فصلنامه پاتوبیولوژی مقایسه ای
سال نهم شماره 38 (زمستان 1391)

Fish oil is one of the best sources of fatty acids dietary supply. Recently, use of fish oil is enhanced based on its useful effects on human health. Unfortunately, due to industrial pollution, many fish and fish oils have high levels of mercury. Mercury is one of the most poisonous microelement for the ecosystem. mercury is toxic and can damage the brain and the nervous system. The main object of this research was the assessment of Omega-3 fish oil pollution with mercury derived from shark and tuna fish in post-market surveillance in Tehran by cyclic voltammetry. For this pupose fourteen fish oil brands was collected from market retail and transferred to the laboratory. In this research, closed vessel microwave extraction and cyclic voltammetric method was employed. The digestion process was perfomed via four steps in a constant 50 bar pressure and a gradiant temperature from 145 to 200 ˚C. The mercury content of fish oils was in the range of 11.03–107.11 ng/ml. Validation of parameters reveal that the precision of developed method was 2.3 percent in mean standard deviation. In conclusion, fish such as swordfish and shark and tuna fish are also a source of exposure to the heavy metal toxin, mercury. So the potential toxicity of omega 3 fish oil capsules with mercury must be considered and it is necessary to measure the mercury content of these capsules with a simple, precise, accurate and economic method.

Iran's saffron is known as red gold on international markets and one important factor in this competition is the role of desirable coverage packaging in reducing the load of microbial loads and increasing the allocated shelf life. This study is based on examination of 10, 5 gram, packs of saffron available in Tehran's well known chain stores that underwent microbial testing based on 2198 standard of Iranian standard society for the element of covers without Nano coatings as testifiers for the comparison purpose. Finally one of the 3 applied coatings the, cover with 4000 ppm percents was able to reduce the microbial load up to 98 percent. The results gained from second phase of the study were based on the non- release of Nano particles into the packaged final product which went under Nitrino test which showed 0 percent amount of release.

This procedure is a form of excision arthroplasty and has been used in small animal surgery for the treatment of hip dysplasia, osteoarthritis, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, fractures of the femoral head or acetabulum, coxofemoral luxation, and failed total hip replacement.The basis of the procedure is removal of the femoral head and neck to eliminate bone-to-bone contact and to permit the formation of a pseudarthrosis. The pseudarthrosis that results from this procedure is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue lined by a synovial membrane. The acetabular cavity is gradually replaced by bone. Ten white New Zealand male and healthy rabbits were chosen and divided in to 2 groups. Group I (control): Right side of leg was treated surgery and femoral head and neck was removed with osteotom. Then the surgery area was closed in rot in pattern. Group II (test): Right side of leg was treated surgery and then superfacial gluteal muscle insertion was extrication and after that the vastus lateralis muscle origin was parted and then fixed insertion and origins of these two muscles between acetabulum and upper side of femur. Pathological and Necropsy evaluations in day 60 after surgery were done. The results of this study showed Due to the anatomical position of the muscles of the hip, pelvis, insertion and origin of superficial gluteal and Vastus lateralis muscles, if the muscle is placed in a new position, they prevent adverse changes that occur in the hip.

This study was conducted to identify the fungi isolated from conjunctival sac of clinically normal Persian Arab horse living in Tabriz, Northwestern Iran and to determine the effect of sex and age variations on the frequency of isolates. Forty-three horses (21 females and 22 males), aged 1-15 years, without clinical evidence of external ocular inflammation were selected and divided into three age groups. Samples were taken from both conjunctival sacs of horses and seeded on the sabouraud dextrose agar and malt extract agar. Plates were incubated at 25 °C for 10 days. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests using SAS 9.1. Thirtyeight horses out of 43(88.37 %) were positive for fungi, 22/43 (51.16 %) had positive culture from both eyes. The isolated fungal species were Candida spp (23.15 %), Penicillium spp 16.84 %), Aspergillus sp (15.78 %), Mucor spp (13.48 %), Alternaria spp (8.42 %), Pseudallescheria spp (6.31%), Chladosporium spp (5.26%), Rhodotorula spp (4.21 %), Curvularia spp 3.15 %), Fusarium spp (2.10 %) and Trichoderma sp (1.05 %). There was significant effect of horse sex and age on frequency of fungal isolation. The fungal species isolated are comparable with studies performed in other countries, although the frequency of Candida isolation was so higher which may reflect a geographic difference

In this study, pathogenesis of co-infection of (A/Chicken/Iran/ m. 1/2010) H9N2 virus and (ORT -R87-7/1387) Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale bacteria, and tissue tropism and dissemination of this co-infection throughout the body of SPF chickens were investigated. The clinical signs and gross lesions of the infected chicks were also monitored. Forty, 21-day-old SPF chicks were divided randomly into two groups (20 chicks in the experimental and 20 chicks in the control group). At the age of three weeks, the chicks in the experimental group were inoculated by eyedrop with the virus of 106 EID50 and intratracheally with the bacteria of 1 ×1010CFU. The samples from various tissues were collected at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 days post inoculation (DPI). We used culture on blood agar for detection of the bacteria and isolation assay in embryonated chicken eggs (SPF) to evaluate virus dissemination. Experimental group chickens exhibited depression, reduced appetite, ruffled feathers, more severe respiratory signs and 15% mortality. The most remarkable clinical signs appeared on day 3 PI. H9N2 was detected in the lungs and trachea on days 2 and 4 PI. The virus was also found in the Bursa of fabricius on days 2 and 6 PI. The H9N2 virus was observed only on day 2 PI in Thymus and Liver, and only on day 8 PI in Kidneys. We could not trace the virus in the spleen, cecal tonsils and cloaca during study. ORT was isolated in the swabs of trachea on days 2 and 4 PI. The bacteria was also found in the lungs on day 4 PI. But ORT was not detected in swab samples taken from heart and liver during study. The Results of this study indicated that H9N2 virus and ORT bacteria was not detected from days 6 and 10 PI, respectively and also concurrent infectious with H9 2 virus and ORT bacteria could exacerbates clinical signs and gross lesions in infected chickens

In the present study 64 speciment of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with a mean weight 155.8±24 g and mean length of 23.7±2 cm randomly allocated in four groups. Fish of three groups were immersed in water contained 10, 25, 50, and 100 ppm clove (Eugenia caryophillata) oil essence loaded on iron nanoparticles to induce anesthesia in them, and fourth group was as indicator. Loss of equilibrium, light anesthesia, regaining equilibrium and complete recovery times were precisely recorded. Fish were transferred into separate tanks after anesthesia, and the blood samples were collected by cutting of the caudal peduncle from 4 groups at 3 and 24 hours after recovery times. Blood samples were centrifuged and the biochemical indices determined in blood plasma included AST and ALT by spectrophotometer. Brain, kidney, branch, heart, lien and liver tissues were extracted and fixed in phosphate buffer for histopathology. Results indicated that anesthetizing with different concentrations of clove oil essence loaded on iron nanoparticles have no significant effects on amounts ALT and AST in rainbow trout. Also microscopic study of prepared sections from different tissues showed no remarkable side effects. Because recommended dose for induction anesthesia in rainbow trout was 10 ppm in this research, therefore fivefold of recommended have no side effect even. A comparison result of this research by results of other researches is indicating that clove oil essence after loading on iron nanoparticles become more safe and effective.

Mycoplasma Synoviae is a major avian pathogen and cases many economic losses on poultry industry in Iran, Mycoplasma Synoviae synthesizes Variable lipoprotein heamagglutini (VlhA), is believed to play a major in pathogenesis of the disease. The objective of the present study was to diagnosis and detection of Mycoplasma Synoviae isolates based on the vlhA gene.This study was designed to detect MS through culture isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to demonstrated the involvement of MS infection in trachea and the lung/air sac samples taken from commercial poultry flocks of provinces: Tehran, Qazvin and Markazi with clinical signs of the disease. Moreover the specific primers to the Mycoplasma genuse from the primes complementary to the single-copy conserved 5´ end of vlhA gene were used for detection of MS by vlhA-PCR. PCR results, in addition to identification of Mycoplasma specie, revealed variable sizes of 350-400bp for each isolates. Of the 43 swabs 28(65%) yielded one of the potentially pathogenic Mycoplasmas evaluated for using PPLO agar culture diagnostic method, and 33(76%) yielded one of the potentially pathogenic Mycoplasmas evaluated for Mycoplasma genuse PCR as diagnostic metod and 24(55%) swabs yielded Mycoplasma Synoviae for using vlhA PCR as diagnostic metod. The results of this study demonstrated that PCR based on amplification of conserved 5́ end of vlhA gene is an efficient tool for detection of Mycoplasma Synoviae isolates, as well as due to contain of RI, RII and RIII regions its can with top sensitive and operative, be used for to diagnosis and detection of Mycoplasma Synoviae isolates.

Taking drug interactions into consideration is an important aspect of therapy and being aware of such interactions may help to achieve an effective treatment. The purpose of this research was to investigate the possible interaction between phenylbutazone and sodium thiopental in male dogs. Twenty one mixed breed dogs were randomly divided into two control and experimental groups. Normal saline and sodium thiopental were intravenously administered to animals in the control group. Equivalent dose of sodium thiopental was administered following the injection of phenylbutazone via the same route. After anesthesia, time intervals needed for the return of pulpebral reflex, opening of eyes, tongue movement, extension of the limbs, head and neck movement, sitting position, trying to stand, imbalanced walking, and normal walking were recorded. Results show that, the average time periods in the experimental group were generally more than those in the control group. It was also shown that the duration of the above parameters were significantly higher in heavier dog (>18kg) compared to the lighter ones (