نشریه راهبردهای توسعه روستایی
سال دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 8، زمستان 1394)

In this study to estimate the economic efficiency of agricultural cooperatives in the Buinzahra city from the Stochastic Data Envelopment Analysis method was used. To prioritization the agricultural cooperatives problems of this city in management and marketing system the Analytical Hierarchy Process method and Entropy criteria were used. The required dates were related to year 2012-2013 that with interviewing and completing the questionnaires from 43 members of cooperatives were collected. To determination Sample from Random Sampling method and Cochran formula and also to evaluation the validity and reliability of regulatory questionnaire from the Cronbach's Alpha method were used. The results showed that the random efficiency average of agricultural cooperatives in Buinzahra city is at the low level (79 Percent) and animal husbandry units have the lowest level of the efficiency. Also the results showed that inappropriate policies in the pricing and price volatility of agricultural products, the bottom services of the packaging, processing, marketing and distribution of products and the lack of long-term comprehensive planning by managers have priorities first, second and third in the inefficiency of the management process and the marketing system of cooperatives in the study area respectively. Finally, according to the obtained results the locating studies before the establishment of cooperatives, providing facilities and loans with low interest rates to animal husbandry units, transfer the experiences and expertise of successful cooperatives to cooperatives inefficient and strengthening and supporting the marketing system in order to resolve the problems facing the agricultural cooperatives of city Buinzahra were proposed.

A better understanding of geographic phenomena and scientific comprehending of geographical locations requires comprehensive information about these areas. Also, the awareness of the spatial distribution and development levels is the prerequisite of plans and programs of rural development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the development level of rural areas in Koohrang County. Research population was selected among rural areas in Koohrang County which were over ten households (132 villages). Data were collected and designed from the statistical yearbook of Koohrang County in 2011. In this study, a combination method of VIKOR-AHP was used to measure level of development in villages. In addition, in order to determine the optimal distribution of indices, the Gini coefficient was used. Data processing was conducted using MATLAB7.10 and Expert Choice software. Results showed that the highest degree of development (0.994) belonged to the village of "Castle of Ali-Abad" and the village of "Dezak-Cheshmeh" had a lower degree of development (0.005). Moreover, results indicated that there was the unfavorable development in the study area (with average of 0. 217 in the range 0-1) in a way that most of the villages (21.46%) with 53.39% of the population in the area were completely undeveloped. Furthermore, the results based on Gini coefficient and coefficient of variability revealed that the conventional indices of rural development werent distributed properly. Therefore, it is necessary that a special review and reconsider to determine the main centers of the service based on a hierarchical system of settlements.

In the study, the effects of farming systems surveyed on the productivity in the 2011-12. The data collected 208 Questionnaires by two stage cluster sampling in the Koredestan and Hamedan. The efficacy of farming system computed with dummy variable, and for selection the best produce function, checked by flexible and non-flexible functions. by two stage cluster sampling in the Koredestan and Hamedan. The efficacy of farming system computed with dummy variable, and for selection the best produce function, checked by flexible and non-flexible functions. Results indicate that production function Cobb - Douglas is better than the other tested functions. Also the effect of ownership farming system is positive on the production factors productivity in the case study. And the effect of other farming system is negative. So, Agriculture of Jahad Organization can encourage the farmers for bought the rent, common and joint of lands, with low interest rate loan for farmers.

Located in mountainous regions, Sarkal county has not developed much either physically or agriculturally. However, the same climatic circumstances have provided it with opportunities for growing irrigated grapes. Attempting to identify the environmental potentials and the benefits of growing irrigated grapes, this paper counts on appropriate practical plans to make further vintage. A questionnaire was prepared in 2013-2014 following which 83 grapes raisers in 31 villages and some associated managers as well were interviewed according to 343 Kookran formula .Applying the measurement method, case studies, and also enumerating the pros and cons, and opportunities as well as threats based on SWOT, the research offers solutions for the development of growing capability irrigated grapes. Next, the provided solutions are prioritized based on QSPM matrix. The research results show that the offered solutions for growing irrigated grapes are of aggressive type. In the Matrix of the assessment of internal factors, the final score 2.52 shows that developing the production and growing of irrigated grapes based on internal factors in Sarkal will be fruitful. Moreover, the matrix of the assessment of external factors with a total score of 3.44 shows that in the present conditions, the development of the production and growing of irrigated grapes in Sarkal reinforces the opportunities as well. Lastly, the offered solution based on QSPM matrix is So6 which reads “constructing Agro-processing industries to save the vintage and cut down the damages”.

Determination and identification of areas with economic potential, particularly in the production and processing of agricultural products and targeted investments in rural, urban and regional planning, one important issue is the clinical role to increase the employment, income, of rural productivity and improve livelihoods, country plays. In this context, the aim of this study establish priority locations for processing agricultural cooperatives in rural areas of the West provinces (Kermanshah, Kurdistan, Ilam, Lorestan and Hamedan) is using TOPSIS. For this purpose, one of the most important factors affecting the establishment of cooperatives in rural areas of the West Country, the availability of raw materials were selected and used to determine the weights while studying literature, by using the snowball proposly sampling method, 11 instructor,experts from industries processing agricultural selected and their comments were used. The results showed that based on the availability of raw materials to industries, rural areas of Kermanshah and Hamadan, had the highest level of TOPSIS method is based cooperatives and rural areas in the provinces of Lorestan, Kurdistan, and third to the fifth were ranked Ilam .

In Iran, the agricultural sector enjoys a special position and importance. Regarding to that for accurate planning in agricultural sector, the effective factors of growth of this sector should be known; in this research, in was attempted to analyze the components of this growth by an appropriate approach. For this purpose, using of a non-parameteric approach named as multiplicative decomposition method and based on the data of time-series during 1991/92 – 2010/2011 , for the agricultural products in Golestan province, the growth of the agri-products value were decomposed to price growth, area growth, yield growth and changing cropping pattern and the effect of each factors were determined.The results show that the value of total agricultural production in the Golestan province is average annual growth of 16 percent, while the value of the same products in country show average annual growth of 18 percent. However, the value of agricultural production during the studied period had positive growth, but the main factor of this growth is the price growth. After this, the most important factor of growth was cropping pattern in total agricultural products. In sum, these results represent lack of an appropriate improvement in land productivity growth as well as the cropping pattern of the region in Golestan province.

Along with increasing world population, one of the biggest challenges that human society is confront it in the recent decades is food security and increasing agricultural products. This necessity leads to overuse from pesticides and fertilities and those harmful consequences. In the resent years started actions for return to organic agriculture. The current study attempt to represent a cropping pattern that decision maker beside of economy goals, scarp environment aspects by production organic products. To achieve this goal, were used goal programming and its components in Extended Lexicographic Goal Programming framework, based on multiple criteria decision making methods in Bardsir and Orzoyeh districts. The requirement data collected by 567 questionnaire and interview with beneficiaries with random sampling method in 2013. In current study, six goals included profit maximization, employment of labor maximization, minimization of irrigation water, working machinery, fertilizer and pesticides at difference priorities inters in model, results indicated by optimization the cropping pattern; we can without decreasing in yield and profit of firms, decreasing consumption of harmful inputs. Therefore, advice farmers from advantages of organic agriculture and government supports can be an effective step toward sustainable production.

Qazvin plain is one of the country's capable plains to product of agricultural products. During two last decades the level of groundwater decreased in the Qazvin plain and water balance has been negative because of inordinate shafts digging and irregular use of groundwater. To conservation of groundwater resources in this plain need to the strategies and appropriate policy that will apply in this context. Its prerequisite is more recognition of farmer's behavior. Therefore, in present study used of positive mathematical programming and production function with constant elasticity of substitution to investigate farmer's behavior in using of groundwater and determination appropriate strategy to conservation of groundwater resources in Qazvin plain. The investigated strategies were including increase of the water price, decrease of the availability water and deficit irrigation strategy that were investigated under the various scenarios. The required data are registry information and related to year 2011-2012 that by referral to the relevant departments in Qazvin province were collected. The model was solved in the GAMS 23/9 software. The results showed that all the investigated strategies in this study leads to water saving but the average of gross profit changes decreases 3/13, 8/61 and 5/54 percent respectively with increase of the water price, decrease of the availability water and deficit irrigation. Finally, the irrigation water pricing policy was proposed to conservation of groundwater resources of Qazvin plain according to the less reduction in the average of gross profit changes and the deficit irrigation strategy put in the premiership after it.