نشریه هوزان
سال یکم شماره 2 (فروردین و اردیبهشت 1395)

Job stress is one of the most important factors of creates the physical and psychological effects, as well as job dissatisfaction among the employees, which can reduce the quality of services provided. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between job stress and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among the hospital employees covered by the Golestan University of Medical Sciences in 2014. The study is a cross-sectional analysis and participants consisted of 94 hospital employees who had been selected randomly. Data were collected by Nordic General and Osipow standard job stress questionnaires and, they were analysis by SPSS software, version 19 and statistical T-Test. Results According to the findings, the average stress score subjects which studied was 159±77.24. The results revealed that 6.38% staff had mild job stress, 68.9% mild to moderate job stress, and 24.47% of employees had moderate to high job stress and none of the employees had high job stress. There was no significant relationship between job stress and musculoskeletal disorders of the neck, shoulders, back, elbows, hands and wrists, but the relationship between stress and musculoskeletal disorders of waist was significant (P=0.03). The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in computer users in the hospitals studied was high and stress in the workplace can be an important factor in the pathogenesis of this disorder.

nvironmental impact assessment is the view of executive for sustainable development. In addition, population growth and increasing waste production has attracted the attention of environmental experts. The environmental assessment is also required for locate of optimal site landfill. The aim of this systematic review is survey of environmental impact assessment methods of Sanitary landfill. This research was a study of systematic review. In order for assess, was referred to the information available on the internet systems and science, national and international information base and all published articles about assess the environmental impact of landfill was recorded and revised. According to the strategies of study, 79 articles were selected that, 37 Articles due to be unrelated removed and 42 articles examined. Among the reviewed English articles used To assess the environmental impact of landfill 9 Articles of method Life Cycle Analysis, 2 Articles of method AHP, 3 Articles of method Rapid impact assessment matrix, 2 Articles of method multi-criteria method, 1 Delphi Article of method Approach. Among the reviewed Persian articles used to assess the environmental impact of landfill 4 Articles of the Leopold matrix method, 3 Articles of Analytical Hierarchy Process, 1 Article of Manavati method, all of which are common methods for evaluation. In most studies reviewed Life Cycle Assessment methods and Leopold matrix is used to assess the environmental impact of landfill. Leopold matrix method has been considered more by researchers and experts due to high accuracy, survey in the construction and operation phases, using two-dimensional tables to express the effects of a landfill project on the environment, Locate suitable for landfill, and finally voted selected location for landfill.

Health care and improve the indicators of physicochemical water swimming pools to maintain health and welfare of people is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate water quality 4 pools Boroujerd City, compare the results with standard and offer solutions for improving water quality. In this cross-sectional study, 6 samples of water every pool in every two weeks when using the maximum number of swimmers, were taken from surface and various depths of water base of standard method. Then samples were transferred to a reference laboratory for analysis In compliance with standard conditions. The physicochemical indicators amount (Temperature, turbidity, pH, free residual chlorine, total hardness, mineral oil on the surface, alkalinity, conductivity and total dissolved solids) And microbial indicators (Fecal coliforms, E. coli, fecal streptococci) Were determined using standard methods and were analyzed. To analyze the results were used of Excel Software and descriptive statistics in tables and graphs appropriate. The results showed that amount of free residual chlorine, pH, turbidity, hardness, alkalinity, temperature and total dissolved solids 83.33%, 100%, 54.16%, 37.5%, 12.5%, 54.16% and 100% have been desirable respectively. There not has been observed fat and floating oil. As well as Based on the results of microbiological tests fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and fecal bacteria in all samples was zero. According to the results in all studied swimming pools, health indicators are desirable. In some cases physicochemical parameters are not in the standard range, therefore requires persistent monitoring.

Application of pesticides to maintaining or improving of the quality of agricultural products has developed a lot in recent decades. Large-scale use of pesticides and Lack of awareness of health and safety hazards of those has created many concerns in production process, Application, and how to elimination and remove pesticides from contaminated surfaces and poisoning in the agricultural field. Aware of the knowledge and attitude of personnel about of health and safety has an important role to plan and control of safety management activities. The aim of the study is to assessing the rate of knowledge, attitude and practice of farmers and gardeners in Safety issues of working with pesticides in the agricultural sector in West Azarbaijan. This descriptive cross-sectional survey was performed among farmers and gardeners in West Azerbaijan province in the first half of 1394. In this study, 290 organized questionnaires were distributed among the farmers. Validity and reliability was confirmed by experts and Cronbach's alpha test. Analysis of the data was performed using SPSS20 by Chi-square test and Excel. the study has shown that the majority of farmers (98%) believe that pesticides can have serious adverse effects on health, 94% of farmers knew pesticides as a guarantee for higher quality and productivity of product. In spite of the most of the farmers aware of the adverse effects of pesticides on human, but 53.7% of them didn’t use of personal protective equipment. Among workers who had used personal protective equipment, 44.78%, 46.27%, 18.66%, 6% of them used boots, helmets, covers and masks, respectively. The uncomfortable (62.76%) and unavailability (15.17%) were two obstacles for using personal protective equipment. Results showed that there is high awareness of adverse effects of pesticides, but there is a little awareness of how to use of the personal protective equipment. Also secondary contamination of protective equipment should be considered as an important matter on health of individuals who do not have direct exposure. Training farmers and gardeners Associated with safety by considering comfortability and convenience is given priority.

Carbon footprint is a set of greenhouse gas emissions from a service or product throughout their lifespan, and a scale for measure the impact of human activities on the environment. In this study, the carbon footprint of Abyek cement plant was measured. the carbon footprint measurements in Abyek cement plant (by Testo 350 XL) and finally reduction strategies were developed. Sampling methods based on US EPA and environmental protection agency in Iran methods. Results Based on the results of this study, the temperature and velocity outlet gas is effective on the carbon footprint of the plant. As the outlet gas temperature increases, speed increases too, thus, increase the amount of carbon footprint. Based on equations IPCC, emission rate from plant is about 412674 tons as carbon dioxide per year. The amount per hour is 47109 kg as carbon footprint approximately. This study showed that the detection process can be created short route for codify contrast policies to deal with greenhouse gases. Because carbon dioxide is not a pollutant gas, thus, national and international standards is not defined for its.