فصلنامه پاتوبیولوژی مقایسه ای
سال یازدهم شماره 46 (زمستان 1393)

The accumulation of hydrophobic bile acids in bile duct ligation (BDL) animal model¡ plays a pivotal role in the induction of hepatic fibrosis. Cholestatic liver fibrosis¡ characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins¡ is associated with bile acidinduced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Molybdenum is an essential trace element which acts as a cofactor in many detoxification system enzymes. The results of our previous study suggested that sodium molybdate could be used as a hepatoprotective agent against toxicity caused by carbon tetrachloride in rats .The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic or the anti-hepatofibrotic effects of sodium molybdate in a bile duct ligation (BDL)- induced cholestatic fibrosis model in rats .After BDL¡ rats were given sodium molybdate (0.05 or 0.1 or 0.2 g/kg) or urosodeoxycholic acid (UDCA¡ 25 mg/kg) orally for 45 consecutive days (once per day). BDL markedly induced the accumulation of collagen¡ as well as infiltration of inflammatory cells¡ hepatocyte necrosis and bile duct hyperplasia¡ as determined by Masson’s trichrome staining. These alterations were significantly attenuated by sodium molybsdate administration (0.1 and 0.2 g/kg). Simultaneously treatment of sodium molybdate may inhibit the liver fibrosis in a BDL model of cholestatic rats. Our data suggest that sodium molybdate may exert its antifibrotic effects via inhibition of ECM proteins.

The goal of this research is to see how barley grains affect the development of lung tissues in the embryo of diabetic albino rats. An empirical study was done on 60 albino rats in four groups: 1. Control, 2. Healthy barely diet, 3. Diabetic normal food, 4. Diabetic barely diet. A peritoneal injection of streptozotocin was used to develop diabetes in the rats. In the 21st day of pregnancy the embryos were removed from the uterine horns, weighed and measured from head to tail. After tissue processing, H&E staining was done and the embryos’ lung tissues were analyzed using an optical microscope. The diabetic normal food group showed less development in bronchioles, alveoli and pneumocyte compared to the control group and had hyperemic vessels and the most inflamed alveolar interstitial tissue. The diabetic barely group had more developed bronchioles, alveoli and pneumocyte compared to the diabetic normal food group. This group has fewer hyperemic vessels and inflamed alveolar interstitial tissue compared to the diabetic normal food group. The embryos in the diabetic normal food increased in weight while the diabetic barely group had a slight decrease in weight.However, the decrease in weight was not significant. The head to tail length of the embryos in the diabetic normal food decreased compared to the control group and barely had no effect on the head to tail length in the diabetic barely group. It seems that barely is beneficial on the development of lung tissues in the embryo of diabetic albino rats. Barely can regulate the excess weight caused by diabetes to some extent; however, it has no effect on the reduction of head to tail length caused by high glucose.

In one year period, 276 wild (n=169) and cultured (n=107) yellow-fin seabream fish were studied for parasitic diseases and associated intestinal lesions in north coasts of Persian Gulf. Overall, 4 different nematode species of Anisakidae family isolated including Anisakis larvae (from intestine, abdominal cavity, liver and intestine surface), Contracaecum larvae (from intestines and abdominal cavity), Raphidascaris spp. (from intestines) and Hysterothylacium spp. (from intestines). The highest and lowest rate of infection with Contracaecum spp. was seen in winter and autumn, respectively; and that of Hysterothylacium spp. occurred in winter and summer, respectively; and with Anisakis spp. such rates were seen in summer and autumn, respectively. All of seasonal variations in infection rates were significant. A significant positive correlation was found between weight of fish and parasite burden. This is the first report of Hysterothylacium spp. in the yellow-fin seabream.

Periwinkle is a plant known as a Vinca minor in Persian. This plant contain bitter substance called Vincine, Tannin, Pectin, Carotene, vincamine Alkaloids, Vinci nine, Catarin, and a kind of Saponin and large amount of Vinine Alkaloids and Pubcine. All parts of this plant can be used; especially the leaves that can be picked in any season and seared by heat. The purpose of this study is evaluating sedation and pre-anesthetic effects of polar fractions, semi polar and non-polar of Vinca minor plant in comparison with midazolam found in rats. 60 Wistar rat head in different groups is applied in these tests. Three polar, semi-polar, and non-polar fractions and 0.04 mg/kg dose of midazolam and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with equal volume are transfused into peritoneum as a drug, half an hour before experiment. In a test the sedation and pre-anesthetic induction time and sleeping time effects are surveyed by seconds and recorded by chronometer. Findings show that in medical team the mentioned doses of extract meaningful both in infused dream by ketamine and increase in life time (p

Wound infections caused by Candida albicans has grown substantially in recent years. Expensive medications, side effects, and particularly, the development of drug resistance, led to the use of biological materials may be considered as an alternative solution. Studies show that Mentha piperita essential oil contains flavonoids and menthol and hence it has antibacterial properties. We used 100 male Wistar rats (weight 195-205 g). One square surgical wound with dimensions of 1.5×1.5 cm were performed on the back of each animal and immediately became infected whit 0.1 ml of 1.5×107 CFU Candida albicans suspension. Then the rats were divided into 4 groups (control, placebo, treatments 1.5% and 3%) each with 25 rats and randomly distributed into 5 subgroups each whit 5 rats (sample groups on different days). Wound healing activity was performed by histological studies and yeast counts at the end of 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th and 20th days after surgery. According to the pathological findings, Mentha piperita essential oil topically, significantly reduces inflammation and migration of leukocytes, and also significantly increase in vascular regeneration, epithelialization and migration of fibroblasts, compared control group. Mentha piperita essential oil, especially in higher doses (3%), increased pathological factors affecting wound healing in rats was infected with Candida albicans.

Histological alterations in Fenneropenaeus indicus fed diets containing different doses of Aflatoxin B1 ˜یÏå [English] In this study Indian white shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus, (11. 79 ± 1. 76 g) were fed with diets containing 0, 20, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 ppb levels of AFB1 for 8 weeks. Histopathological alterations in the hepatopancreas, such as hepatopancreas tubules stellar cross section deformation, reduce degenerative changes and atrophy of epithelial cells and secretory cells lining the tubules, hepatopancreas tissue necrosis and infiltration of fibroblasts in the walls of hepatopancreas tubules were observed. In Muscle tissue, muscle bundles separated from each other and create a gap between them was observed, which confirms the weight loss in 800 ppb AFLB1 treatment. Intestinal mucosal necrosis and detachment were observed in midgut tissue at the end of 4 and 8 weeks.

The consumption of food containing staphylococcal enterotoxins is regularly identified as the cause of intoxication. Enterotoxin A is considered as the most common toxin in staphylococcus– related food poisoning. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of S. aureusin traditional white–brined cheese and distribution of enterotoxin A gene (sea) among them. A total of 120 samples was examined and S. aureus was isolated from 11 (9.1%) of the samples. According to the results, load of S. aureus was estimated from 1.5×101 to 8.6×104 cfu/g. No sample was in the critical cell density of >105 cfu/g. From each sample, five suspected colonies were confirmed by biochemical tests. S. aureus isolates were further identified based on 23S rRNA, themonuclease and enterotoxin A genes using multiplex PCR. Based on multiplex PCR results all 55 isolates were identified as S. aureus. The enterotoxin A gene (sea) was detected in 6 (10.9%) of the isolates. In conclusion, S. aureus and sea gene was found in traditional white– brined cheese. It seems that if the favorable growth conditions are provided, S. aureus could proliferate and produce enterotoxin and could be regarded as a potential risk for human health.

Useful effects of black tea in treatment of many diseases have been shown . the protective effects of tea are possibly related to its antioxidant properties or its inhibition of lipid oxidation. The aim of the present study was to investigate hepatoprotective effects of black Iranian tea on cadmium(cd)-induced hepatotoxicity .For this purpose 30 male wistar rats were randomly divided to six study groups including 1-negative control, 2-treatment control (received 10% black tea brewed drink (BTBD)),3-positive control which received cd(5 mg/kg body weight (bw.)/day) and 4 to 6-treatment groups in which BTBD was administered orally (2,5 and 10%) with oral cd(5mg/kg bw./day). The rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks and blood samples were collected to assess liver biomarkers. liver samples were fixed in buffered formalin solution . They were then conventionally embedded in paraffin and stained with Hematoxilin - Eosin for pathology studies as well. In positive control group, activities of alanine transaminas (ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) significantly increased in compare with negative control group. Granular degeneration, chromatin and nucleus concentration and necrosis were evidenced in pathological study of the liver sections of this group. On the other hand, 5 and 10% BTBD administration significantly prevented ALT,AST and ALP increasing activity. Pathological study confirmed the latter serological results. Whereas, 2% BTBD administration didnt have any significant protection. in conclusion, our results suggest that daily black tea drinking may prevent cd-induced hepatic lesions.

Xylazine is preanesthetic drug that have nausea and vomiting effects. This study was done in order to assessment of the effects of dexamethasone, metoclopramide and the combination of dexamethasone - metoclopramide administrations in prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting afterxylazine administration in dogs. 15 mixed breed dogs with average weight 18.9±5 Kg were randomly selected in 3 groups including intravenous (I.V) dexamethasone 1mg/kg , I.V metoclopramide 0.5 mg/kg and combination of dexamethasone - metoclopramide (0.5 -1 mg/kg). For induction of anesthesia in all groups, initially I.V diazepam (0.2 mg/kg) then I.V xylazine ( 2 mg/kg) and I.V morphine (2 mg/kg) were administrated and dexamethasone, metoclopramide and combination of dexamethasone-metoclopramide were injected and dogs were underwent the laparotomy technique. Anesthetic and recovery times, also nausea and vomiting effects at 30 min, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h after anesthesia were recorded and results were analyzed by ANOVA and (P 0.05) none was seen nausea and vomiting. Single or co-administration of dexamethasone and metoclopramide prevents nausea and vomiting in operation and recovery period.