نشریه توسعه پرستاری در سلامت
سال ششم شماره 12 (پاییز و زمستان 1394)

During late decade¡ addiction was one of the most important social and health issues in Iran. Due to this¡ it has a significant importance to focus on examine effects of psychosocial treatments on addicted social and health issues. The objective of current study is assessment the effectiveness of integrative intervention of group cognitive-behavioral and family positive thinking on quality of life in addicted peoples.
Material & The study was conducted as clinical trial. According to the convenient sampling¡ 30 addicted persons allocated randomly into 2 groups of experiment (n=15) and control (n=15). The intervention was 12 sessions’ 90-minutes for addicted ones with cognitive-behavioral therapy and 8 sessions’ 90-minutes for the first grade family of samples with positive thinking. Collecting data instrument was quality of life SF-36 questionnaire that was filled before and after of intervention in two groups. Findings were analyzed with SPSS¡ version 16 and by descriptive and inferential statistics.
ANOVA findings showed that quality of life scores had significant difference in overall scores (P=0.001)¡ and in subscales (p Results showed that integrative intervention of group cognitive-behavioral and family positive thinking has positive effects on quality of life in addicted peoples.

Breastfeeding is useful for both mother and baby. Today’s¡ in many parts of the world¡ duration of breastfeeding has decreased for various reasons. The factors which effect on cessation of breast feeding plays an important role in improving the health of the infant and reduce their morbidity and mortality. This study was designed to investigate the factors influencing the cessation of breastfeeding in term infants.
Material & In this descriptive study¡ 400 term infants who were referred to Zabol health care centers from October 2014 to December 2014 and those who were eligible for the study were selected by simple random sampling method. The data of 103 infants collected by questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics¡ using SPSS 17 software.
The duration of breastfeeding among infants 1¡ 3¡ 6¡ 12¡ 24 and 30 months was 90¡ 50¡ 42¡ 15¡ 2 and 1% respectively. Concerns about insufficient breast milk (65.3 percent)¡ poor sucking infant (30.8 percent)¡ refusing the breast mother (38.8 percent)¡ maternal fatigue (20.2 percent) and excessive crying Infant (28.1 percent) were the major causes of cessation of breast feeding.
In this study the continuation of breastfeeding decreased with increasing age of infants. Since the major causes of the cessation of breastfeeding was mother’s false beliefs about the Insufficient breast milk and refusing mother’s breast by infant¡ therefore more educational interventions recommended for mothers during pregnancy and lactation.

Long-term prognosis of hemodialysis patients are affected by dialysis adequacy so that assess this item is very important. This study aimed to identify dialysis adequacy and its related factors in hemodialysis patients.
Material & This is a descriptive cross sectional study. 160 hemodialysis patients of Arak Vali-e-asr hospital were selected by census method. Data collected by demographic questionnaire¡ checklist of patients’ data¡ blood laboratory test and weekly erythropoietin doses¡ checklist for calculating kt/v included duration of dialysis¡ urea in pre and post of dialysis¡ weight in pre and post of dialysis and ultrafiltration rate. Kt/v and URR Criteria were used to assessment of dialysis adequacy. Descriptive and analytical statistics was used to assess the data. Finally the data were analyzed by SPSS18 software.
The majority of samples (74.8%) didn’t have a sufficient dialysis adequacy (kt/v According to the results¡ dialysis adequacy of hemodialysis patients is not desirable that can lead to decrease the quality of life. According to the results of this study¡ the quality of dialysis in hemodialysis patients can improve by intervention on some of the modifiable factors affecting the adequacy of dialysis such as increasing the duration and frequency of dialysis a week.

Fatigue is a complication of chronic renal failure which two fatigue scales was selected to assess it in dialysis patients that can help nurses to planning better in diagnosis of fatigue. Therefore¡ this study was aimed to determine the Frequency of fatigue in hemodialysis patients based on visual fatigue scales and FSS questionnaire.
In this descriptive- qualitative study¡ 200 hemodialysis patients who referred to the Bethat hospital of Hamadan were selected through census sampling. The data was collected by demographic questionnaire¡ fatigue severity scale and Rhoten visual measurement. Questionnaires were confirmed by content validity and test-retest reliability. In order to analyze data¡ SPSS Software¡ chi-square and Fisher test.
The Fisher test showed not significant differences between visual Rhoten measurement and severity fatigue questionnaire in three groups of patients with severe¡ moderate and lack of fatigue.
this study showed not significant differences between visual Rhoten measurement and severity fatigue questionnaire in assessing fatigue among hemodialysis patients. Visual fatigue Rhoten questionnaire is simpler and conformity with previous research so that it is recommended for further research.

Health promoting schools (HPS) are places that promote the health of students. The growth (epidemics) of overweight and obesity in recent decades and its consequences¡ including cardiovascular disease¡ shows the importance of attention to this issue. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of health promoting schools initiative on the nutrition Improvement Indicators among male elementary school students in Tehran district 17.
Material & The research method used in this study was descriptive-survey method¡ and statistical population in this study has been divided into two groups¡ namely: male elementary schools in district 17 of Tehran which performed health promoting plan and students from other schools in district 17 of Tehran that did not perform promote health plan. The under-studied samples with the volume of 333 and 367 were selected by simple random sampling method. The tool used for data collection was researcher -made questionnaire based on the Likert scale including 16 questions. The questionnaire validity was confirmed through face validity and expert Opinion. And the questionnaire reliability is also approved by preliminary test¡ Cronbach''s alpha calculation¡ and bias to appropriate amount of 0.8. T -test was used to analyze the data.
The results showed that there is no significant difference between the improved nutrition index level at male elementary schools in district 17 of Tehran which performed health promoting plan and students from other schools in district 17 of Tehran that did not perform this plan (P=0.012). Except for physical activity index and clinical services offerings¡ there is no significant difference among other six indicators of this plan.
Establishing health promotion plan did not have any effect on the nutrition Improvement Indicators at the under-studied schools. Therefore¡ the revision of the content of this plan is essential to achieve greater effectiveness.

Nowadays¡ many organizations concentrate on the quality of life as a scientific subject. Since the most important Group offers services to patients that are nurses they must enjoy a good life¡ Therefore¡ the present study aimed to determine quality of life and its related factors in nurses of Al Hadi hospital of Shushtar city in 2015
Material & This cross-sectional study was conducted on 90 graduated nurses who were working in different wards of Shushtar Al Hadi hospital in 2015 by census sampling method.
Data collection tools included demographic questionnaire and quality of life questionnaire (SF-36)¡ the analysis of the data was performed using SPSS version 21.
In this study¡ 77 women (85.6%) with a mean age of 33.34± 6.88 participated. During the study¡ the highest quality of life was in physical function dimension (71.72±27.93) and lowest was in the role of physical health problems dimension (57.77±38.51)¡ respectively. A significant correlation was found between the kind of units¡ employment and nursing shifts and quality of life (P The results revealed that regard to the average state of overall quality of life¡ it seems that appropriate programs have been conducted by nursing managers to improving nurse''s quality of life¡ but there must be other programs considered to employing nurses based on the age and other factors.

Nowadays¡ One of the problems in the present age is loneliness that has many side effects. One of the problems that cause by loneliness is alexithymia. The aim of this study is investigating the relationship between alexithymia and loneliness in nursing and midwifery students of Islamic Azad University branch Dezful.
Material & The study population included all students who were studying in Nursing and Midwifery Azad University branch Dezful in the 94-93 year. 258 of them were selected by simple random sampling .the data was gathered by questionnaire (Toronto alexithymia 1989 TAS - and social loneliness questionnaire - Bzrgsalan2004- SELSA responded emotionally). To analyze the data¡ we applied Pearson correlation and linear regression.
The results showed that a significant relationship between alexithymia with loneliness in students (p This study showed that the higher alexithymia in relationship with loneliness so that hypothesis was accepted.

Quality of life is a broad concept and has a complex relationship with physical health¡ psychological status¡ level of independence¡ social relationships¡ personal beliefs and environmental factors and in recent years¡ it has gained great importance. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life of dormitory and non-dormitory female students in the medical group who are studying in Islamic Azad University¡ Tehran Medical Branch.
Material & This cross-sectional study was conducted on 356 female students of Tehran Islamic Azad University who were studying in one of the medical branches in 20114-2015.
As the data collection tools¡ Demographic and quality of life questionnaire that was made by the researchers were used. The questionnaires were distributed among non-dormitory and dormitory students through simple random and available sampling method respectively. The data were evaluated using Descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results showed that¡ the total score of quality of life in dormitory students (65.82±38.46) is significantly lower than non-dormitory students (78.01±28.66) (p=0.001). The factors such as residence status¡ marital status and exercise were significantly associated with quality of life¡ among these three factors; the residence status is the strongest predictor of students'' quality of life (beta coefficient 9.649).
According to the findings¡ it seems that staying in the dormitory during the studying (according to various challenges and stresses and being away from family) is accompanied with reduced quality of life and reducing the overall score in each of its dimensions (physical health¡ mental health¡ social relationships¡ environmental health and overall health).

The most common form of Von Recklinghausen is Neurofibromatosis. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) may develop in five percent of the patients. The aim of this study was a review on Persian literatures about clinical findings in patients with Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1).
Material & In this narrative literature review researchers searched keyword «Neurofibromatosis Type 1» in Persian Google Scholar¡ and National databases; Scientific Information Database (SID) ¡ and Magazines Information Database. A total of 50 articles were retrieved from 2004 to 2015. Only 6 articles (three descriptive and three case reports) had inclusion criteria and were evaluated.
The review of the studies showed; NF1 severity varies widely from mild to severe and even life-threatening. NF1 is typically diagnosed clinically during childhood (around age 5-10 years). Some of complications of NF1 do not appear until adolescence period and develop over adulthood and may progress to malignancy. The complications that reported in NF1 patients were malignancy¡ severe skeletal complications¡ dissecting aneurysm of the Aorta¡ cutaneous neurofibromas¡ neurological complications develop from tumors¡ malformations¡ and paraplegia.
Patients with NF1 experience complications include; malignancy¡ musculoskeletal¡ vascular and neurological side effects that some of them are seriously life-threatening.