مجله راهور
پیاپی 14 (پاییز 1394)

Traffic accidents in Iran is one of the most important public health issues is to identify the causal element in reducing the burden arising from their effective intervention in the prevention of them play an effective role. This study aimed to evaluate the main human risk factors facing urban roads in 2014. September until the end of February 2004 the first time in 5 main axis of the suburban country were enrolled in a census. In this study, using univariate analysis and logistic regression adjusted for possible confounding variables, the odds ratio of death for any of these risk factors was human. In this study, using univariate analysis and logistic regression adjusted for possible confounding variables, the odds ratio of death for any of these risk factors was human. For this purpose, a questionnaire by trained experts accidents and after the 8-hour training course was completed. Former main variables to determine the probability of a normal distribution for confounding variables with distribution F was used. From 1160 sample studied, 924 patients (6/79 percent) driver, 218 cases (18.8 percent) and 18 passengers (6.1 percent) were pedestrians. The most important risk factors affecting human deaths from road traffic injuries among the general population and the drivers are speeding (5 / 37-38 / 2CI :, 95%) 4 / 9OR =, overtaking allowed (3 / 42-84 / 1, CI: 95%) 8 / 8OR = and fatigue and sleepiness (2 / 27-86 / 1CI :, 95%) 1 / 7.OR = None of the risk factors associated with the accident of time and place between the arrival of emergency since the accident, Kilometers, starting the journey, the distance traveled by continuing to crash, away from the city after the accident, day of week and type of person to hospital in the analysis of univariate or multivariate statistical significant effect on deaths due to traffic accidents. Finally, with regard to the central role of human factors in traffic accidents, the need for more control accident full behaviors including speeding, illegal overtaking and fatigue and sleepiness, according to the findings of this study is felt.

Transportation network, under the effect of some external or internal factors, can encounter drop in performance and traffic flow instability. To provide effective parameters and a solution to improve status of the network and to upgrade the qualitative and quantitative situation of network arcs, in the mentioned modes, is a remedial act. In this paper, a hypothetical transportation network is analyzed in terms of the crisis. This hypothetical network includes 52 nodes and 40 arcs. For this network an index will provide in the crisis conditions that specifies averagely how many injured people can be relieved. The index is analyzed by Using Monte Carlo simulation and Daykastra algorithm. In each stage some of the network arcs are assumed to be randomly disconnected; if all path arcs that are connected, the path will be connected and disconnected otherwise. There is an effort to calculate two types of significance coefficient for each arc, which will show its significance over other arcs. Finally, given each one of significance coefficient of arcs, the best paths for connecting relief centers to injured areas are specified, so that after the crisis, it would be clear which paths need more attention and, for example, if it is necessary to have police forces to keep the paths open, these pathsa take priority over other paths. After selecting paths, given each one of significance coefficients, the rate of change in the proposed access index has been calculated, and finally, of two types of significance coefficient, one of them will be applied in specifying relief paths as the more important significance coefficient.

Clustering of road accident data by using data mining algorithms lead to derive a set of rules that can be used by traffic police and organizations such as transportation terminals and highway engineers to improve road safety. In this study to implement data mining techniques, Standard Model CRISP- DM is used. The required data includes 14960 accidents of Karaj- Chaloos road during 90- 93 year. For clustering, K-means, Kohonen and Two Step algorithms is used. In order to ensure data correlation with the severity of road accidents we use Apriori correlation model and finally to analyze the severity of accidents on roads classification and regression tree model (C & R tree) is used. The results of the clustering model indicates that the variables contributing in road accidentincluding geometry, accident location, direction of the way, lining the road, the shoulder of the road, road surface conditions, location and type of repairs procedures respectively. The results of the correlation model indicate that among tree accident type (injury, death and damage) the most percentage of accident type is regarded as damage.Classification and Regression Tree algorithm. Results show the percentage degree of each variable that lead to three accident type that the most important is existence of vision obstruct.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of undergraduate courses in the Tehran city on the performance of traffic police officers in viewpoint of experts 2010. The Researcher using the survey population with bachelor's degrees and master's and specialist officers in the field of traffic accidents how are serving in the 22 districts of Tehran collected, information on the base of calculation of sample size (n = 220), for data analysis and test hypotheses, and tai chi Kendall tests was used. Results and findings show that in viewpoint of Officers and Heads of regions there is a meanigfull relation emong the extent of interest, the quality of specialized courses, learning undergraduate courses with the efficiency level, performance, capabilitiy and expertise of participants in specialized courses in performing duties With regard to the results of the study all of the six hypothesis were confirmed.

Injuries caused by traffic accidents, public health is a big issue for effective and sustainable prevention requires a collaborative effort. To this end, using psychological factors, the proposed model was to reduce traffic accidents. In order to achieve this model with descriptive retrospective of the drivers of four-wheeled rides, 409 patients were randomly selected drivers (drivers who crash were 208 people and 201 others were drivers who had 3 or more years of accident) . This group of tests, accuracy Bonardel, personality characteristics related to driving, testing, and reaction time were studied demographic questionnaire. After obtaining the average effective psychological injuries, including factors such as age, number of fine, normal accuracy, distraction, self-made, the model includes measures of primary prevention (early psychological examination), secondary prevention measures (drivers who commit traffic accidents are repeated, the tests are accurate and character. And, if necessary, participate in courses to improve these areas) and tertiary prevention measures (as opposed to for drivers who participate in behavior modification programs, again with the accident, restrictions on driving is taken into account .

Risk is that taken actions at decisive moment. Risk is influenced by variety factors and variables of individual and social. This article is inspired from the theoretical model of Ulrich Beck, Anthony Giddens and is recognized social factors that influence on driving risk. According to Giddens, risks are unintended consequence of individuals’ actions that can be done in conditions awareness. While Beck believes that risks are occurred in the context of unawareness and its influencing factors are globalization and Individualization. Statistical sample, 330 drivers in the city of Tehran was chosen using Cochran formula and Classification sampling method and data were collected using survey method and technique of questionnaire. The results indicate that the average of likely to face to driving risk among respondents is low. Results of this study generally confirm significant correlation between driving risk with individualization, weak and reverse correlation with globalization from this aspect confidence to experts and was observed no correlation between driving risks and globalization in aspect the using of communication instruments. The results indicate that globalization also with individualization has a significant correlation. The significant mean difference was not observed in between groups with different education level and marital status in the face of the risks of driving. Also was observed weak and inverse correlation between risk of driving and age.