مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تربت حیدریه
سال دوم شماره 4 (زمستان 1393)

Alcohol and drug consumption are among the most important health challenges throughout the world including Iran. Due to limited information about this topic, the aim of this study is to determine the predictors of drugs and drinking alcohol among students.
In this descriptive study, 201 male students of high school in Najaf Abad city (Isfahan) were selected through multistage cluster random sampling method. Data were collected through two questionnaires of Risk and Protective Factors Inventory (RAPI) and Youth Risk Behavior questionnaire (YRBQ) and analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses.
The results show that there is a significant correlation between drinking alcohols during lifetime and all 12 components of Risk and Protective Factors Inventory (RAPI) questionnaire. In addition, the relationship between tendency to drink alcohol with attitudes toward drug use, commitment to school and family monitoring was significant as well.
Also the multiple regression analysis showed that alcohol consumption component is predictable by attitudes toward drug abuse, commitment to school and parental attitudes to drug abuse with 64% of variances. Also attitudes toward drug abuse, impulsivity and parental attitudes to drug abuse have predicted the tendency to drink alcohol with 12% of variances.
Considering the results, alcohol consumption in adolescents occurs in various individual, family, school and social levels. Therefore, preventive interventions should be considered in order to control and quitting drinking alcohol.

Despite the socio-economic development of communities and control of many infectious diseases, Tuberculosis (TB) has remained as one of the most important reasons of death and disability in developing countries. Considering the unknown epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in the city of Torbat Heydariyeh, this study was conducted to assess epidemiological status of TB during 2010-2012.
This study is a cross-sectional study which is carried out on patients who were referred to health centers in Torbat Heydariyeh city during 2010-2012. Obtained data were registered in a pre-designed form. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics using SPSS 21 software.
Of total of 1874 TB suspected patients referred to health centers in city of Torbat Heydariyeh, 67 cases of TB were diagnosed by direct examination or culture. Of all the referred clients, 1031 (55%) were female and 843 (45%) were male and their age ranged between 2 to 90 years with a mean age of 50 years old. 58% of clients were lived in rural areas. Based on the clinical demonstration, 97% of patients had pulmonary tuberculosis and the others had non-pulmonary TB. Most cases of non-pulmonary tuberculosis observed in the lymph nodes. In overall, 4859 slides were examined which 150 of smear slide were positive.
Considering the results, there is a need for patient screening in age group of 65 years and above. Furthermore, it is recommended to inform people about TB using mass media and holding educational workshops on screening and early diagnosing of the disease.

Drug addiction is a complex disease that has the fourth place in death rate after accidents, stroke and burn in our country. Although non-pharmaceutical methods have an important role in addiction treatment, there is limited information about the advantages of them. This study is carried out to investigate the impact of client education in the NA meetings on tendency to use drugs.
This study is a clinical trial study which people were randomly selected and divided into two control and intervention groups. The tools include two demographic and tendency to use the drugs standard questionnaires. The intervention group participated in 12 sessions of 90 minutes in Narcotics Anonymous meetings and after 3 months the results of pre and post intervention in both groups were compared.
The results showed that the average age of participants was 33.54±9.3. Most of the participants had high school diploma degree. The most used drug was Opium. The participation of clients in the Narcotics Anonymous meetings was effective on tendency to use drugs (p=0.002).
Based on the results, Education in the NA meetings probably results in fewer tendencies to use drugs. Therefore, organizations and responsible centers should support the clients to continue addiction treatment by holding the meetings in a better condition.

Nowadays despite the significant progress of medical science, there are still a lot of unintended harms which threat patients and users of health services all around the world. This study has been conducted to investigate the patient safety culture in hospitals of Jiroft city.
This is a cross-sectional/descriptive-analytical study which was carried out on 295 staffs of hospitals in Jiroft city in 2014 by census method. Data are collected by Hospital Survey on Patient Safety culture (HSOPS) Questionnaire. Moreover, data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent T-test and chi square tests using SPSS 18.
225 of the participants of present study were female (76.3%) and the rest were male with the mean age of 33.31 years. The result of this study showed that patient safety culture is in a moderate state. In terms of the patient safety culture, there is no significant statistical difference among hospitals.
hospital's managers should adopt suitable approaches and policies to promote the patient safety culture.

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between work-Related musculoskeletal disorders and level of physical activity and body posture of dentists in Mashhad.
The standardized Nordic questionnaire was used to record the history of musculoskeletal disorders cases. Also imaging and scoring were done using RULA method to determine the final score of people adopted posture during the work. To analyze data, Pearson correlation test was used to identify the relationship between variables.
The findings of this study showed that in the past year, more than 90 percent of dentists had discomfort at least at one part of their bodies. 56.3% of complaints were related to neck and shoulder pain. The results of RULA technique showed that 94% of dentists are above average risk range that 60% of the dentists required definite ergonomic measures and 34% of them required essential ergonomic measures. Moreover, there was a significant negative relationship between physical activity and Musculoskeletal disorders) r = -0.79).
To prevent musculoskeletal disorders, it is necessary to recognize the unsafe positions, applying suitable ergonomic tools, and introducing specific sports to overcome stressful situation.

Gastric malignancies have the fourth place among the most prevalent cancers. In many cancers, overexpressing of HER2/neu gene has been observed with a poor prediction. Up to now, there is a little information about the duplication of HER2/neu gene in gastric cancer using MLPA method. The present study aimed to investigate the frequency of mutations resulting from amplification of HER2/neu gene using MLPA technique in the patients with gastric cancer.
This is a descriptive study which carried out on 60 samples of tissue block obtained from gastric cancer patients with endoscopic and surgical history between 1376-1391 years in Afzalipoor health centers to investigate the deletion and insertion mutations in HER2/neu.
The study population consisted of 73.3% females and 26.7% males with the mean age of 62.71. Overall, the frequency of the amplification of HER2/neu gene in the low and high levels was 10% and 3.3%, respectively.
It seems that, the amplification frequency of HER2/neu gene in men is more than women. However, it is recommended to conduct further studies.

Hospital has an important role during unexpected and disastrous situation. Nurses as the largest group of health care providers can play important role in this field through increasing their knowledge and awareness level. This study was conducted to determine the effect of education on nurse’s awareness about disaster management.
This was a quasi-experimental study conducted on all nurses employed at the Oil Great Hospital of Ahwaz in 2013. The subjects were selected through systematic random sampling. The reliability of questionnaire was confirmed by obtaining Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.88. The data were analyzed statistically in the SPSS software.
The results of this study showed that the level of nurses’ awareness about disaster management and their approach to this issue had significantly differed after the educational intervention (P=0.002). Also, the disaster management education was effective on nurse's awareness to manage disastrous situation (P=0.002). In addition, there was a significant relation between attending educational sessions (P=0.002) and some other variables with nurse's awareness level.
Based on the findings of research and the need for nurse's awareness about disastrous situation, establishment of preparation maneuvers, educational programs, and appropriate coordination and connections with the relative organizations are recommended.

All around the world, underground water resources are a major part of supplying drinking water due to high quality, easy access, low cost and no need for complicated treatment. On the other hand, lack of proper management can transfer chemical pollutants through industrial and agricultural effluents. In this study, the chemical quality of rural drinking water supplies in Neyshabour city was investigated.
In this study, 83 wells which were used to supply drinking water of rural area of Neyshabour city were selected through census. Samples were sent to laboratory and tested using standard methods. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19 and AquaChem 2012 software.
The results of the SAR index showed that out of 83 studied wells, 58 wells are poor, 21 wells are moderate and only four wells are in good situation. According to the corrosion and scaling indices, water in most of the studied wells was classified as corrosive. Considering the standards of drinking water in Iran, the concentrations of nitrite, nitrate and TDS in studied supplies were acceptable. The Cl- and Na ions concentration of 14 wells increase concerns about the saline taste of drinking water. The main forms of alkalinity in studied wells were carbonate and bicarbonate and the water hardness is mainly temporary due to the probable presence of calcium and magnesium ions.
Due to the important role of underground resources in country, continuous evaluation should be considered to prevent them from chemical polluting. It seems that land use monitoring and applying chemical fertilizers in proper distance from water resources in order to maintain the quality is essential.