مجله پژوهش های علم و دین
سال ششم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1394)

Qurtubi’s exegeses in categorization of exegeses has a great place in exegeses of Ray. This exegeses, in spite of its juristic nature in three fields of juristic, rhetorical and exegeses can be discussed. Qurtubi in position of an interpreter consider no room for entrance of wisdom in fields of juristic and rhetoric, but in practical field he has indicated to wisdom. In the field of Quranic studies, he considers a great position for wisdom. For Qurubi exegeses of hadith has positions based on interpreters’ two different views , and by accepting of the place of wisdom in exegeses of Quran, has presented his own definition from wisdom and its importance in exegeses of Quran and stressed insufficiency relying on quotation. This paper tries to define of wisdom based Qurtubi’s view and its place in three fields of juristic, rhetoric, and exegeses.

This article seeks to find a way to properly explain the scientific findings about the biology of human beings on Earth before Adam (AS) in the verses and Hadiths. Archaeological findings suggest that pre-existing humans, two types of creatures with intelligence and free will, the Neanderthals and Cromangons, who lived in the land of ten thousand years ago, is depleted. The hadithes In general, talk about the existence of two species of Jinn and Gorilla and indicate the existence of seven types of humanoid creatures on earth. Perhaps we know Neanderthals and Cromangons two types of Gorilla. Based on historical studies and scientific research since the fall of Adam as the father of the current people on the ground, less than in tens of thousands of years ago. No physical connection between Adam and creatures before him there. The theory of Transformism about Adam and his seed is not true.

Cartesian circle is a well-known topic. This issue first put forward by his contemporaries to the extent that according to Descartes “if I am certain that God exists and is not deceiver, I can be certain that whatever I perceive clearly and distinctly is true.” and “only if I first be certain that whatever I perceive clearly and distinctly is true, then I can be certain that god exists and is not deceiver.” That is, certainty of the two propositions: “God exist and is not deceiver”, and “whatever I perceive clearly and distinctly is true”, depend on each other and it entails circle. There is several solution for Cartesian circle among which the solution of memory, of twofold certainty, and of psychological interpretation are very important. This article deals whit the solution of memory, according to which God guarantees our memory rather than the truth of our clear and distinct perceptions.

From the beginning of the 16th century, a Shia government was established in Iran during which powerful European and Christian governments appeared in its southern borders. As a consequence, the religious missioners of these countries could facilely and effortlessly step onto Iran`s soil with the support of their governments. During the subsequent centuries, missioners were one of the most suitable organizations for influencing Iran`s culture. For this purpose, Catholic and Protestant missionaries tried different political and religious approaches. European's resounding and considerable success in conquering historical and new (contemporary and recent) continents as well as the propagation of Christianity during that period spawned the use of incursive methods for their propaganda in Iran. The translation of holy texts of Christianity into Persian as well as writing books running athwart Islamic beliefs and engendering dubitation among Muslims started in Safavid dynasty, however, these exercises reached to the zenith and peak owing to the intensification of competitions among colonialist governments. This research aims to analyze some priests` books and statements (especially Henry Martin`s) disproving and discrediting Shia`s beliefs and also how Shia scholars and clergies responded to them by writing theories confuting Christian missionaries.

Because of the relation between science and philosophy on the one hand and the relation between Farabi and Avicenna’s philosophy and metaphysics with theology and religion on the other hand, natural sciences has many dimensions and numerous issues in connecting with philosophical theology and theoretical philosophy of them. In this paper I want to show the relation between natural sciences and philosophical theology in Farabi and Avicenna’s metaphysics. After that, I want to say the natural sciences for Farabi and Avicenna is differing from the discourse of science in the contemporary world.

Is it possible to prove God’s existence through logical argument? Some philosophers hold that it is possible. In contrast others believe that it is impossible to prove God’s existence through logical argument. Although the third group maintain that proof of God’s existence is not impossible, yet, they reject the concept of classical natural theology on such proofs and suggest modern conditions for validity of proof. They believe that although some of the dissenting discourse towards classical natural theology arguments in proving God’s existence are subject to criticisms and that provability of God’s existence is rationally defendable, but the conceptions of proof of the proponents of classical natural theology from the concept of proof, the conditions posed by it and the certainty of such arguments to everyone as they claim, are not defendable. By accepting new epistemic paradigms and redefinition of the concept of proof as a person-relative argument, it is possible to defend the proofs of God’s existence and present new conception of the rationality of belief in God.