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Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology - Volume:5 Issue: 1, Winter 2016

Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology
Volume:5 Issue: 1, Winter 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/02/13
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Maryam Rad, Arash Shahravan, Ali Akbar Haghdoost Pages 1-12
    Background And Aim
    National oral health knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) data among 12-year-old children need nation-wide programs to help promote oral health. In most countries, oral epidemiologic data are collected by self-administered structured questionnaires. The aim of this study was to undertake a systematic review of the existing literature about questionnaires used for analyzing the oral health knowledge, attitude, and behavior profile of the 12-year-old children.
    Methods
    The search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar search engines. The Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) search was performed applying singularly and by combining the following terms retrieved from the MeSH browser provided by
    MEDLINE: “Knowledge, awareness, attitude, practice, behavior, 12-year-old children, oral health.”
    Results
    Of 176 records found, 29 evaluated oral health KAP in 12-year-old children by structured questionnaires. The most important questions on knowledge (23 of 29 questionnaires) included some items which are focused on the importance of preserving natural teeth, effects of brushing, and sweets and soft drinks on the dentition. The most common questions on practice (28 questionnaires) were brushing activity and dental visits. The attitudes were evaluated by questions about fear of dental treatment, opinion about dentists and dental care (10 questionnaires).
    Conclusion
    Considering differences in the available questionnaires showed that despite the importance of promotion of oral health by increasing knowledge, and improving attitudes and practice in 12-year-old children, more work is needed to form a standard questionnaire.
    Keywords: Oral Health, Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior, Review
  • Hamidreza Poureslami, Razieh Hoseinifar, Reihaneh Hosseinifar, Hamid Sharifi, Parnian Poureslami Pages 13-16
    Background And Aim
    Sucking of some types of a pacifier may be a risk factor for mal-development of orofacial structures and malocclusion. This study assessed the prevalence of using of different types of pacifier and bottle nipple among 1-24 months old children in Kerman, Iran.
    Methods
    In this cross-sectional study, a total of 300 mothers interviewed at 20 specialized private pediatric offices in Kerman. The mothers had 1-24 months old children. A checklist includes items about pacifier sucking, bottle feeding habits, as well as mothers’ ability to recognize different kinds of available pacifier and bottle nipple was used.
    Results
    The rate of pacifier-sucking was 37.3%, and use of bottle feeding was 42.3%, and among of the users, 24.0 and 35.7% were used orthodontic (functional) types of pacifier and bottle nipple respectively. However, only 28.7% of mothers had adequate ability to recognize orthodontic pacifier and bottle nipple.
    Conclusion
    The rates of using orthodontic kind of pacifier and bottle nipple were low, and a few mothers had adequate ability to recognize their differences.
    Keywords: Pacifier, Bottle Feeding, Bottle Nipple, Breast Feeding, Sucking Habits
  • Effat Khodadadi, Fatemeh Nazeran, Hemmat Gholinia, Ahangar Pages 17-23
    Background And Aim
    Dental treatment under general anesthesia is critical for non-cooperative, low aged, and special needs’ children. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and attitude of parents about pediatric dental treatment under general anesthesia.
    Methods
    This was a cross-sectional study among 100 parents of children who were referred to Babol School of Dentistry (Roohani Hospital) and Babol clinic Hospital, Iran, in 2012-2013 for dental treatment under general anesthesia. The questionnaire contained questions assessing the reasons for choosing dental treatment under general anesthesia, and the advantages and disadvantages of this method of treatment and parental satisfaction. The form was completed by the parents. Data were reported using descriptive statistics and analyzed by the Spearman correlation coefficient.
    Results
    In this study, a questionnaire survey showed that the majority of parents were concerned about the health of their children and despite having some degree of awareness about side effects of general anesthesia and its high cost, they expressed a positive view toward that. A reduction of fear and anxiety and the possibility of performing several treatments in one session are among the benefits of this method. Non-cooperative children of low age with a high number of dental caries are the main recipients of this treatment method. This method was introduced to the majority of parents by the dentist treating their children.
    Conclusion
    This study showed parents accepted the costs and risks of this approach to maintain the oral health of their children after it was recommended by the pediatrician. Therefore, with sufficient awareness of society toward this treatment option, we can improve children’s oral health and performance.
    Keywords: General Anesthesia, Parental Attitudes, Parental Awareness, Pediatric Dental Treatment
  • Princess Christina Campbell, Dada Sheriff Pages 24-33
    Background And Aim
    Oral health knowledge and oral health seeking behavior among people living with human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) (PLWHA) have been found to be very low. The importance of education to improve awareness and oral health practices cannot be overemphasized. The study determined the level of awareness, perceived oral status and practices of oral health care among PLWHA attending Federal Medical Centre Abeokuta (FMCA), Nigeria.
    Methods
    This descriptive cross-sectional study recruited 204 participants using systematic random sampling technique. The self-designed, pre-tested questionnaire was interviewer-administered by trained research assistants in October 2014 for 4 weeks. All research protocols were strictly adhered to. The data were analyzed with SPSS, chi-square, ANOVA, Fischer’s exact test and P value was calculated.
    Results
    Out of 204 patients, 191, predominantly females 100 (52.4%); married 120 (62.8%), participated, with a response rate of 93.6%. The age range was 18-69 years with a mean of 37.64 ± 11.30 years. Oral health awareness was low 47 (24.6%), but 138 (72.3%) were aware of the role of fluoride toothpaste. Awareness on oral health was statistically significant with the level of education (P
    Conclusion
    The limited awareness on oral health and its practices can be improved by oral health information and education among the respondents, and further help reduce the severity of some further complications.
    Keywords: Oral Health, Awareness, Method, PLWHA
  • Sasan Salahi, Fereshteh Moosaali, Mohammad Moradian, Mohammadieh Pages 34-39
    Background And Aim
    The mechanical removal of plaque by tooth brushing is the most effective way for prevention of caries and periodontal diseases. Some studies indicate that the design and shape of toothbrush could be the effective for this point. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of a Classic toothbrush with a Superbrush toothbrush in controlling plaque and gingival bleeding over a 2-week period of brushing.
    Methods
    This study was a crossover clinical trial, involving 30 healthy individuals who were dental students of both sexes, randomly divided equally into two groups with simple
    Method
    group A (Classic Toothbrush; Soft, Tepe, Sweden) and group B (Superbrush Toothbrush; Soft, Dentaco AS, Haukeland, Norway). After taking an informed consent, the baseline O’Leary plaque index (PI) and bleeding point index (BPI) was recorded, and the subjects were given common toothpaste (Crest). A prophylaxis was performed to achieve the PI of zero and then the demonstration of Bass technique was given to each subject. Each group started the experiment with a different type of toothbrush for 1 week which followed by 1 week of wash-out. After that, each group switched to the next type of toothbrush for 1 week. All subjects had to refrain from other oral hygiene procedures for the duration of the study. The results were analyzed statistically by independent t-test and paired t-test. A statistical significance was set at the 95% confidence level (P
    Results
    Superbrush showed a significant reduction of both PI ý(P = 0.050, P 0.050).
    Conclusion
    The results showed the efficacy of Superbrush toothbrush in a significant reduction of PI and BPI, so it can be suggested to patients as an alternative to the Classic toothbrush.
    Keywords: Dental Plaque Index, Bleeding Point Index, Tooth Brushing
  • Hamidreza Poureslami, Ahmad Enhesari, Zahra Salari, Hamid Sharifi, Parnian Poureslami Pages 40-45
    Background And Aim
    Sever early dental caries in childhood is one of the health problems. This study was performed to determine the association between weight at 25 and 28 weeks of fetal life and severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) at 1.5-2 years of age among some of children in Kerman, Iran.
    Methods
    In this longitudinal study, 100 pregnant mothers and their newborns examined via sonography for fetus weight and clinically for dental caries, using International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criteria. Variables, including fetus weight and presence or absence of signs of S-ECC, were recorded in a checklist. Data were analyzed using t-test.
    Results
    The mean fetal weight of 10 children with signs of S-ECC at 25-28 weeks of fetal life was 752.4 g. However, this mean was 898.05 g for 35 children, who did not have any signs of S-ECC. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant.
    Conclusion
    It appears there is an association between the rate of changes in fetal weight at 25-28 weeks of gestational age and occurrence S-ECC. Due to the fetal weight can be effective on thickness as and hardness of enamel developed on deciduous maxillary incisors, therefore, the fetal weight can be associate to the occurrence of S-ECC in these teeth after birth.
    Keywords: Fetal Life, Severe Early Childhood Caries, Weight
  • Fatemeh Jahanimoghadam, Shahla Momenidanayee, Marziyeh Karimiafshar Pages 46-51
    Background And Aim
    Severe rotation of tooth is one of the most common problems in orthodontics and considered as a developmental phenomenon. These rotations can cause cosmetic problems, gingival recession, and traumatic occlusion. By using removable appliances, severe rotations can be treated. Furthermore, gingival damage, tooth attrition, and transposition of other teeth could be prevented. Early treatment of these rotated teeth could improve dental aesthetic affecting on child’s behavior and enhanced self-confidence. This case report presents two treated cases using the removable appliance in severe tooth rotations.
    CASE REPORT: Case 1: The severe rotation of right upper central incisor in a 9-year-old girl is corrected with removable orthodontic appliance and whip spring. Case 2: The severe rotation of left lower lateral incisor in an 8-year-old girl is corrected with a force couple and elastic anchored on the removable orthodontic appliance.
    Conclusion
    In this paper, it was revealed that to correction the problem, in the first case a removable appliance with a whip spring was used and in the second case, a removable appliance in combination with bracket and elastic was efficient to prevent from a complicated orthodontic treatment in the future.
    Keywords: Rotation, Removable Orthodontic Appliance, Correction
  • Mehrad Afzali, Samaneh Nakhaei, Raha Habib, Agahi Pages 52-56
    Background And Aim
    The aim of this case report is to present an approach used to correct severe rotation of anterior maxillary teeth in a pre-adolescent boy.
    CASE REPORT: The patient was an 8-year-old boy in the mixed dentition stage and severe rotation of upper right central incisor. Whip appliance was consisted of a removable plate, a cantilever spring and a bonded molar tube on rotated tooth. After initial alignment and overcorrection of rotation during 6 months, circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy was performed. About 1 week after surgery, the device was removed and the retention period initiated.
    Conclusion
    He semi-fixed-removable appliance can be very effective for correcting severe rotation of anterior teeth.
    Keywords: Maxillary Incisor, Tooth Rotation, Whip Appliance