مجله مطالعات اجتماعی ایران
سال هشتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 28، زمستان 1393)

In the paper we grapple with the difficult question of the meaning of global sociology. Guided by the ideas of Antonio Gramsci and Polanyi, we define sociology as the study of "society" from the standpoint of civil society. Global sociology, therefore, is the study of global capitalism and its political orders from the standpoint of an emergent global civil society. In an attempt to avoid the particular masquerading as the universal we organized lectures by distinguished sociologists located in different places in the planet to explore (1) the nature of neoliberal capitalism, (2) the logic of nation states and their relation to global political order, and (3) the possible emergence of a global civil society that might counter the expansion of markets.

This study investigates the relationship between religious orientation and marital satisfaction among married women who live in Najafabad and Fuladshahr, Isfahan, Iran. 757 women (381 respondents in Najafabad and 376 in Fuladshahr) married for at least 3 years answered both itemized questions about their religious orientations and their marital satisfaction. Results revealed that participants with higher levels of religious orientation reported higher levels of marital satisfaction. The present study sheds light on several aspects of family life cycle theory. These results suggest that religious orientation is linked, in theoretically predictable ways, to marital satisfaction.

This research tries to find the relationship between cultural capital and female teacher's attitudes towards gender discrimination. In this study, 600 female teachers from different zones of Shiraz were studied through a survey. Bourdieu’s theory considers gender discrimination in relation to different kinds of capitals among them cultural capital is considered thoroughly in this research. Cultural capital is measured by indexes such as educational level, participation in art-cultural communities, using cultural products, amount of studying, fields of sport, amount of using media, etc.
The research findings indicate that those who own more cultural capitals own more negative attitudes toward gender discrimination. Among the variables studied, marital situation and field of study had some meaningful relations with the dependant variable. In the logistical regression analysis with many variables performed by a step by step advancing technique, six other variables had the chance of intruding in the model, i.e. amount of using media, religiousness, sort of sport, class, field of education and the degree of familiarity with foreign languages. Among these variables, religiousness, class, and familiarity with foreign languages have the capability of predicting the changes of dependant variables directly. In other words, they explain most of the variance in the dependant variable.

The present study investigates the problem of youths’ tendency to watch pornography. The objective was to investigate the gender differences and some socio-cultural factors which contribute to the youth’s tendency to watch pornographic films. The research method was a survey and the data of the study was gathered through administering a questionnaire. The target population was the youth aged between 15-25 in Gachsaran city, Iran. Using Cochran formula, we chose 384 participants as the sample. Clustering random sampling was carried out and the data was analyzed using SPSS software. For testing the hypotheses, t-tests and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient were used. According to the results of the t-test, there was a significant differences between men and women according to dependent varable, and there was significant relationship between friendly relationships (as independent variable) and the tendency to watch pornography (dependant variable). Based on the results of Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient Test, there was a significant relationship between the variables of age, Internet use, religious beliefs, and leisure time as independent variables and the tendency to watch pornography as the dependent variable. Multiple regression analysis showed that independent variables (Internet use, religious beliefs, age, friendly relationship, and leisure time), totally, determined 32.6 percent of dependent variable variances. This coefficient was 34.01 percent for men and 31.12 percent for women.

In spite of vast empirical research concerning violent delinquency, researchers have not paid enough attention to the relationship between structural and control theories. This paper focuses on the structural and control theories and tries to combine these approaches to explain the aforesaid issues. Accordingly, self-report questionnaires were used in a sample of 400 male students in Ahwaz, which were chosen via multistage cluster method of sampling. The results showed that supervision, attachment and self-control mediate between socioeconomic status (SES) and violent delinquency. Supervision and attachment, in their own accord, had direct and indirect effect, via self-control, on violent delinquency.

The aim of this study is to examine factors that create capital (cultural, economic, and social) inequality for women in Fars province, Iran. Based on Bourdieu's theory as the theoretical frame and using survey as our research method, we developed a questionnaire to collect data. The sample consists of 1340 women in the urban areas of Fars province. We examined residence place, birthplace, age, marriage status, employment status, women's ethnicity as well as the ethnicity of their husbands and parents, and, finally, their parent's and husband's education to study capital inequality. Findings show that there is no significant difference between social capital of women by birthplace and parent's education. Also, there is no significant difference between economic and cultural capitals of women according to residence place, ethnicity of women and their husbands.

This research has investigated the relationship between organizational inequity perception and work ethic among employees of Islamic Azad University as the largest private organization in Iran. The research method is cross-sectional survey and the population includes all of the personnel of Islamic Azad Universities in Fars, Boushehr and Kohgiloye-Boyer Ahmad provinces. A sample of 481 respondents was drawn using simple random sampling method. The measurement tool was a questionnaire, including two scales. Construct-related validity was established through factor analysis and reliability was measured by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Descriptive research findings show that the personnel have a moderate work ethic, and that the perception of organizational inequity is high among the employees. The inferential findings show that there is a significant negative relationship between organizational inequity perception and work ethic. In other words, with an increase in organizational inequity perception there is a decrease in work ethic. The inferential findings also show that from among demographic variables, only age and job history have a significant relationship with work ethic. The prediction of the work ethic, based on the sum of independent variables, using multivariate regression analysis shows that only organizational inequity perception is the predictor of the work ethic, which can explain 0.089 of the variance of the work ethic.

This paper aims at comparing family value orientations of two generations aged 18-35 and 36-55. Through cluster sampling, 398 married individuals were randomly selected to participate in the study in Sabzevar city. Results indicate that there is a significant relationship between generation and family values with the older generation being more conservative of family values. The result of multiple regression analysis shows that the three independent variables of sex, education, and generation used in the model explain 32 percent of the variance in the dependent variable. It means that women with higher levels of education and members of younger generation are more liberal in their value orientations. These findings show that new generations accept more gender equity values in families. Gender is the most important predictor of value orientations, and education as an achieved feature has a great impact on the acceptance of new values.

This survey aims to investigate the main social gaps in Iran including ethnical gap, class gap and old/modern gap. After investigating these gaps, we will review their functions over 20 years. These gaps appeared at the beginning of the establishment of Islamic republic of Iran; however, with the outbreak of war, the ethnical and class gaps were inactive approximately. Meanwhile, the traditional/modern gap was prevalent among the politicians. After the war, the class gap appeared because of the economic policies affecting poor classes of the society. This gap led to the success of politicians. Moreover, the traditional/modern gap increased under the influence of cultural changes.
This survey explores the social gaps which formed the political conditions over two decades after the establishment of the Islamic revolution of Iran. These gaps make the internal interests of the society active and increase the political challenges and conflicts. Therefore, understanding the performance of these gaps can explain political activities in Iran including elections.