فصلنامه سراج منیر
پیاپی 19 (تابستان 1394)

From the time the Nahj al-Balagha was compiled by Seyyed Razi till now, a lot of spurious doubts have been sown about its attribution to Imam Ali (AS) and its compiler. Documenting the detailed descriptions of Imam Ali (AS) about the creation of creatures as their argument, some of the Sunni critics claim that the style of Imam Ali (AS)’s speeches is of the Abbasid era, and that such descriptions were not common in Imam Ali’s life (AS). However, after studying different literary, narrative, and historical texts as well as the historical analyses of their climate , the researchers have come to the conclusion that not only was this style in describing creatures common in the age of Imam Ali (AS), but also it had been common prior to his life among the Arab poets and orators. Hence, the words of critics and their opinions are considered and classified, and consequently criticized based on the historical documents. Furthermore, their spurious doubts prove to be groundless, for they have merely been raised to undermine the credibility of the Nahj al-Balagha.

Communication is one of the important issues extensively discussed in most of the fields of the humanities. From among the issues related to communication, rhetorical verbal communication—with the focus on the Quran—is one of the most valuable rhetorical, literary, and Quranic concerns examined in this article. Communication has been of great importance for human lives. It has been so important that from the beginning prophets have paid close attention to it and described different ways of communicating with others. It has also had a great and specific place in philosophy. Not surprisingly, these days because of the increase in different ways of communication and the formation of the global village, it has, to a large extent, found its due attention. That is why numerous researchers and scientists have examined it. From among different types of communication, the importance of verbal communication is more conspicuous, as it can have positive and negative impacts on human’s life or even change or end his life. This is so because man has no way but to communicate. More importantly, the Quran has profoundly focused on it; it has artfully and wisely considered rhetorical verbal communication, the perfect form of communication. A good many studies should be carried out in order to get to know it more. To this end, this article aims to present a small portion of this huge truth. In so doing, it deals with rhetorical verbal communication, different types of rhetorical communication, and its characteristics in order to open up new avenues for further research.

The year 2014 was named the year of political epic and economic epic by the Supreme Leader. Therefore, consumption pattern modification and extravagance prevention are considered to be of utmost importance for the implementation of the economic epic in the society. Obviously enough, suitable consumption culture paves the way for the investment and leads to the economic growth and development. Moreover, what makes the consumption pattern modification and extravagance prevention prominent is moving away from the consuming society where the consumption pattern which is deviated from logical and optimized consumption and insatiable consumption culture which is based on luxury, extravagance, and epicureanism rule. In such a society, individuals only live with the desire of consumption; therefore, the phenomenon of consumption, stemming from the capitalist system, is a blatant characteristic of such a society. This phenomenon is in line with the economic and cultural globalization, which promotes global economics, expands national and international consumption markets, encourages extravagance behavior culture, and changes people’s behavior of the consumption through the high-speed digital media and developed communication technologies. Thus, the present study aims to examine various dimensions of consumption pattern modification (consumption management) in order to implement the economic epic. First, the importance of consumption pattern modification and extravagance prevention is discussed; second, the importance of consumption pattern modification and extravagance prevention in the Quran and Hadith is mentioned, and then the formation and promotion of consumptionism are examined. Finally, instances and consequences of extravagance are mentioned, and some suggestions for further studies are made

The holy Quran, as the most comprehensive divine book, has applied many techniques such as telling stories to guide human. The Quran is not to tell unreal stories, but rather, it tells the fates of ancient people to teach a lesson to posterity. The stories are absolute truth. The commentators of the Quran, especially in the modern period, regard this aspect of the Quran as a miracle. Both Rashid Reza in the al-Minar exegesis and Ayatollah Makarim in the Nimouneh exegesis have paid close attention to this miraculous aspect of the Quran. However, looking through these exegeses shows that the allegorical view of the al-Minar toward some Quranic stories may bring about the rejection of the reality of some Quranic stories. In contrary, in the Nemouneh exegesis the reality of all of the Quranic stories has been borne out through many reasons and examples. According to Makarim, the allegorical view of Quranic stories stands in contrast to the guiding aim of the Quran.

Much of our behavior derives from various types of motivation. Subconscious motivation is an internal factor that underlies some of human behavior. The present study aims to investigate how the subconscious internalization of behavior can affect a person’s ideological orientation. From a theological perspective, in the first step, the researchers study environmental interactions and their effect on the formation of the subconscious. Then, the effects of the family, as the most basic environment affecting the subconscious, reference groups, and the mass media are taken into consideration. In the second step, the researchers address identity development by emphasizing three pivotal forms of identity – familial, gender, and ideological – as deriving from the subconscious. Then, in pursuance of the first two steps, examples of ideological approaches are given from the Quran. Finally, the researchers propose strategies for controlling the healthy identity formation of children.

The method of treating and encountering others is one of the important factors of a lifestyle, particularly the Islamic lifestyle of the fuglemen and Imams (PBUT), which has a great influence on attracting people to Islam religion. The article aims to explain the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and Imams (PBUT)’s lifestyle in encountering various guilds. The research method is descriptive-analysis, and in order to explain Ahl al-Bayt (PBUT)‘s lifestyle in encountering others, the data have been extracted from the relevant historical texts. In this article, after defining Islamic lifestyle, the researchers discuss the way the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and Imams (PBUT) treated different groups of people, especially scientists and religious grandees, along with their scientific debates. This has been done to make the addresses grow and educate through the appropriate cognitive, emotional, and behavioral encountering methods.