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Avicenna Journal of Neuro Psycho Physiology - Volume:2 Issue: 3, Aug 2015

Avicenna Journal of Neuro Psycho Physiology
Volume:2 Issue: 3, Aug 2015

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1394/11/01
  • تعداد عناوین: 6
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  • Nasrin Hashemi, Firouzi, Marjan Akhavan, Alireza Komaki, Siamak Shahidi* Page 1
    Background
    Urtica dioica (nettle) has a variety of uses in traditional medicine for the treatment of certain urogenital problems, gastrointestinal disorders, and diabetes..
    Objectives
    Recent studies have implicated the effect of U. dioica on brain functions such as pain and memory. However, there is no direct evidence of the acute effects of this plant on cognition. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of U. dioica aqueous extract on the novel object-recognition task (NOR) in mice..
    Materials And Methods
    First, U. dioica aqueous extract was prepared, then adult male mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups. During the training session, the mice were placed in a box and given 5 minutes to explore two identical objects. The next day, they were again placed in the box and allowed to explore one familiar and one novel object. They received intraperitoneal injections of saline or U. dioica aqueous extract (100 mg/kg) before or immediately after the training session or before the test session of the NOR task..
    Results
    The results showed that there was a preference for the novel object compared to the familiar one in each of the experimental groups. The object-recognition discrimination index in the group of mice that received U. dioica before training was significantly less than in the other experimental groups. There was no significant difference in the discrimination index between the other groups. U. dioica did not decrease the time spent exploring familiar and unfamiliar objects, or the total time spent exploring both objects..
    Conclusions
    Acute administration of U. dioica impairs the object-recognition task if it is used only before the training session. This may be due to its modulation on the acquisition processing of object-recognition. U. dioica has no significant effects on the consolidation or retrieval processing stages of the NOR task. These results emphasize the unfavorable effect on cognitive function of pre-training with acute supplementation of U. dioica..
    Keywords: Mice, Novel Object Recognition, Urtica dioica
  • Mohammad Ahmadpanah, Mohammad Haghighi, Prakash Padakannaya, Ali Ghaleiha, Leila Jahangard, Marzieh Nazaribadie, Amineh Akhondi* Page 2
    Background
    According to recent estimates, approximately 4% - 12% of Iranians experience difficulty in learning to read and spell, possibly as a result of developmental dyslexia..
    Objectives
    The study was intended to investigate spelling error patterns among Persian children with developmental dyslexia and compare those patterns with the errors exhibited by control groups..
    Patients and
    Methods
    Some 90 students participated in this study. There were 30 fifth grade students who had been diagnosed as dyslexic by professionals, 30 normal fifth grade readers, and 30 younger normal readers. There were 15 boys and 15 girls in each of the groups. Qualitative and quantitative methods for the analysis of errors were used..
    Results
    This study found similar spelling error profiles among the dyslexic students and the reading-level-matched group, and these profiles were different from those of the age-matched group. However, the performances of the dyslexic group and the reading-level-matched group were different and inconsistent in some cases..
    Conclusions
    However, performances of dyslexic group and reading level matched group were different and inconsistent in some cases..
    Keywords: Spelling, Errors, Developmental Dyslexia, Persian
  • Sim Sai Tin*, Viroj Wiwanitkit Page 3
  • Mohammad Nadi Sakhvidi, Lida Jafari, Fatemeh Hosseini* Page 4
    Context: Different paradoxical theories are available regarding psychiatric disorders. The current study aimed to establish a more comprehensive overall approach..
    Evidence Acquisition: This basic study examined ancient medical books. “The Canon” by Avicenna and “Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry” by Kaplan and Sadock were the most important and frequently consulted books in this study..
    Results
    Four groups of temperaments were identified: high active, high flexible; high active, low flexible; low active, low flexible; and low active, high flexible. When temperament deteriorates personality, non-psychotic, and psychotic psychiatric disorders can develop..
    Conclusions
    Temperaments can provide a basis to classify psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric disorders can be placed in a spectrum based on temperaments..
    Keywords: Temperament, Mental Disorder, Classification
  • Reza Jovharifard, Atefeh Bashirinejhadian, Mohammad Babamiri*, Azita Zahiri Harsini, Majid Barati Page 5
    Background
    Migraine is a chronic headache disorder that affects approximately 12% of the general population. Migraine is known as recurrent headache, pulsating, moderate with severe power, which lasts for 4 to 72 hours, aggravated by daily physical activity along with nausea, vomiting, photophobia or photophobia..
    Objectives
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between brain-behavioral systems and negative and positive affects in patients with migraine..
    Patients and
    Methods
    The research population included patients, who had referred to neurology clinics. One hundred and twenty cases were selected by accessible sampling based on the neurologist’s diagnosis of migraine headaches. They completed the Gray-Wilson (1989) Personality Questionnaire as well as Watson, Clark and Telligent (1988) positive and negative affect scale. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 19 software, correlation and stepwise regression..
    Results
    The results showed that positive affect had a significant positive correlation with active avoidance parameters and negative significant correlation with passive avoidance and extinction parameters. The findings also indicated that negative affect had a positive and significant relationship with passive avoidance and extinction..
    Conclusions
    It can be concluded that brain-behavioral systems may be the foundation of behavioral and emotional tendencies in patients with migraine headaches..
    Keywords: Migraine, Brain, Behavioral Systems, Negative, Positive Affect
  • Ebrahim Zarrinkalam, Ali Heidarianpour* Page 6
    Background
    Apelin has recently been identified as an analgesic agent and a novel neuropeptide. On the other hand, it has been shown that exercise can lead to reduced pain in morphine-dependent patients..
    Objectives
    Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate apelin and pain threshold changes in healthy and morphine-dependent rats in response to two exercise paradigms..
    Materials And Methods
    In this study, 30 healthy and 30 morphine-dependent rats were used. Morphine-dependent and healthy rats were divided into six groups: 1, a control (healthy) group; 2, a healthy endurance group; 3, a healthy strength-training group; 4, an addicted control group; 5, an addicted endurance group; 6, an addicted strength-training group. Then, the training groups performed aerobic and strength training for eight weeks. After the training program, the tail flick and formalin tests were used to assess pain. Apelin was also measured by ELISA..
    Results
    Regardless of the type of exercise, exercise significantly increased the apelin serum levels in healthy rats. The apelin levels significantly increased in the morphine-dependent rats compared with the healthy control group. Endurance, unlike strength training, significantly increased apelin in the serum compared to the addicted control group. The training led to pain relief in the morphine-dependent rats and returned it to the healthy control group level. The Pearson correlation showed a reverse significant correlation between the serum apelin level and the tail flick test in the morphine-dependent rats..
    Conclusions
    The results showed that endurance training reduced pain by increasing apelin in morphine-dependent rats. Therefore, it is suggested that this type of training be considered for the morphine-dependent patients for pain relief..
    Keywords: Exercise Training, Analgesics, Pain Threshold, Morphine, Apelin