Journal Of Tourism And Hospitality Research
Volume:2 Issue: 4, Spring 2014

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the socio-cultural impacts of tourism on regional development. The statistical population in this study is Rasht citizens which 200 of them selected using simple random sampling technique and Cochran’s formula. The findings show that quality of life, public participation increase, lifestyle and cultural integration among the most effective socio-cultural factors of tourism on regional development. As the regression modeling confirmed, cultural integration with 0.46, lifestyle with 0.14, increasing the participation of local people with 0.52 and quality of life with 0.86 are among the most important socio-cultural impacts of tourism on regional development.

International efforts to preserve the natural environment are mainly concerned with large, bio-diverse and relatively untouched ecosystems or with individual animal or vegetal species, either endangered or threatened with extinction. Much less attention is being paid to that type of nature close to where people live and work, to small-scale green areas in cities and to their benefits to people. Increasing empirical evidence, however, indicates that the presence of natural areas contributes to the quality of life in many ways. Besides many environmental and ecological services, urban nature provides important social and psychological benefits to human societies, which enrich human life with meanings and emotions. The main concern of this paper is to address the importance of urban nature for citizens’ wellbeing and for the sustainability of the city they inhabit. Some results of a survey conducted among visitors of an urban park in Tabriz (The Netherlands) are presented and discussed. The issues investigated concern people’s motives for urban nature, the emotional dimension involved in the experience of nature and its importance for people’s general wellbeing. Results confirm that the experience of nature in urban environment is source of positive feelings and beneficial services, which fulfill important immaterial and non-consumptive human needs. Implications for the sustainability of the city will be analyzed and discussed.

Aim: there are some factors impacting on the intention of tourists to attend in an athletic event and their choice process. Every country, city, and athletic event offers products and services to attract tourists and every tourist can choose one of different destinations or events. This research was conducted with the aim to study the factors attracting tourists toward athletic events.
the present research was conducted using descriptive- survey method in the field form. The sample size consisted of 319 individuals (n=319) of tourists visiting Iranian national football teams competitions. In order to gather data, the Wimbledon questionnaire was employed. Its validity was confirmed by ten professors of Guilan University and ten tourism experts (it was previously determined to be %86 using Cronbachs Alpha technique). Research finding were analyzed at a significant (p ≤0. 05) employing binominal distribution test.
Findings: research findings indicated that factors of advocate motivation, and the destination and novelty are very important in attracting the tourists, while the factors of self- evolutionism was not considered as an effective one the presence of tourists in athletic events.
Conclusion and research results showed the factors of advocate motivation, the destination and novelty play an important role in the presence of tourists in our sport events, while the factor of self-evolutionism is not so important in this case. Thus, it is suggested that the motivations of tourists visiting our athletic events should be carefully studied and identified and considered in the planning in order to attract more tourists toward our sport events.

The city is a complex area that has capabilities that the tool of the areas that the plan is based on the quality of life and property location, But it''s also a lifestyle that determines local architectural aesthetics and potential that can be exploited through tourist activities. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of urban tourism and the elements of a system of urban tourism, which will be identifying characteristics city close breaker, by creating a tourism product, with the relationship between city tourism and urbanization in order to determine the quality of the sites. These elements as a case study in Tabriz, the city ranks first in the country with a low tourism function are applied, with a mixed industrial and economic profile. This type of city has an urban tourism system which starts to take shape and, according to the theory of «overlapping cities», although there are many forms of tourism in a city (cultural, business, shopping, sports tourism, visiting relatives and friends and recreational tourism), Tabriz focuses on the typology of the city for festivals, business, leisure and sport, as a strategy for the tourism sector development and for entering the tourism market of Iran.

Concerning the revenue, today tourism industry is placed in the third position of world industries and countries have tried greatly in order to improve this industry. During recent years, between sub-fields of tourism, ecotourism has become considerably important. Despite of high potential of our country in holding ecotourism tours and the importance of roles and operation of ecotourism guides, so concerning the importance of their roles in presenting services and protection of environment and also lack of consideration to the subjects which is related to ecotourism guides, tourism literature in this research is concerning the evaluation of abilities of ecotourism guides. In this research by using conceptual theory and interviewing g with experts, abilities of guides were recognized and 25 cases of abilities were chosen. Then the ecotourism guides of Tehran province were asked to evaluate the importance of each case in questionnaire with the 5 point Likert scale. The sample of 100 people with accidental simple sampling was chosen. For analyzing the data and evaluating the importance of abilities, the Binominal and Friedman tests were used. Findings of research reveal that abilities including «responsibility and loyalty», «secretary of tourist''s personal information and protector of them», «self-confidence and decisiveness», «performing the moral and legal commitments on tour” are prioritized as competencies which are necessary for an ecotourism.

Persian Gulf is the most important Middle East southern region strategic water way that history has regarded by world powers from the most ancient to now. Among regions which know in Middle East as independent and separate geopolitics regions, Persian Gulf provides a geopolitics region single model. Persian Gulf and its islands have many tourism attractions. In addition to oil and gas resources and energy establishments, different oral and industrial aquatics, nice jungles have special beaches that attract thousands inside and outside tourists annually. So developing tourism industry and two – and multi – dimension cooperation reach stable development, in Addison to economical nourishment and regional correlation in Persian Gulf area countries.

War has been changed everything in the history of humanity. Modern aspects of war doesn''t limit to the civilians and combatants, rather it has a widespread impact on the routine lives of individuals. The direct impact of armed conflicts is on the battlefield however the most serious impacts are indirect. Tourism industry is one the fields that armed conflicts have indirect impact on it. Because of the disaster of war thousands of people lost their jobs and unemployment comes as a serious challenge of states. Psychological impacts of armed conflicts have direct impacts on the mind of tourists and because of that the countries which involved in an armed conflict many years after the end of war see its destructive impacts on their industries especially tourism industry. Terrorism is another effective factor on tourism industry. The impact of terrorists on tourism industry is greater than classical armed conflicts. As we observe the situation of Iraq and Syria as the countries which directly involved in the challenge of fighting against Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS).

The accurate touch of life and living environment for every child is a requirement of growth. Adolescence period is between childhood (period of irresponsibility, irrationality and movements with many variable errors) and youth (a period in which individual shall enter the community and acquire many experiences and knowledge, in which the formed personality hardly changes). Tourism is an item promoting and completing this growth (Anderson, 1997). Since the developed countries perform the scientific and practical plans for this age range for having the specialist, aware, self-reliant youngsters but neither is there a system in Iran working in this range and giving us the living information, education and skills, nor does they have found out the value of this importance. They include the natural and wild sections, ecofarm and enclosed workshop space, and may solve the current problems of societies such as parents’ business, lack of good entertainment facilities and high expenses of travel for families which cause many parents in different reasons can’t provide suitable entertainment and amusement for their children. The results show that because many adults acquire knowledge in adulthood and they are not institutionalized in their origin, they will face problem in practice; therefore, they fail to undertake management position of a related system while childhood structure of a child will form correctly in terms of the environment, travel, nature and the child identity by developing the tourism and ecotourism schools so that they may progress in adulthood for sustainable development as an individual or citizen. Therefore, it is necessary for this age range to have a professional center. Even if we are willing to manage schools with a scientific approach, better we guide our children to a green and knowledgebase future and jobs as tourism and ecotourism schools are a good field for this purpose.

After the Islamic Revolution, Iran got the 48th place in the list of attracting the foreign tourists, in 2013 by having 4 million and 700 thousands foreign tourist (UNWTO, 2013). Having no brand in tourism has been always an apprehension of authorities and activists of this industry, so with no excitement and by having a systematic and scientific approach, the present study assessed the role of factors such as top quality, better service and more attraction in management of tourism brand, through surveying the main three elements of management of tourism brand which are “brand identity, brand mentality and brand positioning; the goal of this study was compilation of tourism marketing strategies. To realize this, the researcher used “foreign tourists which visit ancient and popular sites” as the statistical population and “convenience sampling” as the method of research. Friedman tests, factor analysis and regression were used for studying the differences, ranking the factors and surveying the amount of each factor’s effect on Iran’s tourism industry. The result of this research showed that the factor of tourists’ perception, cognition and attitude toward the destination was the most important factor on attracting tourists through national tourism brand.