فصلنامه روان شناسی و دین
سال نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 33، بهار 1395)

This research aims at developing an initial test on problem-solving skill based on theoretical Islamic principles. A content analysis method and scaling method are used in this research in which 100 people were randomly chosen from among religious students. The structure of the variables foe problem-solving drawn from Islamic sources is based on controlling excitement, identifying and defining the problem, recognizing the aims and impediments, creative thought and counselling, decision-making, trust and supplication, evaluating the process of inefficient, hasty and rejected styles , belief in testing or considering problems as threats and optimism or pessimism. Religious scholars and psychologists see that, the validity of this structure is calculated according to Likert Scale multiple choice with the overall average of 3.62 and variance of ./2. The research result shown that the average of validity of the statements is 3.51, the variance is 0.37, the correlation is 0.88 and the significance is 0.01. The validity of test was known as a result of investigating the identity of questionnaires with Cronbach's alpha coefficient at 0.96 level. Half-splitting, gives the two halves a validity of 0.93 and 0.95, which confirms the great reliability and validity of this test.

This research seeks to compare between the effects of Islamic interventions in couple therapy and that of the developed cognitive-behavioral couple therapy on increasing the couples’ marital satisfaction. Islamic couple therapy is based on the method of independent judgment which is used in the Islamic sciences. The cognitive-behavioral method is drawn from the works of Epstein and Baucom. In the statistical comparison between the two approaches, the analysis-based test of ‘’frequent variance or related measures’’ was used. The Islamic couple therapy consists of the five sections: cognitive, emotional, behavioral, structural interventions (power distribution, conjugal rights and limits according to Islamic fiqh) and spiritual interventions (doctrinal, moral and ritual instructions). The statistical investigation shows that both methods have significant effects on increasing the couples’ marital satisfaction but no significant differences are detected between the efficiency of each of the two methods. Similarly, the sub-scales of personality adaptation, marital relations, conflict, and leisure time have significant change in the two methods but no significant difference is detected between the two methods.

The psychotherapy/ education based on the quality of life is intended to increase essential richness and psychological wellbeing and promote one’s contentment in life. Using a descriptive analytical method, this research aims at providing an Islamic pattern of psychotherapy based on the quality of life. The psychotherapy based on the quality of life uses the five-way CASIO model for promoting all aspects of life. The findings of this research show that the Islamic pattern of psychotherapy/ education based on improving the quality of life contributes to promoting one’s quality of life, contentment and happiness by orientating individual views towards monotheism(A), orientating the standards of living in every aspect of life towards monotheism (S), changing one’s priorities in life, adopting the monotheistic order of priorities(I), concentrating on the neglected aspects of life(O) and, finally, coordinating them with the monotheistic realities.

This research aims to investigate the role of devotion to God in university students’ sanity and aim in life. The research is of correlative kind and the population sample consists of all the BA male students of Behbahan Islamic Azad University. 172 students were chosen for this survey through a staged cluster sampling method. A questionnaire on devotion to God, a questionnaire on public health and a questionnaire on the aim in life were used in this survey. The data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The results of Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed that there is a significant relationship between students’ devotion to God, on one hand, and their sanity and aim in life on the other. Furthermore, the results of the simultaneous regression analysis show that 17 percent of the variance in mental health and 29% of the variance in the aim in life are explained by the variable of attachment to God.

The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship of Islamic lifestyle with mental health and degree of resilience among Kashan University students. The population sample consists of 364 students who were chosen by using a cluster sampling method. Kaviani’s lifestyle test ILST, a questionnaire about good mental health GHQ-28 and Conner and Davidson’s questionnaire about Resilience CD-RIS were used in this survey. Regression Analysis was used for analyzing the data. The findings of research show that there is a significant relationship between Islamic lifestyle of Kashan University students and their mental health and degree of resilience. Also, the results of the particular propositions of this research show that there is relationship between the students’ Islamic lifestyle, mental health and degree of resilience and their sex. On the other hand, a significant relationship is detected between the students’ Islamic lifestyle, mental health and degree of resilience and their marital status. Considering the results of this research, we can conclude that Islamic lifestyle contributes to the promotion of the students’ mental health and degree of resilience.

This research aims to investigate the relationship of spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence with self-efficiency among the students of Dezful Islamic Azad University. The population sample consists of 340 students who were randomly chosen by using a multi-stage method. A questionnaire about spiritual intelligence, emotional and general self-efficacy was used for collecting the data. The data Pearson’s correlation coefficient, step-by step Regression and multi-variable variance were used for analyzing the data. The results show that spiritual intelligence has a positive and significant relationship with self-efficacy. Emotional intelligence and its four elements (self-awareness, self-control, social skills, and self-motivation) have a positive and significant relationship with self-efficacy. Similarly the components of self-control and social skills have a positive and significant relationship with spiritual intelligence, but no significant relationship is detected between the components of spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence. The results of Regression analysis shows that self-awareness, self-control, critical existential thought, social skills, and personal meaning-making, respectively, are the best predictors of self-efficacy, and there is a significant difference between males and females in terms of empathy and self-control.

This research aims to investigate the relationship of spiritual intelligence, religiosity and forgiveness with social harmony among first year students. The sample consists of 327 BA students who were randomly chosen by cluster sampling form among first year student in Uroomiya University. Seraj Zadeh’s ‘’religiosity scale’’ Badi’a and colleagues’ ‘’measure of spiritual intelligence’’ Walker and Gorsuch’s, ‘’forgiveness scale’’, and Baker and Siryk’s ‘’measure of social harmony scale were used for collecting the data. Correlation Coefficient and Hierarchical Regression were used for analyzing the data. The results of this paper show that spiritual intelligence, religiosity, forgiveness and their components have a significant relationship with social harmony, and they can predict and explain social harmony (P=0.01 and R2= 0.37). Therefore, we can conclude that the variables of religiosity, spiritual intelligence and forgiveness have a decisive role in ensuring conformity between first year students and university environment, and its affairs and problems. Hence, concentration on the predicting variables of this research can contribute to developing efficient programs for promoting social harmony.

This study aims to investigate the relationship of religious orientation with happiness and quality of life among the students of Razi University in Kermanshah. 373 students (194 females and 179 males) were randomly chosen by using a sampling method. The data were collected from Alport’s Religious Orientation Scale (ROS), Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) and the questionnaire about quality of life, and simple correlation coefficient and Multiple Regression were used for analyzing the data. The findings show that the relationship of interior religious orientation with quality of life and happiness is positive, and the relationship of general religious orientation with happiness and quality of life is positive and significant. But, statistically, the relationship of outer religious orientation with happiness and quality of life is not significant. Therefore, we can say that the happiness and quality of life of those with inner religious orientation is greater.