International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain prevention
Volume:1 Issue: 1, Winter 2016

Chronic Low back pain (CLBP) is one of the most prevalent health problems which is affected by psychological disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of psychological intervention on chronic low back pain among a sample of Iranian nurses.
Material and This is a randomized clinical trial. The participants of this study consisted of 84 nurses suffering from chronic back pain and working in Valiasr hospital, Tehran-Iran. The recru­ited nurses were randomly assigned to inter­vention and control groups (42 nurses in each group). The demographic questionnaire and Visual Analog Ass­essment scales (VAS) and a Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) were used to collect data at the beginning of the study and 3 months following completion of the inter­vention. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, T-test and paired T-test.
Forty-two nurses, with a mean age of 32 ± 8.2 and 31.5 ±7.4 years in the intervention group and control group respectively, took part in this study. The two groups were not significantly different at the beginning of the study in terms of demographic data (P>0.05).At the 3-month follow up, the pain rate in the intervention group was significantly decreased from 4.47 to 4.09 (P The findings of this study showed that psychological interventions reduced stress anxiety, depression as well as low back pain among Iranian nurses. It is recommended that furt­her research with larger sample and longer follow up be conducted to confirm the findings of this study.

Osteoporosis is one of the most common metabolic bone diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a walking education program based on the health belief model (HBM) on osteoporosis among women.
Material and In this quasi-experimental research design, 120 patients (60 experimental and 60 control),who were registered with the health centers in Fasa City of Fars Province, Iran, participated in the study in 2014. A questionnaire consisting of demographic information and HBM constructs was used at pre-intervention, imme­diately after their intervention, and then six months later. Bone mineral density (BMD) was recorded at the lumbar spine and femur prior to and six months post-intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS19' through 'chi-square test, inde­pendent t-test, repeated measure ANOVA at a significance level of 0.05.
Immediately and six months after the intervention, the experimental group showed increased in know­ledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers perceived, self-effic­acy, perceived internal cues to action and walking perfo­rmance compared to the control group. Six months after the intervention, the value of lumbar spine BMD T-Score in the experimental group increased to 0.127, while in the control group it decreased to -0.043. The value of the hip BMD T Score in the intervention group increased to 0.125 and in contrast, it decreased to -0.028 in the control group.
This study showed the increased knowledge and walking behavior regarding walking benefits could improve bone density. Therefore, HBM model can be a basic framework for designing and 'carrying out' educational interventions for women’s osteoporosis.

Low back pain is the most common cause of disability and absence from work among young and middle-aged people. As there is limited knowledge regarding this problem among Iranian students, this study aimed to determine the preva­lence of low back pain and its ‘related socio­demo­graphic factors among students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Material and This is a cross-sectional study in which 200 students of Islamic Azad University were selected purposively.
Demographic questionnaire and Ronald-Morris Disability Scale were used to collect data regarding characteristics and disability caused by back pain. Data were entered SPSS 16 and analyzed through descriptive and analytic statistics.
In total, 190 students including78 (41%) men and 112 (59%) women were assessed. Of all studied students 113 individuals 65.9 %were suffering from low back pain and 91 students (47.8 %) were suffering from pain_ related disability. Body mass index (BMI) was normal in most participants. There was significant negative relationship between low back pain and physical activity (P= 0.006).
To sum up, the results of this study verified a significant relationship among low back pain and disability. Moreover, the students who were more active and were living in good socio-economic status were less probably to suffer from low back pain and disability.

Various studies have reported the prevalence of low back pain in specific populations very differently. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of low back pain and related factors among the referees to health centers in Dehloran, Iran.
Material and In this cross sectional study, two hundred and seventy three referees to health centers in Dehloran, who aged between 20 to 45 years old and were satisfied to be studied, were entered to the study after providing signed written consent form. The data were collected using the valid/ reliable researcher -made quest­ionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire has been obtained by inserting the expert's views in the questionnaire and the reliability was mea­sured through cron­bach's alpha which was calculated as 78%. The data has been analyzed using SPSS16.
The lifetime prevalence of low back pain among the studied participants was 52.38%. There were significant relationship between low back pain and education level, residency location, hours per day working with computer and sedentary life style. (All p value was This study showed low back pain was prevalent among referees to health centers aged between 20 to 45 years old. Sedentary life style and much working with computer were rela­ted significant factors. Designing proper interv­ention to prevent low back pain among this target group is recommended.

Although Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) rarely threatens the humans’ lives, those individuals suffering from such pain experience a variety of health-related problems and difficulties such as physical disability. This study aimed to determine the relationship between low back pain and physical disability among nurses working in Pastor Hospital of Bam, Kerman, Iran.
Material and This cross sectional study was conducted among nurses and paramedics who suffering from chronic low back pain and working in Pastor hospital in Agu, 2015. Through randomly sampling, 120 eligible individuals were recruited of which 104 individuals were satisfied to enter to the study. The standard tools of Owsestry Disability Index (ODI) and Visual Analog Scale (Vas) as well as demographic questionnaire were used to collect data. The SPSS software, version 18 was used to analyze the data.
In all, 104 participants with mean age of 34.7±8.9were assessed. The majority of the partici­pants (N= 90, 86.5%) were female. There were signi­ficant association between functional disab­ility and low back pain intensity (P The results of this study showed that the chronic low back pains among nurses were related to their disability. Therefore, it seems to improving low back pain among this target group can be an effective step to improve their physical function in their workplaces.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) represent one of the most frequently occurring and costly occupational issue in nursing. The nursing profession is one of the most stressful occupations today, because of the quantity and diversity of risk factors associated with the work environment. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between burnout syndrome and musculoskeletal disorders.
Material and In this cross-sectional study a questionnaire survey was carried out among 415 nursing personnel in five educa­tional hospitals in Hamedan, Iran. Data were collected through two unnamed questi­onnaires including Maslach Burnout Inventory, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).
Statistical analysis showed that the most commonly painful regions among the nurses were lower back (5.53%), left foot (5.08%), and head and neck (4.43%), right foot (4.90%), right knee (3.84%) and left knee (3.74%). The lowest pain, were found to be in right and left elbows (1.99%) and (1.91%), respectively. Also emotional exhaustion, deperson­aliza­tion and personal accomplishment has signif­icant correlation with musculoskeletal disorders (P=0.0­00, r= 0.122).
The results showed high prevalence of MDS among Iranian nurses that could be due to emotional exhaustion and depression.

we aimed to evaluate the effect of body weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) on Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in healthy postmenopausal Iranian women.
Material and Two hundred postm­enopausal women (age between 51 and 69 years) who had presented to the nuclear medicine center at Shariati Hospital in Tehran, Iran between April 2012 and August 2013 were included in this cross sectional study. Of these 46 healthy women who met the study criteria constituted for evaluation. After recording weight and height of individuals, Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg/m2) was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height square (m2). Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in Femoral Neck (FN) and lumbar spine sites (L1-L4) were mea­sured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).
We observed statistically significant negative correlation between BMD measurements at femoral neck and lumbar1-4 spine with age and significant positive correlation with weight and BMI. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that only weight and age, after adjustments to BMI determined lumbar1-4 spine BMD (R² =23%) and femoral neck BMD (R² =28.6%).
These results suggest that the relationship between body weights and BMD is Stronger than the between BMI and BMD. Therefore, in comparison with body mass index, body weight alone is a better predictor of bone mineral density.