نشریه مدیریت ارتقای سلامت
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 19، خرداد و تیر 1395)

Figure rating and body appreciation assessment in physically active and sedentary females could encourage exercise participation. The aim of this study was to determine the figure rating and body appreciation in sedentary and those women present in sport activities from Tabriz City.
This was a descriptive study conducted on 453 females from Tabriz at 2015. In total, 133 trainer and 321 sedentary females completed the exercise behavior questionnaire, “Muscle Dimorphic Disorder Inventory”, “Photographic Figure Rating Scale” (PFRS) and “Body Appreciation Scale”. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were α=0.84, α=0,82, α=0,83 and α=0,79 respectively. The data were analyzed using SPSS/21.
Findings: The figure rating was lower than the actual body size and the rate of body appreciation (3.45±0.81) and was higher than the median values in the majority of the subjects (P The majority of Tabriz women have slim perception about themselves. Encourage and participation of obese and overweight females more than other weight classes is suggested.

Measurement and evaluation of intellectual capital which aimed to improve management and increase competitive advantage requires a comprehensive review of concepts and providing components and dimensions that will cover all aspects of intellectual capital. The aim of the study is to identify, and classify concepts and components of intellectual capital in organizations in the literature.
In this review study, articles which were published between the years of 1991 and 2015 were reviewed. PubMed, Scopus, Sciences Direct, and Google Scholar English data bases as well as SID and Magian among the Persian databases were searched. In both databases, keywords such as intellectual capital, components of intellectual capital, concept of intellectual capital and organization were used (in Persian database keywords were translated to the respected language). In the initial stage, a total number of 383 articles were found and irrelevant articles were eliminated. This resulted in, 86 final articles which were consistent with the objectives of the research and included in the research.
Findings: The review indicate that, there is no single precise agreed definition for intellectual capital and its dimensions. Most scholars defined three or four dimensions of the concept and named them differently. The most common popular names for dimensions were “human capital”, “structural capital”, and “relational capital”. In each dimension several components were named. The main components of the human capital skills, experience and knowledge, the most important structural capital components were organizational culture, processes and information systems and the most important relational capital component were customer relationship, customer loyalty and customer satisfaction.
Gathering existing definitions of intellectual capital, and suggestions on its components and dimensions in this study creates a more holistic view of this concept and thus more efficient use of intellectual capital in organizations. Using these components to develop an instrument is suggested.

Improving quality of care is one of the challenges in health care services. In this regard, human factor is one of the important factors that affect the quality of care. The aim of this study was to assess nurses’ clinical performance in Critical Care Units (CCU) in teaching and non-teaching hospitals non-teaching hospitals of Qazvin city based on the Synergy Model.
‬ This was a descriptive study. All 191 nurses in the CCU, ICU (Intensive Care Unit), and emergency units in teaching and non-teaching hospitals of Qazvin participated in this study. To collect data, Demographic questionnaire and “Nurse’s Clinical Performance Questionnaire” based on Synergy Model were used. Validity and reliability of the instrument was confirmed in pervious study. Data was analyzed using SPSS/22.
Findings: The lowest level of nurses’ clinical performance in teaching and non-teaching hospitals was related to clinical Inquiry respectively (76/55±31/4), (78/3±30/9). The highest level of clinical performance in teaching hospitals was related to support (89/40±18/4) and in non-teaching hospitals was respond to differences (89/74±20/5).
‫In this study 15% of critical nurses in teaching hospitals and 10% in non-teaching hospitals had non-optimal performance. Due to the lower level of nurse’s clinical performance in emergency department compared to the ICU and CCU, it is suggested that clinical skill training to be considered.

The stressful conditions and lack of positive working environment of medical emergency workers lead to vulnerability of job burnout that may result in long term serious conditions. The present study aims to determine burnout, dimensions and its related factors in the operational staff of Tehran Medical Emergency Center in 2015.
In this descriptive study, 285 men workers in Tehran Emergency Centre were randomly selected. Data was collected by “Demographic Data” and “Maslach Burnout Inventory” (MBI) questionnaires. Face and content validity were approved using 10 experts’ opinion. Reliability of the instrument was measured using Cronbach’s Alpha. Data was analyzed using SPSS/19.
Findings: Most of the workers (77.5%) had average job burnout. Regarding the intensity, the mean of emotional frustration was 21.65±12.25, score of depersonalization is 20.48±7.36, score of personal competence is 22.92±5.42, and score of job involvement is 9.29± 5.16. Moreover, regarding the frequency, the mean scores for emotional frustration was 20.76±10.9, for depersonalization was 20.29± 7.19, for personal competence was 22.44±5.35, and for job involvement was 9.11± 5.09.
Job burnout among operational workers of Tehran Emergency Center was average in all dimensions. Planning to identify, reduce and adjust the influential factors it is suggested.

Improving the quality of medical services in hospitals and health centers requires planning and understanding of environmental opportunities and threats. The aim of the present study was to determine the correlation between the strategic thinking and the quality of health services.
In this descriptive-correlational study, 92 staff members of Takht Jamshid hospital in 1394 were chosen based on the Morgan table with Stratified - random method. Data were collected through “Servqual Scale" and “Strategic Thinking Questionnaire". The reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed using Cranach's alpha coefficient. Data was analyzed using SPSS/19.
Findings: The results showed a significant positive correlation between the strategic thinking and the quality of health services (r=0.546). In addition, the strategic thinking and the quality of services in the target hospital was more than the medium.
It is believed that increase in the strategic thinking will enhance the quality of services. Therefore, it is suggested that managers of hospitals and medical centers uses strategic thinking.

With the increasing population of elderly people, the risk of diseases and health problems is also increases. One of the most suitable ways to reduce the elderlie's problems during this period is to adopt to a healthy lifestyle. The aim of this study was to determine the lifestyle of the elderly people in Tehran.
This descriptive study on 400 elderly people of Tehran was conducted through random stratified sampling in 2014. Data was collected by “Healthy Lifestyle Measure in the Iranians Elderly” which include 46 questions. The validity of the questionnaire was measured by eight experts and ten elderlies’ comments and reliability by, alpha Cranach. Data were analyzed by SPSS/19.
Findings: The mean score of a healthy lifestyle in elderly people was 62.90 ±9.16 based on the scale provided in the intermediate level. Among those, 35 (8.8 %) have a desirable lifestyle, 342 patients (85.5 %) moderate lifestyle and 23 (5.8%) had undesirable lifestyle. The highest mean score of lifestyle-related care of yourself and the lowest was in the area of sport and physical activity.
According to the level of moderate lifestyle of elderly people, the need for administrative and educational measures to enhance the lifestyle of the elderlies to the desired level is suggested.

One of the most important achievements of our society is to provide the various sport fields for women in the country. But it still does not meet the sport for women and their need for physical activity. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of facilitating and inhibiting factors on participation in sports activities of female students in Kerman University of Medical Sciences.
In this descriptive-correlation study, the population of study included all female students from Kerman University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2012-13 (N=1550). A sample of 310 students was drawn through stratified random sampling. In order to collect data from two-part questionnaires: “Facilitating and Inhibiting Factors on Participation in Sports Activities Questionnaire” was used. Face and content validity have been confirmed by 7 experts in planning and management of sport and sociology and reliability in a pilot study was for the facilitating factors 0.76 and for the inhibiting factors 0.79. Data was analyzed using SPSS/16.
Findings: There were significant correlation between facilitator factors and personal, psychological, social, administrative, economic and facility-related components with participating in sports activities (P The management and sport facilities and equipment factors are important for the participation of female students. Establishing appropriate, diverse facilities for sports and recreation as well as providing an encouraging and delightful environment can contribute to sports participation among female students. It is recommended that managers and decision makers in student sport provide the sports facilities in a favorable environment and fresh for female students.

Nurses’ knowledge and attitude to workplace violence could determine their performance to control violence. The aim of present study was to determine nurses’ knowledge, attitude and performance toward workplace violence in selected hospitals in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences during 2014-2015.
In this descriptive study, 242 nurses in selected hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were participated by multistage random sampling method. In order to collect data, a researcher "Nurse's Knowledge, Attitude and Practice toward Workplace Violence Questionnaire” was used. The validity of questionnaire was assessed in the form of quantitative through content validity using the opinions of 10 professors and faculty members of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's Alpha, Kuder-Richardson and Test-Retest. To analyze the data, SPSS/21 was used.
Findings: The mean score of knowledge and attitude of nurses was 52.25 and 37.77. In total, 97.9 percent of them had high knowledge of workplace violence and the attitude toward workplace violence was negative for all of the nurses. Reactions such as notifying the security with weighted average of 4.56, inviting the offender to calmness and to pretend that this never happened with weighted average of 3.99 were reported by nurses. There was statistically significant difference in the mean of attitude of nurse in different ward (P=0.001) (P≤ 0.05).