فصلنامه پاتوبیولوژی مقایسه ای
سال نهم شماره 35 (یهار 1391)

This study was aimed at determining the effect of cysteamine supplement during in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) from abattoir ovaries were were obtained from local abattoir (Tabriz abattoir, East Azarbaijan, Iran) shortly after slaughter and transported to the laboratory in 0.9% NaCl solution plus 100 IU/ml potassium penicillin G, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin sulfate at 30-35°C, within 2 to 4 h from slaughter. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) from abattoir ovaries were matured in vitro in Hepes-TCM 199 supplemented with 0.2 mM sodium pyruvate, 1 μg/ml 17-β-estradiol, 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), 0.5 μg/ml bFSH and 0 (control) and 0.1, 0.5 or 1 mM/ml of cysteamine for 24 h. When COCs matured in TCM 199 media with 0.1 mM/ml cysteamine, the rate of maturation were increased as compared with control group (46.66 vs 33.33%, respectively). The maturation rate of oocytes in media with 0.5 mM/ml cysteamine (56.55%) was significantly higher than control group (33.33%) (P

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common avian pathogens can cause localized or systemic diseases in young and growing poultry. Morbidity and mortality varies from 2 to 100%, but more commonly about 2-12% with greatest losses in very young birds. The disease occurred in 6-10 days-old ross broiler chickens. Clinical signs showed sleepy appearance, closed eyes, mild keratitis and catarrhal rhinitis. Gross lesions revealed airsacculitis, congestion and swollen of kidneys with deposition of ureats in the urters and proctitis. The disease morbidity and mortality rates were 16.2% and 6%, respectively. Microbial culture was determined motile and Gramnegative bacteria, suspected greenish colonies, smell like fruity and beta hemolysis on blood agar. Consequently, we suspected to Pseudomoniasis after culture and clinical signs finding. These isolates were transmitted to the department of microbiology, faculty of veterinary medicine, university of Tehran and all isolates were identified by microbiological phenotypic characteristics with conventional methods and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was finally diagnosed.

Long-term administration of Levodopa in parkinsonian patients leads to development of some motor disorders such as L-dopa induced dyskinesia and off-phenomena. Hence employment of strategy for effective treatment of this disease is of interest.In this investigation we attempted to evaluate the effect of sertraline on anti-cataleptic effect of L-dopa in 6-hydroxydopamine (6- OHDA) lesioned rats. Catalepsy was induced by infusion of 6-OHDA (8μg/2μl/rat) into the Substantia nigra. These rats received intraperitoneally (i.p.) L-Dopa (15mg/kg) twice daily for 20 consecutive days, and anti-cataleptic effect of L-dopa was evaluated by bar-test on days 5, 10, 15 and 20. The results present that L-dopaexert anti-cataleptic effect only until day 15, and its effect was vanished on the day 20. On the day 21, these rats co-injected with three different doses of sertraline (0.5, 1and 2mg/kg, i.p.) and L-dopa (15mg/kg, ip). Sertralineat the dose of 2 mg/kg improved the anti-cataleptic effect of L-dopa. Furthermore, the effect of sertraline (2 mg/kg, i.p.) on anti-cataleptic effect of L-dopa (15mg/kg, ip) was antagonised by NAN 190 (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) as a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist. Theseresults showed that sertraline improvesthe anti-cataleptic effect of L-dopa in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rats and probably this effect mediated through activation of 5HT1A receptors.

In these days press of hypertension and free radicals is the cause of disease in industrial countries. Medicines by antihypertensive and antioxidant properties could inhibit these diseases. In this study Shrimp byproducts were hydrolyzed with 5 different enzymes: Alcalase, Pepsin, α- Chimotrypcin, Neutras and Flavourzyme. Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE-Iinhibitory activity), DPPH free radical scavenging activity (antioxidant properties) and amino acid composition measured in the hydrolysates. With Alcalase ,the highest degree of hydrolysis (DH) and nitrogen recovery was 64.2±1.4% and 75±1.6%, respectively. Antioxidant activity was 47.1±1.2% with Alcalase and 45.1±0.3% with α-Chimotrypcin. The maximum ACE-I inhibitory activity was seen in the Alcalase hydrolysates and α-Chimotrypcin hydrolysates by IC50=0.85±0.02 mg/ml and 0.9±0.04 mg/ml, respectively. ACE-Inhibition activity of hydrolysates after ingestion by all enzymes was stable. Amino acid composition showed high hydrophobic residues content. In conclusion, Shrimp by-products Protein hydrolysates produced by Alcalase and α-Chimotrypcin have good ACE-Iinhibitory activity and antioxidant properties and could be used in human nutrition as bioactive peptide.

Tendon transfer is to change the natural location to a new location for attachment of a tendon of a muscle's activity. This study was conducted to biomechanical and histopathological evaluate the function of rabbits drop foot which were operated for nerve anastomosis and tendon transfer with each other. Twenty white New Zealand male and healthy rabbits were chosen and divided in to 4 groups. First group (Witness): were operated and only cut the sciatic nerve. Second group: were operated and cut the sciatic nerve, then anastomosed. Third group: were operatedand cut the sciatic nerve, then tendon transfer were done whit out any Anastomosis. Fourth group: were operated and cut the sciatic nerve and then anastomosed. Then tendon transfers were done. Biomechanical evaluation in day 45 after surgery on bone samples. In biomechanical assessment, about stiffness factor, those groups which operated by tendon transfer method, we need less power. About fracture, in those groups which operated by tendon transfer method, more force in necessary to break. In those groups which operated by tendon transfer method, the rate of calcium is much more than matrix because their feet can tolerate their weight in comparison, in those groups which operated without tendon transfer; the rate of calcium is less than matrix because of osteodystrophy. In pathological assessment, zenker necrosis and atrophy in both groups were detected but the acutness in witness group is more obviously. It could be claimed that utilizing two surgical methods; nerve anastomosis and tendon transfer with each other had more effect on function of paralyzed limbs.

Orthomixoviridae family viruses (Influenza viruses) are major cause of death in human with respiratory diseases. Although avian influenza in iranian chickens are associated with H9N2 subtype, there was not any study for seroprevalence of H9N2 avian influenza virus in human of ardabil area as yet. This study was to carried out to determined antibodies to H9N2 avian influenza virus in different human populations during November to February 2010 in Ardabil area, which is situated in the northwest of Iran.Antibodies against H9N2 virus were measured using HI test in 311 sera from two populations (patient and healthy) with different sex and agegroups including 86 serum samples of patients hospitalized with clinical symptoms of respiratory disease, 88 sera of patients hospitalized without respiratory complications , 41 sera of veterinarian and vaccinators, 44 sera of hospitalized medical personnel who related to health profession, and 52 sera of farmers, poultry-farm and slaughter-house workers. Data was evaluated with SPSS.The results of the HI test showed that in patients: 37.2% with 22.03±10.74 titer of the patients hospitalized with clinical symptoms of respiratory disease and 23.9% with 21.88±10.41 from patients hospitalized without respiratory complications, in healthy: 29.3% with 21.14±10.59 titer from veterinarian and vaccinators, 18.2% with 20.00±10.00 titer from hospitalized medical personnel who related to health profession and15.4% with 26.02±11.35 titer from farmers ,poultry-farm and slaughter-house workers were positive (HI titers 1/20). Seroprevalence of 27.0% and 23.6% were determined in male and female, respectively (P≥0.05).The highest and lowest seroprevalence among four age-groups of two human populations (patient and healthy) were observed in 30≤ (26.5%) and 46-60 (22.4%) years, respectively, (P≥0.05). According to results of this study, different groups of humans were contacted with H9N2 avian influenza virus that the highest contact was detected in patients hospitalized with respiratory complication and in regard to occupation was observed in veterinarian and vaccinators.

Ketamine one of the more important and clinical blocker of brain stimulatory neurotransmitter (glutamate) receptors is a suitable injectable anesthetic in human and animal that has a low intestinal absorption rate. It's bioavailability in human with oral administration is %207 and with rectal administration in cat is %43.56.1 .this drug has some side effects such as hypertension , histamine releasing effects, hallucination, hyper salivation (specially with oral administration) and etc. Alprazolam is a mild acting benzodiazepine that can pass trough bloodbrain barrier and causes CNS suppression. Then it seems that co administration of Alprazolam and ketamine cause more effective & deep CNS depression effects. The aim of this study was evaluation of ketamine and Alprazolam CNS suppression effects in the manner of single and together in cat. Ten free roaming male & mature cats received drugs [ketamine (20, 40, 80mg/kg) & Alprazolam (5, 10, 15mg/kg)] first in mixture of milk (4 ml) or meat (30g) or sublingual spray rout. In 2nd stage they received concomitant doses of Alprazolam & ketamine by the method mentioned above. Each animal was observed continually by educated observer for CNS depression as graded on the behavioral scales. Almost all of the animals rejected receiving drugs in mixture of milk and meat. So sublingual spray rout used for oral administration of drugs. Alprazolam & ketamine showed dose dependent effects in different administered doses. Concomitant use of Alprazolam with ketamine improved depth and duration of ketamine's CNS depression effects. So results of this study showed this fact that administration of ketamine & Alprazolam in mixture of milk & meat is not a suitable method in cats. Also Alprazolam in mentioned doses caused a weak suppression of CNS. But a strong and long time CNS depression is achieved when ketamine sprayed in mouth (as sublingual form). These Symptoms are considered significant in co administration of these two drugs.