نشریه اقتصاد و بانکداری اسلامی
پیاپی 7 (تابستان 1393)

Currently, Islamic banking should be considered as a potentially progressive monetary structure. In a variety of Islamic and non-islamic countries around the world, Islamic banking has been adopted alongside conventional systems of banking and in some cases it has been well developed. We would introduce the theoretical foundations of Islamic banking and investigate its potential impacts on economic growth and development. The principles of Islamic banking would be established and based on these principles we would discuss the possible tools and outcomes of such a method of financing. We have compared Islamic banks and conventional banks in four different categories: efficiency, stability, moral hazard, and poverty reduction. It is found out that previous studies support the hypothesis that Islamic banking is a necessary tool of economic growth. First of all this economic growth seems to be higher than the economic growth achieved through conventional financial institutions. Secondly, an Islamic financing which instead of utilizing interest rates, takes advantage of a good amount of participatory contracts and exchange could lead to a much more stable economic development specially because it might encounter lesser and low life-time economic crises. However, one should not assume that Islamic banking would always be a wise choice for economic development. In the paper we have mentioned some situations in which sticking with Islamic banking in an inflexible manner could be a serious obstacle for development. One of the results of this study for policy makers could be the guideline that using Islamic banking as the proxy of financing could help to stabilize the macroeconomy in developing and developed countries.

In this research economic outcomes of a few speculative actions according to Islamic Jurisprudence, Islamic ethics and their results on economic growth by using content analysis method has been analyzed.
Within the research, short-run speculative contracts evaluated based on three criterias :1. Non-positive sum game 2.Certain amount 3. Rule of win/loss.
The results show that the short-run speculative transanction have to be rejected whereas entrepreneurship activities must be encouraged. This approach is consistent with Islamic ethics and leads to economic growth.

People with different beliefs, in turn, could affect economic variables the effect is trough doing an activity that people are offered in the community. Since always from the perspective of Islam and Western economists Ethical Treatment is recommended. It seems that people with a detailed understanding of their religious taught and moral norms do not work against public interests. Governments, along with a number of measures to facilitate and promote such activities can be a precursor to adhere these principles. Thus in Islamic society which achieving human happiness and perfection is the target, people should abide by ethical standards recommended in the verses and traditions and does their work in the community as their duty. In this regard, the responsibility of governments in each country is that to provide the bed and the necessary structures to achieve these goals.
In this study we try to investigate the importance of work and efforts along with Islamic ethics and appraise the government performance to provide a platform for ethical measures and the welfare of the people that should be realized. In this regard, by using library method and descriptive analysis, the moral activities of the Islamic Republic of Iran government in the executive Customs agencies has been analyzed. Referring to some activities, analysis of variance has been done on the implementation of World ASYCUDA project (87-91) - This project aims to accelerate the export, import and transit of goods in the country and thus increase revenue and provide satisfactory service to the community.
With calculations and studies, Results indicate that the execution of the project in some country’s customs agencies has a significant effect on the average efficiency of export, import and transit to the destination countries.

In the years before World War II, the concept of good governance was less used. But during the 1980s, a new concept has emerged that more than of government notes. Indeed, good governance is a broad concept that encompasses the participation of government institutions, civil society and the private sector. All three sections are essential for sustainable human development. Political and legal environment creates fertile state, private sector and civil society engagement creates employment and income, political and social activist groups to participate in economic activities, facilitate social and political.
Indicators of good governance are the work of three researchers at the World Bank's Daniel Kaufmann, Art rental Zvydv Pablo Lvbatvna. These researchers, on the basis of the findings of various international institutions such as the Heritage Foundation and Freedom House about the economic, political and social subjects, has introduced new indices as indicators of governance. The World Bank's presents the good governance on the base of six indicators.
In this study, using the eviews 6 software package and ordinary least squares method to evaluate the effect of good governance index on economic growth will be discussed. The data of indicator of good governance based on studies done by Mr. Kaufmann and others can be obtained from the World Bank. The economic growth statistics is offered via of the WDI source annually for all countries that is published by the World Bank, have been obtained.
Study period covers the years 2012-2000 .The results show that over time increase the quality of governance a five percent GDP growth for the countries studied and other variables can explain the three percent of changes of GDP growth rate.

Ethics in economics means an interpretation of economics and economic issues that concerns moral dimension for realistic explanation of economic behaviors.
Focusing on the case study of citrus producers, we analyze benefit reduction of producers when they act immorally. We use a descriptive and certain quantitative method, in this approach.
The immoral action by producers leads to reduction of their benefits in long-run. Economic insight with regard to long-run benefit, will bind producers to act morally, whether there is a moral prescription or not.
Acting moral will benefit to producers. Benefit-base insight (Utilitarian ethics) in economic agents is the best way for considering ethics in economics to increase benefit.

Enter in capitalist economic theory and analysis, decoding and scientific critique of capitalist economists thought, is the first step in the design and implementation of a development model based on Islamic values. Interest is the basis concept in capitalist financial system that in the research explain and critique the nature and necessity of it in the ideas of economic thinkers in the West. Evaluation historical process of usury and convert it to interest in the West shows that until the 13th century the teachings and beliefs of the church's governing and had been rejected interest that accordance with the usury, but dominate the human thoughts without backing to revelation has caused to the detriment of church and in favor of usury change. Eventually led to economic theorists in the West to prove the necessity of interest in economic. In this regard, classical economic theorists, the theory of productive capital and money on the supply side and structure of consumption pattern and time preference for the future on the demand side as the primary theory of positive interest have raised. The criticism that comes from these views is that firstly, in many of the arguments that have been used in the proof of interest necessity, have been confusing the issue and the justification of natural interest means to rate return on capital or profit and not contracts interest rate. Secondly, people's beliefs in valuation and amount of present and future goods play a major role on the demand side that denies origin of interest.

Ibn Khaldun, was four centuries before Adam Smith, he had different methodology to study on economic issues, such as the theory of production, consumption, distribution, income, utility, value, growth and development theory and the role of government in economy Historically, Ibn Khaldun is more worthy to be called the "father of economics" to Adam Smith.
In this paper we try to evaluate and study on the methodology and economic ideas of Ibn Kaldun.