نشریه اقتصاد و بانکداری اسلامی
پیاپی 13 (زمستان 1394)

The economic growth is a main economic goal, which requires increasing investment. The personal savings provide resources for investment. In this paper, we aim to compare saving theories among Moslem scholars, according to the Islamic ethics, with saving theories of classical and neo- classical schools. To do this, we use documentary method and apply “content analysis” to analyze related texts. According to the theoretical basics of saving and comparing them with viewpoints of Moslem scholars, the results indicate that saving in the context of Islamic economics contrary to orthodox economics, is compatible with Islamic ethics framework. Hence, new methods are introduced to save more according to the Islamic teachings.

The concept ofsocial capital has the potential to give direction based on network behavior, norms, and social trust in the social structure that will facilitate collective actions of social relationships. Social capital is a desirable element for intragroup cooperation, and its presence is necessary for social cohesion and social goals, and countries can achieve the higher level of achievement of the objectives at lower cost.It seems that religious teachings as the supreme value, can act as infrastructure and the strengthening of social capital.Theology and religious concepts on the one hand as an integrated system through multiple dimensions of self- actualization and the realization of can help to creation of social capital and on the other, by creating networks of trust and bonding social capital in various fields can make to sustained social and cultural development. The main objective of this study was to investigate how the existence of social capital and its elements in the Muslim community, is. This study looked at the religious component of social capital identified and assessed. Also, in this study using Fukuyama index and the composite index (percentile ranks), social capital is calculated in the period 1363-90. The results indicated that social capital is a decreasing trend over the years. In general, the downside of this process, set the stage for the creation and strengthening of social capital is required. This review is clear that in Islam there are good ways to strengthen the social capital that is essential to the community for policymakers, for their efforts to strengthen and expand.

Usury in Islam is considered as the main financial corruption which is generally applicable to loans. Meanwhile, loan is used as a method of mobilizing and allocating resources in Iran's non-interest banking it seems that regard for loan contracts is vital to avoid usury or something akin to that. Putting questions to Grand Ayatollahs and their opinions being expressed about the performance of banks and some interest-free funds have proved major problems in applying debt in the financial system of the country. This paper has attempted to study the pathological function of the financial system in Iran in the use of the loan contract as interest-free financing by descriptive and analytical method. Results obtained from this analysis confirmed the viewpoint of some authorities on interest on current loan agreements in the country's financial system. On the other hand, these findings prove this method of financing inappropriate considering the nature of bank as well as its implementation model due to the inflationary conditions in economy of Iran. Finally, proposals have been submitted to solve the challenges.

Theories of behavior consumer deal with human behaviors as a being with will and purpose, so they are based on specific assumptions about the human nature and fundamentals of decision making. These assumptions often have ideological roots in different value systems consequently they are different in various these systems. The aim of this paper is to investigate these assumptions in the framework of Islamic society. There are many discussions about the consumption in the economics literature that it indicates the importance of it in economics. Income is one of the most important effective factors on consumption hence, this paper investigates the behavior consumer in Islamic economics. Consider to rational behavior that is defined in Islamic economics as coincidence with Islamic criteria and values, the paper showed that the main purpose is to maximize of god satisfaction in Islamic society.

Government in the implementation of development projects is facing with liquidity problems and delays in the implementation and operation of the projects. Despite the anticipated release of Islamic Treasury bills in the budget laws in recent years havent been remarkable performance. The main question in this study is whether the use of Islamic treasury bills to finance short-term projects may be its mode of operation and, if yes, how? The hypothesis is that the Islamic treasury bills may be issued at the beginning of a shortage of funding for projects, acquisition of nonfinancial assets (construction), especially in the first half of the year. The method proposed in this paper, adequate funding for the implementation of projects and delays in the completion of construction.

Evidences indicate that some financial crises had occurred in the conventional banking system that often they were severe. At first sight this impression may create that the Islamic banking system doesn’t have any solution to reduce the financial crisis, and this system is consistent with the traditional society. But in theory, the features of this system and the opinions which are expressed about its respective operations are evidence that the willingness to create an Islamic banking increasingly had expanded. Therefore, in this study with use of content analysis method and library research, Islamic banking’s solution for any of the reasons which mentioned as causes of the crisis have been investigated, while offering causes of the financial crisis in the Western financial system, and through the reasons it has been shown that in theory Islamic banking can reduce the financial crisis and it can be a solution for the global financial system. As a country that Islamic banking just let to work, Iran has made great efforts in this field. But unfortunately, Islamic banking couldn’t actually play its role well, so at the end of the article some solutions for increasing the efficiency of Islamic banking in Iran are expressed.