مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد
سال هجدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 83، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1395)

Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ovary polycystic syndrome. The aim was to compare AMH average in both laparoscopic and treatment with clomiphen citrate to evaluate an ovulatory response.
This clinical trial study was administrated on ovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The patients divided undergoing laparoscopic (n=49), and receiving clomiphene citrate (n=20). Plasma AMH concentrations were measured before and 1 week after treatment and then was evaluated after 3 and 6 month as well. Comparisons of means in each group were performed using ANOVA analysis.
The pretreatment mean of plasma AMH concentrations didn’t have a significant difference between laparoscopic (6.1±4.1) and clomiphene citrate treatment (5.7±3.2) (P>0.05). After laparoscopic treatment, in women who responding to treatment, AMH level was shown a significant reduction (5.6±2.1) compared with the non-responders (9±1.3) (P Laparoscopic is successful in patients who AMH levels are lower before treatment.

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease in which the numder or function of regulatory T cells (Treg) is impaired. FOXP3 is one of the major factors of Treg function. Among the factors involved on FOXP3 expression are microRNAs (MIR) which bind to 3´UTR. A nucleotide substitution in the sequence of the target site of microRNA can affect the regulation of microRNA. Polymorphisms of rs56066773 and rs56232250 in the 3´UTR of gene FOXP3 can relate with rheumatoid arthritis through the target gene. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between two polymorphisms with rheumatoid arthritis.
In this case-control study, 98 RA patients were recruited from Emam Ali rheumatology clinic and 124 healthy individuals (without the negative history of autoimmune diseases) served as control. Rs56066773 and rs56232250 polymorphisms in the 3´UTR of FOXP3 gene were investigated with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)- Restricted Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). The data were analyzed using SPSS.
In the study population, the frequency of the A/G in rs56066773 in patients and control was 3.1 and 1.6%, respectively. The frequency of the same genotype in rs56232250 was 1 and 1.6% in patients and controls respectively. It was not found any significant relationship between two polymorphism and disease.
Although not found a significant relationship between polymorphisms and arthritis, previous studies has been established the relationship between polymorphisms in the microRNA target site with a number of diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to examine other FOXP3 gene 3'UTR polymorphisms.

MiRNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs that take part in various cellular processes. Recently dysregulation of these small molecules reported in numerous disorders. Unfortunately prevalence of Multiple sclerosis (MS) as an autoimmune disease is rising nowadays in Iran. Th17 cells are the most important cell in this disease. In this study, we have predicted possible role of 3 miRNAs, miR142, miR-146a and miR-150 which could control Th17 differentiation. So, possibly it influences on MS onset and progress.
Using miRwalk database as an integrative database which utilizes 10 different algorithms to predict miRNA-mRNA interaction, it was investigated probable interaction of miRNAs and genes that participate in Th17 differentiation.
Based on this study, 3 distinct miRNAs, miR-142, miR-146a and miR-150, were predicted to have a potential role in induction of Th17 differentiation. Therefore, control of these miRNAs could reduce MS symptoms.
Conclusively, miR-142, miR-146a and miR-150 may be up-regulated in Th17 of MS patients, since bioinformatics data have shown that these miRNAs suppress negative regulator genes in Th17 differentiation. Thus, several therapeutic approaches may be considered for these miRNAs besides of their application as the valuable prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers in detection of various stages of MS.

Hypertrophy cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common type of heart disease with monogenic inheritance distinguished by thickening of left ventricle, contractile dysfunction and potentially fatal arrhythmias. Great progress in clarifying the genetic basis of HCM obtained. It was identified more than 900 unique mutations in 20 genes. Mutations in the gene MYBPC3 (which encodes the cardiac Myosin binding protein C) are about 40% of clinical cases. This study aimed to investigate the presence of mutations in exons 27 and 29 of MYBPC3 gene in patients with hypertrophy cardiomyopathy in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province.
30 probands of hypertrophy cardiomyopathy were selected from patients referred to cardiac clinic of the Shahrekord Medical University. To extract DNA from blood samples of patients we used standard phenol – chloroform protocol. The exons 27 and 29 were amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction and were converted to single-stranded with Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism and they electrophoresed with double-stranded samples on polyacrylamide gels.
Extracted DNA was electrophoresed and the attraction ratio was examined and the outcomes indicate that the DNA extraction and quality of samples are respectable. By investigation of obtained results from SSCP/HA electrophorese in Polyacrylamide, no change was found in exons 27 and 29 of MYBPC3.
Any of the patients had no mutation in exons 27 and 29 gene MYBPC3. Based on the results of this study there is no mutation in exons 27 and 29 gene MYBPC3 of HCM patients with autosomal dominant inheritance. It concluded that exons 27 and 29 of MYBPC3 do not have any role to cause HCM in examined patients.

Oxidative stress in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome causes a lot of problems and oxidized lipids increase the risk of many diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) following treatment with atorvastatin and omega-3. To identify the factors causing the decline lipid oxidation are particularly important in the management and treatment of these patients.
In this clinical trial study, patients with this syndrome were divided into three groups based on the visit. The first group, 26 patients consumed 4g per day omega -3. The second group, 27 patients consumed 20 mg per day atorvastatin and control group, 29 patients received placebo. After gathering all the samples using standard method for measuring lipid profile, the level of malondialdehyde was detected by the HPLC, insulin and testosterone were measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed with using paired t-test and ANOVA in SPSS software.
Omega-3 supplementation decreased malondialdehyde and testosterone. It also had a positive effect on raising HDL-C. Atorvastatin only decreased malondialdehyde in the atorvastatin recipients.
Omega-3 supplements or atorvastatin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome reduces the lipid oxidation and MDA level. It is expected to decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome by reduction of lipid oxidation.

Klebsiella strains, particularly Klebsiella pneumonia, are opportunistic pathogens that contribute to developing urinary tract infections (UTIs) as the most prevalent infection in humans. This study was aimed to study antibiotic resistance of ESBL-producing Klebsiella strains isolated from UTI of inpatients and outpatients referring teaching hospitals in Shahrekord in 2013-2014.
The present study was conducted in 2013-2014 on 150 Klebsiella isolates from UTI of inpatients and outpatients. The isolates were identified by conduction of diagnostic, biochemical tests and use of differential media. ESBL-producing organisms were identified by screening and confirmed phenotypic tests. To investigate the pattern of antibiotic resistance, diffusion disk was used.
Out of total 150 isolates from UTI, the frequency of ESBL-producing strains in hospitalized patients and outpatients referring the teaching hospitals in Shahrekord was reported 64% and 48%, respectively. Findings of Antibiotic resistance pattern in hospitalized patients and outpatients were reported 49% and 31% for amikacin, 61% and 52% for trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, 59% and 39% for gentamicin, 55% and 32% for nitrofurantoin, 59% and 44% for norfloxacin, 72% and 53% for nalidixic acid, 45% and 33% for cefepime, 8% and 3% for imipenem, 41% and 35% for ceftriaxone, 60% and 48% for ciprofloxacin, and 64% and 48%, respectively.
According to the present study, the Klebsiella strains isolated from UTIs of inpatients produced more ESBL, which could be due to excessive and repeated use of third generation cephalosporins and no diagnosis of ESBL-producing Klebsiella strains in healthcare environments.

Heavy metal pollution is a major problem in the environmental and health concerns of food. Toxic elements in the environment of mushrooms may be attracted to them, in which case the problem will create mushroom consumption. This study was aimed to determine the concentration of heavy metals, manganese, chromium, iron, lead, zinc and copper in mushroom consumed in Shahrekord.
This study was a cross- sectional research. 6 samples of the edible mushroom cultivation and 2 samples of wild edible mushrooms in the market of Shahrekord were selected. The sampling method was census with 3 repetitions and it was performed at intervals of a month in the spring. 3 samples and a total of 24 samples were taken of each kind of mushroom. The samples were digested using acid digestion, and then, the metal concentration was determined using atomic emission Spectrometry set.
Average values were measured including zinc, (61.29±14.94) (58.48±29.11), Fe (26.29±8.69) (28.30±11.93), Pb (2.05±0.56) (2.07±0.35), Cr (1.46±0.41) (1.1±0.91), Cu (22.99±5.68) (25.83±6.67), and Mn (3.8±0.72) (6.25±0.99) mg/kg in cultivation and wild mushrooms respectively. Findings of this study indicate that the mean concentration of zinc in both mushrooms (cultivation and wild) was at allowable standard level (CODEX/FAO/WHO), Chromium, lead, iron exceeded the standard, and manganese, copper, less was than the standard limit.
Regards to some samples of contained heavy metals, chromium, lead, iron levels are higher than standard level. With regard to the increasing consumption of edible mushrooms cultured in Iran, it is required more careful about the conditions and environments.

Adenylate cyclase toxin is one of the immunogenic virulence factors secreted by Bordetella pertussis, that consists of catalytic domain corresponding to the 400 N-terminal residues called AC. This domain can stimulate cAMP synthesis in eukaryotic cells, and it has an important role in development of pertussis. It also can be used as a cell biology tool and in anti-cancer drugs. The aim of this study was to achieve high expression of the antigenic properties of the AC to evaluate its use in vaccines, adjuvant or the provision of diagnostic kits.
In this experimental study, AC domain amplified by PCR reaction, and cloned into pET28a vector and expressed in the E. coli BL21 (DE3) host. After the optimization of expression, protein analysis by SDS PAGE gel and Western blot analysis were performed. Purification was carried out on column chromatography (NI-NTA).
AC fragment was cloned successfully into a pET28a vector and under expression system with a concentration of 0.5 mM IPTG induction after 4 hours at 37 °C, AC can be expressed as a function of maximum yields 25mg/L and 95% purity.
This study showed that the induction of expression using only 0.5 mM IPTG can result in the over expression of the catalytic domain of protein ACT with maximum purity. This amount is appropriate for many applications, including research and diagnosis.

Foodborne diseases are a major problem of modern society. The epidemiological investigations in many parts of the world had been shown that infections caused by Salmonella serovars are increasing. Therefore, the identification of Salmonella species to serovars level is in specific importance. In addition, the emergence of drug resistance among these serovars also has become a major global concern. So, the knowledge of the resistance patterns of Salmonella could be very useful for the treatment of such foodborne diseases. The aim of this study was to determine Salmonella serotypes in foodborne outbreaks by sequencing of ITS region of 16S-23SrRNA gene.
This was a cross- sectional study, in total, 173 outbreaks in different provinces of Iran during one year were selected. In total, 614 diarrheal specimens from patients in outbreaks were tested for the isolation of Salmonella. Identification of Salmonella was carried out by 16SrRNA method and antibiotic susceptibility was performed by standard methods.
Of 18 Salmonella isolated from happened outbreaks, 16 cases (88.9%) were Salmonella enteridis and 2 cases (11.1%) Salmonella paratyphi A, respectively. All isolates were sensitive to ceftazidime, and high resistance to tested antibiotics was seen with nalidixic acid (77.8%) in 14 samples.
Prevalence of antibiotics resistance bacteria which is major threat for human health is increasing rapidly. Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella strains also are increasing. Therefore, knowledge of antibiotic resistance pattern to Salmonella serovars will help in treatment of foodborne due to Salmonella infections.

Paraoxonase-1, Adiponectin and Hydrogen Peroxide are among indexes that are influenced by sedentary lifestyle; and it is possible that they’ll be effective on blood pressure. However, it is not clear the relationship between their changes with blood pressure as a result of participation in regular physical activity. So, the aim of this research was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks moderate aerobic exercise on relationship between Paraoxonase-1, Hydrogen Peroxide and Adiponectin changes with systolic and diastolic blood pressure of Men’s with high blood pressure.
This research was a semi-experimental with repeated measurement method, and 10 men (age range= 37.9±2.68) with high blood pressure (systolic pressure: 140.531±0.23 and diastolic 90.71±0.05) after completing the consent form participated in this research. The subjects participated in a 12-week aerobic moderate exercise (55-70 percent of Maximum Heart Rate). Physiological markers and serum levels of Adiponectin, Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) were assessed in baseline stage, fourth weeks, eighth weeks and twelfth weeks. The Liner Mixed Model was used to evaluate the association between markers.
Statistical analyses showed no significant relation between Adiponectin and PON-1 with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (Respectively: P=0.150, P=0651 and P=0.165, P=0.520). However, the relationship between H2O2 with SBP and DBP (Respectively: P=0.020 and P=0.048) reported significantly.
it Seems that 12 weeks of aerobic moderate exercise leads to a reduction of blood pressure in Men’s with high blood pressure by reducing of ROS and oxidative stress.

Coenzyme Q10 is a fat-soluble vitamin-like substance that carries electrons in the mitochondria. It plays an important role in anti-oxidant activities and energy production. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on aerobic capacity, anaerobic and some selected indicators on Muscle soreness in athletes and non-athletes boys.
This quasi- experimental research was conducted on 20 male students of 60 volunteers with an average age, height and weight, respectively (16.30±0.8 years, 172±6 cm, 62.76±7.55 kg) in two groups: Athletes (n= 10) and non-athletes (n= 10) were classified. Both groups were sampled 4 times (Every time 5cc of the elbow vein) in two steps (before and after serving supplementation) and the basic level and delay soreness index changes (LDH and CK), using Pars laboratory test kit and Autoanalaizer AT- classical alpha were evaluated. The protocol of this study was, Bruce (using a treadmill to assess VO2max) and Faulkner (using the treadmill, V= 12.9 km/h and g= 20, to assess aerobic power). Bruce and Faulkner test reliability was obtained at 0.95 to 0.99 and 0.76 to 0.91, respectively. To examine the differences in the various stages of sampling, as well as intra-group and out-group differences, repeated measure, ANOVA, dependent and independent tests were used.
The findings showed that short-term use of CoQ10 supplements led to no significant change, CK (P= 0.19), LDH (P= 0.12), anaerobic power (P= 0.17) and aerobic power (P= 0.43) in both groups of athletes and non-athletes.
The overall results indicate that the level of physical fitness (compared to the athlete or athletes being), had no effect on aerobic, and anaerobic capacity and muscle soreness due to coenzyme Q10 supplementation. Both groups benefited equally from the supplement.

The study has tried to investigate the effectiveness of neurofeedback training on improvement of Working Memory in the students with Dyslexia.
The statistical population in this study comprised of all students of primary schools in Shahrekord in 2013-2014 academic years. 4 dislexic students (3 boys and 1 girl) aged 8 to 12 years old were selected by purposeful sampling for the intervention. The study was a single case with A-B design. Intervention was started after determining the base-line and the neurofeedback instruction was presented during 30 sessions of individual sessions. The tools were: Reading and Dyslexia test and New Version of Tehran‒Stanford‒Benet Intelligence Scale.
Based on descriptive statistics and visual analysis, the findings of the present study showed the improvement of Dyslexic Students. Visual analysis of the charts, process and stability indexes and PND totally showed that scores of Working Memory has increased from 90.3 to 106.6, suggesting that treatment has certainly been effective with 100% of confidence.
According to the findings in the present study, this study has shown that neurofeedback training is effective in improving the Working Memory and Dyslexia. By self-regulation of brain waves and giving feedback to brain, the effectiveness will be yielded. In the present study, after neurofeedback training, Dyslexic children could improve their Working Memory and in comparing to the situation before the intervention, they received a higher score in the part of Working Memory. So, neurofeedback training is a strategy in improvement of Working Memory in children with Dyslexia.

Varicocele is characterized by dilation and abnormal tortuosity of the spermatic veins in testes and it has long been implicated as a major cause of treatable in fertile men. Testicular function in individuals with varicocele progressively damaged but the exact mechanisms involved in initiation and development of dysfunction of testis in these individuals are not fully known. Therefore, the aim of this review article was to study known pathophysiological mechanisms in the incidence of varicocele.
Literature search in different electronic databases such as Science Direct, Pubmed and Scopus, as well as other data sources were related to ISI between 1989-2015.
Varicocele is often associated with abnormal spermatogenesis, elevated testicular temperature and oxidative stress. This condition is lead to reduction of semen quality and fertility.
The microsurgical varicocelectomy method is now the preferred approach between most urologists due to low recurrence rates and complications compared to other treatment suggested by urologists.

Inteins are genetic elements that actions resemble introns with this difference that inteins not only are transcribed but also are translated. These elements at the protein level are isolated from the host protein and joined their flanking regions with a peptide bond. The aim of this review at the first is a brief introduction to biotechnology and its applications then an understanding of genetic elements as inteins and their application in biotechnology.
In this study, the related articles for this subject were collected from international databases such as ISI, PubMed and Scopus and also Persian articles through Iranmedex database.
At the first time, Inteins were identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in 1990. Protein splicing, an intramolecular process, was performed by Inteins without any cofactors and metabolic energy sources. Inteins have different applications in biotechnology such as Self-circularization for synthesis of large genetics library and rapid purifications of proteins.
Inteins due to the ability to cleave from proteins and ligate the up and down segment, natural or engineered, have different applications in many technologies such as enzymology, protein engineering, target detection, microarray production and purification of recombinant proteins.