فصلنامه زن در فرهنگ و هنر (پژوهش زنان)
سال هفتم شماره 2 (تابستان 1394)

This study concerns to analyze femininity identity by psychoanalysis approach of Lacan. Psychoanalysis is certainly one of the most areas of debate within feminist artists. The main question of this research is: “How does video art show the femininity identity?” So initially we tried to categorize different influential concepts of Lacan’s psychoanalysis which is necessary to get to know his attitude about gender. Video art is one of the new media arts born after World War II. Video is a medium which come to challenge other media in different subjects. In this research, we have explained that how video art has tried to show the femininity identity in contrast with the other media like cinema and television.The main concern of this study is exploring the ways in which female identity is constructed and mediated through the art of video art. Therefore, some videos have been analyzed according to Lacan's theory. In this way, a women video artist Pipilotti Rist (1962) has been selected. Rist made lots of works about the female body by concentrating on color and sound. Im not the girl who misses much, Ever is over all, I couldnt agree with you more and Be nice to me are the videos which analyzed by Lanan theory about gender identity in the article. By analyzing her, it can be known that video art changes the position of women and it changes the language and structures of dominant display.

Several factors influenced on the presence of women in the Pahlavi era. In the new structures after the constitutionalism and along with absolute modernism of Pahlavi, the discourses based on democracy, socialism, Islamic resistance and autonomy, court became to the government and political figures changed to the people. In this era, the role of women determined on the basis of their social status and in sexual approach, their changed from a class-in-itself to class-for-itself. The outgrowth of social backdrops caused that we can see a more active presence of women in second Pahlavi era compare to past periods in the visual arts areas specially in painting accordingly the history of Tehran art galleries from 1949 until 1979 B.C and their activities corroborated this. Study of social backdrops that moved these women from marginalization to mainstream is the purpose of this article and concerning that there is no study on this topic, addressing this is so necessary and it’s an attempt to answer the question what social backdrops influenced on increasing the presence of women specially painter women in Pahlavi era? In this study, collecting of contents is based on libraries and field research and written on comparative, descriptive and analytic method and cultural and social backdrops of women painter of Pahlavi era who their works was exhibited studied. We can understand that the presence of supporter man in family, learning, social class, urban life, spreading culture in public trough medias and cultural institute, legal and natural presence of queen, the supports of government trough cultural politics, social movements of women and change of women role in 20 century, had a effective role in rise of women’s social position and specially painter women of second Pahlavi era.

Sections of history were unsaid because they happened beside facts. In these situations, minds were attracted by what is visible. As a result, few facts were ignored. In many of sources that considered Fath Ali Shah`s iconography, his intense tendency toward using jewelries or attention to appearance defined as his diplomatic policies toward foreigners. This note has a considerable place in art studies that no one wants to analyze it. In a comparison which is performed between the paints of harem women and Fath Ali Shah`s iconography, there were some similarities that highlight womanly tastes effects on these habits. Therefore, present research considers harem and its effects on Fath Ali Shah`s taste and introduces these effects by using historical-descriptive approach. View of this article is new in art studies. and its a one of important points of this research.

Regarding the theories of power, a number of scientists believe that power is general exercised across the society through the “contextual” mechanisms. the present study aims to identify the contextual mechanisms which allow gendered power. The present study addresses the issue of how movies toward the subjugation of women and the strenghening of the masculism discourse.also this study examines how women,s counter discourse disrupts the pattern of power enacting.For responding to studies question gendered power is evaluated and interpreted using critical discourse analysis and Pelgi and Wodak combination approach as well as the theories of Bakhtin, Althusser, Žižek and Julia Kristeva and their most important concept such as discourse struggle, subjectivization through interpellation, fantasization, and contamination in two films of Tahmineh Milani and Rakhshan Banietemad.Findings show that the films of Tahmineh Milani are Texts of monophonic and power exerting is Unilateral and it is from masculism discourse . mechanisms of power exerting is used by masculism discourse for Acts of domination.the films of Rakhshan Banietemad are Texts of Polyphonic and All the discourses can speak . also,Power is distributed among them. All the discourses ues mechanisms of power exerting and Women have resisted opportunities.

There are opponents and proponents in the new debate on feminine and masculine literature. Opponents emphasize nonsexual nature of literature¡ and feminist and proponents of research from different perspectives have arrived at the conclusion that feminine and masculine literatures are different. In order to find the answer to the question “does gender affect literature”¡ we examined and analyzed the subject with different biological¡ psychological¡ sociological¡ linguistics¡ and literary approaches¡ so that different aspects of feminine and masculine literary differences can be demonstrated. A literary work is the product of mentality¡ language¡ and the impact of gender on it firstly depends on two main factors. On the one hand¡ the intrinsic female and male differences¡ as the most primitive factors¡ impact creating mental¡ behavioral¡ intellectual¡ and linguistic differences in literature¡ and on the other hand¡ the gender differences in social and cultural construct¡ which have caused prejudice¡ inequality¡ and domination of men over women. A collection of these differences has led to creation of different mental world¡ worldview¡ experience¡ thought¡ vision¡ language and writing of women and men¡ and has revealed reflection of differences in literary works at some levels of linguistics¡ style¡ context¡ theme¡ and different type of expression.

The present article seeks to provide a meta-analysis of all studies in the field of women’s employment since the Islamic Revolution. Multiple researches in the different decade illustrate the importance of employment. The methodology for this literature review included a keyword search looking for “woman and employment”, using research reports from the National Library databases, Iran Doc and Normags In the period from 1357 to 1393 and 87 books, 8 thesis, 132 scholarly articles and 13 research reports were found. After a collection of recent articles was accumulated, reference lists were examined in order to uncover hidden aspects of employment and the movement of the Islamic Republic of Iran in scientific body. Studies suggest a consistent view and no change have been made in the field of theory. There is no content and important structural change that indicates the formation of a new theoretical space in this area. The spirit of the majority of the studies has been quantitative and increasing the presence of women in employment has been most concerned. Over the past 30 years, both in the scientific field and in the executive arena, changes in theoretical and practical steady employment of women are not evident.

Marriage in each of the different regions of Iran is affected by the ethnic and religious beliefs. Polygamy phenomenon in Sarbaz in under debate because inside of this tradition some modernization factors also being establishment. According to this incompatibility, polygamy in the field of mental health is studied in this paper. In this study 300 men who have one wife and polygamous has been studied by using cluster sampling method in terms of mental health questionnaire (GHQ), social health questionnaire (Keyes) and Family Health (McMaster model) were studied. The results of ANOVA showed that the averages of mental health (anxiety, depression and anger) among the men who have 3 or 4 wives are decreased significantly. The averages of social health (Social Integration and actualization) among the men who have 3 or 4 wives were lower significantly. Also, the average of acceptance rate was not significantly different among these 3 groups. Family health in polygamous families in terms of average turnout empathetic and emotional bond is significantly lower than in monogamous families. For conclusion, to reduce the impacts of psychological and social polygamous lifestyle on men, family therapy and professional services recommended.

Nowadays, because of the special and pivotal place of women in the family and nurturing future generations; problems and issues related to women has become one of the main concerns of thinkers and intellectuals. Jalal Al-e-Ahmad (1302-1348 AHS) and Mustafa Lutfi al-Manfaluti (1876-1924 AD) are two of the social reformers and contemporary writers in the field of Persian and Arabic literature. Each of them has presented women issues and criticized its different aspects as the conditions of their own society and the specific viewpoint that they had toward social and cultural problems. The present study which has compared the works of these two writers with a descriptive-analytic method indicate the presence of many similarities in their approach to women issues which can be studied in six general areas including west oxification, freedom, social injustices, hijab, marriage, and science learning and while being similar in concepts they are presented in somewhat different writing styles when appropriate.