مجله تعالی بالینی
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 9، بهار 1395)

Today, music therapy and consequently the use of religion and religious music are in the attention of health authorities in various countries. In addition, in the Islamic countries the holy Quran used for healing the patients. Since the Quran considers all aspects of people's lives, therefore one of its miracles is matching of Quran teachings with the newest scientific achievements. Studies in this area are increasing. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of Quran and religious music on physical and mental health of peoples.
After searching In the available Database with the proper keywords in both Persian and English and with no time limit, 117 articles were obtained. Of these, 45 articles were selected as most relevant to our objectives and were examined. Similar studies were excluded or as much as possible were merged with each other with the discretion of the investigator. According to studies, the positive impact of religion and religious music in physical and mental health is undeniable. Quran recitation also due to its peaceful nature, in different studies introduced as an effective treatment for physical and mental diseases. According to the results of this study it is recommended to treatment team members to use for this Therapeutic method.

Low back pain (LBP) is a major problem in public health. Among the various causes. The back pain is strongly associated with inter-vertebral disc degeneration and the most common disease referred to spine surgeons are lumbar disc herniation (LDH). About 20% of young people have mild symptoms of disc degeneration which gradually increases with age, especially in men. Thus about 60% of seventy years old peoples have sever lumbar disc degeneration. Although most of the symptoms caused by mechanical effect of disc but inflammatory cascade drive from Arachidonic (MMTX, .PGE2,) is another justification for disc pain. The first step in the clinical suspicion to lumbar discopathy is history and careful examination. Any pain in the lower back on a path to lower limbs with dermatomal spread and any weakness and numbness in the lower extremities, especially if happen to be acutely, enhances clinical suspicion. In addition to clinical examination, MRI is an excellent diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of soft tissue lesions and lumbar discopathy. On the other hand, sometimes disc herination alone or with another inflammatory or infectious or neoplastic disorders make different course of manifestation in some patients. Attention to accurate training to medical students and improve the ability to differentiate various differential diagnosis of discopathy can play an important role in the prevention of terrible complications of the disease.

Insulin resistance is one of the metabolic syndrome symptoms. This syndrome is progressive and can lead to diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have indicated that chromium supplementation is effective in increasing the insulin sensitivity and control hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes. Therefore, current study aimed to review the available evidence regarding the relation between chromium and glucose homeostasis. This review study was done by searching on PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science by entering “diabetes mellitus”, “insulin sensitivity”, “insulin resistance”, “chromium” and “metabolic syndrome” as keywords. In this study, clinical trial, cross-sectional, retrospective and prospective studies which were published during 1995 to 2014 were reviewed. Studies show that the consumption of high dose of chromium supplement (1000 µg) during more than 12 weeks not only improves insulin sensitivity, but also alters body fat distribution and reduce weight gain trends in patients with diabetes. In addition, chromium consumption decreases insulin requirements to the anti-diabetic drugs in patients with diabetes. However, there are contradicting results that show intake of low doses of chromium (400 µg) during 12 weeks did not show any significant change in insulin sensitivity. So, due to few studies and conflicting results in this regard, more research is suggested.

Malaria, a parasitic infection caused by the genus Plasmodium that annually more than 200 million new cases were reported from all over the world. Most people show symptoms and sometimes the blood differently to recognize and correct decisions about appropriate treatment approach with their problems. In this study, various hematologic complications caused by Plasmodium types are discussed. The review of the scientific search databases PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Magiran, SID, IranMedex using standard keyword Plasmodium, malaria, anemia and blood disorders (Hematologic Disorder) between 2000-2015 were extracted. The articles of clinical trials, prospective cohort, retrospective, cross-sectional and case-control study were conducted. Articles that evaluate the effects of malaria plasmodium types of cells and blood indices were studied and Articles with target groups of children, teenagers and animals, as well as articles written in languages ​​other than English and Farsi were excluded. According to the literature review, we can say that except for proven cases of iron deficiency anemia and vascular adhesion caused by Sticky shaped cell (Knob), reducing the level of hemoglobin and hematocrit, today as part of pancytopenia and severe Thrombocytopenia, Plasmodium infection are called irrefutable. All of this, along with the occurrence of inflammation caused by the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and complement activation can be too complex clinical picture of malaria in patients with hematologic if it appears.

Spirituality as a dimension of human existence that has received a lot of attention in recent years. An essential part of addressing the spiritual needs of care "holistic" in nursing and nurses will always exist that call-spiritual needs of their patients. Nurses as comprehensive health care providers have a responsibility to consider this spiritual aspect of their client. Regarding the importance of spirituality in care and diversity of instruments for measuring this concept and use of different measurement tools for measuring this important, this study provides a comprehensive overview of studies in the field of spirituality by nurses in Iran was conducted. this paper aims to evaluate and assess the validity and reliability of instruments was used by Iranian nurses to measuring this concept. In this literature review, a review was undertaken from 2006 to 2013 by key words such as "spirituality", "spiritual care", "spiritual intervention", "spiritual adjustment", "spiritual coping"; in Iranian databases including, SID, Magiran and Iranmedex and Among the articles in this period of time 24 articles based on the inclusion criteria, were selected and analyzed. The literature review indicated that subject of spirituality is emphasized in nursing research. There are many tools for measuring this concept and nurses use these instruments to measure spirituality, but there are many problems on how to determine the instruments’ validity and reliability in research. Instrument validation, before using in study, is very important and lack of addressing this issue, leading in poor results and some will be wrong. Hence, it is mandatory to use valid and reliable tools, and this should be considered more in nursing studies.

Considering the anti-atherogenic effects of dietary compounds, development of anti-atherosclerotic therapy on the basis of natural products has been promoted. Garlic has been used as a therapeutic agent for many illnesses over centuries as evidenced from various studies; however, its role in prevention or regression of atherosclerosis in CAD patients is still questionable. We reviewed all English or face trial studies from 1995 to 2015 on the subject by using from Cochrane, Pubmed, Science direct, Web of Science, Magiran, Scopus, IranMedex, SID. After reading the title and abstract of articles by tow person, 6 trials on the effect of garlic on artery intima-media thickness, was included. Studies have shown that daily intake of 300 -900 mg garlic may have beneficial effects on the intima-media thickness in coronary artery disease patients and also in healthy people. Possible mechanisms include inhibiting the progression of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, reduction of intracellular cholesterol esters and increasing reverse cholesterol transport in macrophages. Treatment with garlic-based drugs can be an effective treatment for intima-media thickness regression in coronary artery disease patients and may be considered as a safe adjunct treatment. Further clinical studies require.

Generation experienced and qualified human resources to provide essential health care is obvious. To achieve this, the nursing education as part of the medical education system of the country, in order to maintain and strengthen the integrity of education and development should be reviewed continuously. Compare different educational systems improve the quality of the Curriculum. The aim of this study was to compare nursing education system in Iran and Japan.
This study was a comparative descriptive and the nursing education system in all levels were compared with Japan. Finding showed that Nursing Japan, in terms of the modern and well-established training all levels of undergraduate nursing and a doctorate from Iran ahead. Unlike Iran, in Japan the entrance to all levels without passing the national test and acceptance criteria, are set by each university independently. Also Nursing education programs in all levels of education as well as the type and number of credits in a variety of basic and specific, while in Iran at all levels about a similar program runs throughout the country. Iran often nursing courses are taught by faculty of nursing, but in Japan often done by phisitions. Clinical Training in Japan by clinical educators who are not affiliated with the School of Nursing and the faculty member, only monitoring clinical training. In terms of social image of nursing and nursing education accreditation, both countries are nearly similar. Since the Iran nursing education Compared with Japan has strengths and weaknesses. Obviously, analyzing these points with regard to the cultural, social, historical, economical background, is useful to solve the problems in Iran nursing education.

Decision making based on best available research evidence for increasing efficiency and effectiveness of policies is one of the most important concerns of policy makers all over the world and policy-making in health systems is no exception. This approach, which is known as Evidence-informed policy making (STP), in recent years much attention has been paid to this approach. The objective of this study is to contribute to a wider understanding of (STP) and explain support tools to this policy making in health system. In this review article, different papers, reports and relative books were used in order to gather relevant information. They were identified through searching electronic databases using proper key words and reference scanning of key papers. The data were synthesized using a narrative approach. Systematic process that is explained in this study can be applied to support evidence-informed health policymaking. It highlights the importance and needs for identifying, assessing, synthesis and use of valid and reliable research evidence and provides suggestions regarding with these issues. An evidence-informed policymaking approach can enable policymakers, policy analysers to better communications with researchers. It also allows using relevant and best available evidence timely and effectively. It can facilitate well-informed decision-making process and may result in more effective and efficient policies in health systems.Decision making based on best available research evidence for increasing efficiency and effectiveness of policies is one of the most important concerns of policy makers all over the world and policy-making in health systems is no exception. This approach, which is known as Evidence-informed policy making (STP), in recent years much attention has been paid to this approach. The objective of this study is to contribute to a wider understanding of (STP) and explain support tools to this policy making in health system. In this review article, different papers, reports and relative books were used in order to gather relevant information. They were identified through searching electronic databases using proper key words and reference scanning of key papers. The data were synthesized using a narrative approach. Systematic process that is explained in this study can be applied to support evidence-informed health policymaking. It highlights the importance and needs for identifying, assessing, synthesis and use of valid and reliable research evidence and provides suggestions regarding with these issues. An evidence-informed policymaking approach can enable policymakers, policy analysers to better communications with researchers. It also allows using relevant and best available evidence timely and effectively. It can facilitate well-informed decision-making process and may result in more effective and efficient policies in health systems.