مجله مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونتگاه های انسانی
پیاپی 19 (تابستان 1391)

As the urban development has overtaken the capacity and potentials of the governments and municipalities in extending the infrastructures and providing employment, informal settlements are quickly and irregularly increasing. Studies performed on the informal settlements in Sanandaj (Kurdistan province) suggest that the majority of immigrations to the suburban areas of Sanandaj are from rural areas and are resulted from economical and security concerns (during the imposed war of Iraq against Iran and insecurities within the province). Studies on comprehensive and detailed plans of Sanandaj show that no better position has been considered for the low-income urban classes. In other words, they are missed in the studies. Also the demands of these classes for housing and the way these demands are supposed to be fulfilled have not been studied in the urban development plans. Therefore, one of the reasons that drive these low-income classes to the suburban areas of the cities and their settlement outside the area is attributed to the lack of attention to the demand for housing of these classes in developing formal plans.
In addition to determining the most important structural problems in the informal settlements of Sanandaj, using correlation matrix, the rate of correlation between indices has been studied in this paper and the results suggest that the first important problem in suburban areas of Sanandaj is the usage of high amounts of low quality and inordinate materials in the construction of the buildings. The second important problem is low average area of residential parcels. Finally in this paper, the informal housing area of Sanandaj is assessed, using SWOT technique.

In recent years tourism as a new mechanism for the relief of poverty, unemployment, environmental disturbances and underdevelopment countries, especially developing countries has been considered. In the process of data analysis in this study In addition to the use of questionnaires and statistical analysis related is used two models of Delphi and the Analytical Hierarchy Process.
Seems to be due to lack of proper and harmonious development of integrated tourism (urban - rural) a lot of pressure on the environment enters the city of Ramsar. Relationship between lack of proper development of tourism Tlfyqyaz one hand and the growing pressure on the other hand, there are environmental and the coordinated development of urban and rural tourism, apart from their agreements the same amount of damage to nature and the environment will be more... .

In recent years, the preparation and implementation of Rural Guide Plan (RGP) has been one of the important steps in the development of rural areas in Iran. Currently, such projects are the most important tools in the villages for leading construction activities. With improving the physical structure in villages through the implementation of RGPs, the utilization of rural residents from public services has increased. Consequently the status of rural life has been improved which has raised the interest of villagers to live in rural areas. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the physical impacts of the implementation of RGPs from villagers viewpoint, so that the degree of the effectiveness of plans to be evaluated. The methodology of this study is mainly descriptive and the main data used in the research has been obtained from a field work through the use of questionnaires which has been analyzed using a number of statistical methods. The main findings of this study are: 1. The Implementation of RGP has been effective in term of improving the level of public services in the selected villages. 2. Implementation of RGP has increased the new constructions and has improved the construction methods, durability and outlook of buildings. 3. Implementation of RGP has increased rural resident's willingness to live in their villages which has led to the gradual reduction of rural-urban migrations. 4. Despite the positive physical impacts and improvement of public services in the villages, implementation of RGPs has not been successful in terms of economic pint of view and job creation.

The forward research has been done with target recognition and specifying geostrategic ability of the Qods occupying regime to identify and determine the geo-strategic capabilities in the hardware field (military power), geo-politics (policy settlements and water) and software (the media) and its impact on the geopolitical Islamic republic of Iran.
Geographic area where the research has been conducted, limited to the south and south-west Asia and north Africa are, But because of the widespread influence of this regime in the countries and international institutions, particularly the United States and its influence on the geo-strategic capabilities Quds occupiers, This relationship was also considered and investigated.
Methods In this descriptive study - analysis and use of library resources, documents and the Internet are usually "common method is to study the humanities.This study shows that politicians in the occupied territories and are based on the belief that peace in South-West Asia, Only through a combination of powerful hardware and software, it has achieved this regime, The only obstacle to achieving this result, the set of countries are supportive of the Islamic Resistance, And to crush the resistance, should be the mainstay and backbone of the Islamic Republic of Iran is about the in vision. So using all the tools that are intended to come into the beating heart of the Muslim world and its surrounds, And the different ways that affect the ability of geopolitical... .

During recent decades, urban development process has increased because of the industrial revolution. This process has facilitated urban target immigration which considered to be in priority comparing with urban – infrastructure construction. Such imbalance situation has made some problem for urban development. The Industrial development and other factors have affected in urban & rural structure. These factors have attracted the population to urban Centers.
This circumstance can be seen in the metropolitan specifically. Alvand town enjoying such specifications during for last decades. This analysis using Shannon's & Heldren models to study the town's physical development targeting the improvement of physical pattern of Alvand town. The result indicate that Alvand town had developed unsystematically due to the lack of municipality and urban management entities up to 1361. This town has developed such way in spite of establishing municipality since 1362 to 1375. The speed of development has decreased comparing to previous decades since 1375. This situation has made Alvand "town's appearance different & ugly. These models have indicated that the rate of spiral could be 43%. However, there is a huge difference between Antropi value made by horizontal development and urban spiral during last decades. so the results show that it would be possible to suggest "Nosrat Abad" (13th Zone) as future development pattern of Alvand town. So urban construction would be in priority than urban – target immigration... .

Park-Bazaar is a new concept in field of City and Urban Planning. In this particular type of markets, in addition to commercial and business space, is considered park or special green space, with the entertainment function for customers. Langeroud’s Park-Bazaar, that undoubtedly is one of the first cases and examples of these special markets in Iran, is located in fringe of this northern city. Study method is as kind of descriptive- analytical studies and based on both library and field studies method. This research is followed to study the role of Langeroud’s Park-Bazaar in urban sustainable development. In this way it is tried to study the role of park and entertainment green space in attracting of people to this collection, with Exploration in the characteristics of people and customers. The results of this study indicate that parks and urban green spaces, in addition increase the number of customers for markets and shopping centers adjacent to it, will be cause : high environmental quality, population and economic prospering, at least wasting customers opportunity and time with obtaining their diverse needs of them in a set, increase presence of families and subsequently strengthen the fundamental values ​​of society, increase presence of children and juvenescent with their families and subsequently to secure more these sets, increase morale of vivacity, establish Cultural and social Interactions and etc In such sets. All these factors show that combination of commercial-business functions with entertainment-passing leisure time function in a single set called "Park-Bazaar" can be promising new ways for doing urban sustainable development.

To evaluate and identify the most import and managerial-policy issues and problems of tea industry in Guilan, a study was conducted in 2010. Delphi method was used in this study involved a total of 54 members (15 farmers, 12 factory owners, 11 businessmen and 16 experts).The results showed that issues such as wealth and power Mafia drummer imports smuggled tea, tea accumulate on of experience, lack of strict government control son production and trade of tea, the lack of stable and long-term strategy and policy in stability, Lack of management and planning in the manufacturing, industrial and commercial tea, the tea industry is looking at a system of government, to deal with problems of passive Tea, Unethical interference in local government authorities and push them to buy green tea, Weaknesses in the education sector ,promoting the country's tea industry and government neglect in the cultivation and breeding of tea gardens and tea gardens release due to wrong policies of reform initiatives Tea, a very important point for the tea product that had a failure with the tea industry.

The evolving of city sociaties from smaller cities to larger ones has brought a bout some transformations in the such a way that it can be said that this trend has changed .the socital and cultural characteristics of these societies along with economic, political,environmental, and physical variables. In fact, in order to meet modern needs and consider the future generations’ share in resources, we should define and design a wise management of cities based on participatory urbanization and conscious participation of citizens. The presence of citizens in decision making and their closeness to authorities and , experts as well as ful filling their needs and wants respective of life condititions and social and economic features will be attainable through participatory urbanizations is not more than a deceiving , superficial manifestation and, at best , amounts to information and consultation offerings. However, numerous activities done or being done such as vicinity council elections, attention to NGOs, etc reflect a promising future so as to devise theoretical foundations for the participation of citizens in cities and identify factors establishing the oarticipation, of citizens. This study aims at investigatingparticipatory urbanization, participation and the role of people in city planning taking in to account the realities. At hand, as well as offering suggestions for the aims and favorable measures in order to establish participation. The main aims of this piece of research is to study participatory urbanization and the place of people in city planning in distric 6 of Isfahan. The methodology of the present study is descriptive – analytic, and the data were collected through action research, document analysis and libray research using questionnaire and interviews with experts and citizens. The collected data were then combined and compared with other research done and the results were utilized to provide and offer recommendations for the betterment and improvement of citizen participation in plannings of this study imply that making use of citizens’ views and comments via forming NGO and the promation of citizens participation through mass media can help us to reach this important goal.

Genesis a new concept by the name of urban region or megalopolis is actually development and extension flow of cities in a settlement system that it has got a determinate area and geographical limits that by increase of population number and area of cities, arises and appearances in different criterions. In this study the researcher has applied to investigation the method of appearance a regional megalopolis by the name of Hamedan on the base of population changes and has studied the cities of province in a regional settlement system by the library and documentary method with population and size-rank oscillation, for the purpose of determine the urban collection of Hamedan megalopolis and its functional beam on the base of architecture and urbanism high council criterion by the use of size-rank method. The result of this study shows that the only urban collection of Hamedan megalopolis will be a middle region with cities such as Hamedan, Marianaj, Bahar, Lalejin, SalehAbad and AsadAbad and southern and northern region do not have the capacity of urban collection with existent criterion.