فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناسی بالینی
پیاپی 21 (زمستان 1394)

Cognitive bias modification refers to the change of specific style of cognitive processing that seems to be involved in the disorders or unpleasant emotional reactions. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive bias modification on reducing the severity of obsessive compulsive disorder. For this purpose, the available sample of 60 students with obsessive compulsive disorder has been selected. The research design was a semi-experimental design and pretest-posttest design with a control group. Participants in this study completed the Maudsly Obsessional Compulsive Inventory, Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, and Obsessional Beliefs Questionnaire. Results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that (1) the cognitive bias modification reduces the severity of obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms, obsessive beliefs, and obsessive behaviors. (2) Cognitive bias modification is more effective than group cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing the severity of obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms, obsessive beliefs, and obsessive behaviors. With regard to this finding, we can propose all psychotherapists use of cognitive bias modification therapy that is cost-effect and empirically supported as a new and easy to use in the treatment of symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder.

The aim of this research was to present the life satisfaction path analysis predictive model Predictive Model of Life Satisfaction based on positive psychology constructs. For this purpose, 100 employees of Tehran University were selected by multiple cluster sampling method. The instruments used in this study were spiritual well-being, religiosity, hope, optimism, self-esteem, self-efficacy and life satisfaction. The collected data were analyzed using LISREL 7/8 by path analysis method. Results showed that that in the first presented model only, some indexes were fitted. So the modified model showed better fitting through data. Results indicated that spirituality; religiosity, hope, self-esteem, and self-efficacy variables have significant direct relationship with life satisfaction. Also, there is a significant indirect relationship between spirituality and religiosity with life satisfaction through hope, optimism, self-esteem, and self-efficacy variables. There was not significant relationship between gender, marital and economic status with life satisfaction. Finally in this research the role of positive psychology constructs were confirmed in life satisfaction that this finding indicates the importance of positive psychology constructs in life satisfaction.

The aim of this study was the comparison of cognitive processes (working memory and response inhibition) in methamphetamine-dependent individuals. The design of the present study is causal-comparative. The study population was all methamphetamine-dependent individuals and normal participants at Ilam. The sampling method of current research was available sampling. Participants consist of 30 methamphetamine-dependend and 30 normal participants. The color-word Stroop test (type PC) was performed for assessing response inhibition and for assessing working memory and evaluating subtest Wechsler memory span data(computer type) was used. The data were analyzed by multivariate analyses of variance. Results showed that theperformance of methamphetamine-dependent individuals in components digits span was significantly different from the normal group. Also, methamphetamine-dependent individuals in the performance of response inhibition was significantly different from normal, but the components of congruent reaction time and incongruent reaction time and components without incongruent response no significant difference was observed between the two groups. Results showed that the methamphetamine-dependence has significant influence on working memory and inhibitory responses.

Drug addiction as an infelicitous social phenomenon has many detrimental effects including stress on the substance user and his family and specifically his wife. What makes health behavior at risk is the assessment of stress and ways of coping with it. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of hope therapy on employ positive coping with stress strategies in wives of addicted men. The present study is a quasi-experimental with design of pre-test and post- test with control group and follow-up. This study was performed on 30 wives of addicted men in Shiraz city based on available sampling and randomly included in two groups of experiment (n=15) and control (n=15). Coping with Stress Inventory (Carver, Schier & Weintrap, 1989) was used as measurement instrument. Data were analyzed using t-test and analysis of covariance by SPSS 17 software.The results showed that the hope therapy can effect on the use of positive coping with stress at a level of significance less than 0/001. These results were stable during follow up period.According to the results of present research, can use of hope therapy as one ways to help wives of addicted men for employing the positive coping strategies for their stress.

In a psychological perspective, voting as a political behavior can be considered as expressing social attitude in political settings. These political attitudes are revealed by arguments rooting from the level of involvements which, in turn, are raised from and directed by the participants’ needs and ideals. Two functions of attitudes have been proposed; utilitarian function and value-expressive function, which, accordingly, produce two kinds of involvements: outcome relevant involvement and value relevant involvement. In a qualitative research, 345 participants who had participated in at least one period of presidential election, were interviewed about their participation reasons, motivations, and the expectations from elected president. Over 3000 statements as arguments were gathered and analyzed for variables in question. 609 arguments were extracted and fitted in to a two by two table, according to types and levels of involvements. Results showed a pattern of argumentative orientation can be distinguished. The orientations are called as, Expertise, Committed, Need Seeking, and the Character-driven. These orientations seek civil demands, cultural-ideological demands, economy-living demands, and psychological demands, accordingly.

The complex nature of borderline personality disorder, review and development of new treatments will be required. This study aimed at intervening the subjective well-being and reducing impulsive behaviors of men with borderline personality disorder: Efficiency and effectiveness cognitive analytic therapy was administered. This was a pilot study and pre-test and post-test follow-up were used as controls. Population in this study was all of the men with borderline personality disorder admitted to a psychiatric hospital and psychiatric clinic in 2013 in Kermanshah perfect form.Using purposive sampling, based on the referring neurologist, 40 male patients with borderline personality disorder, the 50 patients referred to psychiatric clinics, psychiatric hospitals, Farabi, according to the admission of the patient to participate in the study, in the first place and clinical interview (SCID-II) based on DSM-IV, and 3 million tests were selected. That was, the men referred to those who score higher than (BR>84) on a scale of borderline personality MCMI-III. This collection of instruments, including the Structured Clinical Interview for personality disorders, mental Wellbeing scale, and impulsiveness test was 3 million. Both the pre-test, post-test and two-month follow-up was performed for statistical analysis of data from multivariate analysis of covariance was used. Findings of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that psychological therapy - Analysis of the Improving social Wellbeing, emotional, and psychological and decrease impulsiveness is effective in men with borderline personality disorder. Data analysis revealed that post-test and follow-up between the control and experimental groups, the social Wellbeing, emotional, psychological, and impulsiveness there are significant differences. According to our findings, cognitive - a method of analysis strategies for improving social Wellbeing, emotional, and psychological and reduce impulsiveness in patients with borderline personality disorder and it can be a suitable intervention profit search.

The aim of this research was to analyze the effectiveness of the cognitive-behavioral group therapy on social anxiety, social self-efficiency and rumination of female students. This was an experimental study (pre-test, post-test and follow-up with control group plan). By using a simple random sampling method, out of 338 female students with the age range of 20-29 using Watson & Friend Social Anxiety Questionnaire (SAQ), Self-efficiency Questionnaire for Social Situations (SESS) and Rumination Responses Scale (RRS) and the eligible individuals diagnostic interview(having social anxiety diagnostic cut-off score) based on DSM-IV-TR,16 subjects have been selected and randomly placed in two groups of experimental and control (8 for each group).The experimental group received 8 cognitive-behavioral group therapy sessions, but control group did not undergo any special treatment. Two months after treatment termination, follow-up has been conducted. Subjects in both groups before and after the intervention, and two-month follow-up questionnaire, SAQ, SESS, RRS completed. To analyze data, descriptive statistical methods and covariance analysis test have been applied. The covariance analysis test results showed that there was a meaningful difference between the mean scores of social anxiety, social self-efficiency and rumination of the two groups (control& experiment). Also, results showed a significant difference in a two-month follow-up (p

With due attention to appearing new forms of relationships before marriage among young people in recent years, the aim of this study was to discover the causes and motivations of people to choose this way of life. The qualitative methodology was selected as the dominant methodology. Snowball sampling was used to find samples. Data were collected from 23 men and women who engaged in a cohabiting, they were interviewed in semi-structured manner. Results of the interviews were divided into several categories. Major of participants lived in Bandar Abbas, Kerman and Tehran. After analyzing the data with an interpretive approach, six main categories were elicited as the reasons of youth trends to cohabitation: ready for marriage and concern about its results, the financial benefits, emotional and sexual needs, concerns about the results of divorce, a decrease in supervisory and support role of family and compatibility test and trial for marriage. The slow and creeping spread of cohabiting, high divorce rates, emotional and sexual infidelity, and the prevalence of Western-style relationships settled before marriage threaten all Iranian families. And solving these problems needs a serious commitment on the macro-level officials and experts to review the employment policy, economy, entrepreneurship, TV programs, education in higher levels and cultural policies.

Because of the dominance of positivistic approaches in psychology, exploring the subjective experiences of patients neglected, it is more prominent in patients with schizophrenia. The present researchers understand the meaning of their lived experience and their perception of themselves. Recently, researchers have emphasized the importance of first-person’s information of patients. This study was conducted to understand the self-experience in schizophrenia. This was a qualitative case study (phenomenological design). Since the purpose of the research was the study of lived experience of participant, the phenomenological method used in this study. Participant was selected using purpose-oriented sampling. He is male, 36 years and with chronic schizophrenia. In-depth semi-structured interviews were recorded. External resources and participation records were also analyzed. Texts were analyzed by interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) method. The main themes include: the timing and location of self -experience, decreased agency, self -metaphor and mirror and physical aversion. The findings were approved theories of psychoanalysis, narrative and dialogical self.