پژوهشنامه تربیتی
سال دهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 42، بهار 1394)

Eating disorder is a relatively common disorder in psychiatric that is observed in the late adolescence and young adulthood and characterized by abnormal eating habits , food-related cognitive distortion , and weight . The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between parent-child conflict , fear of negative evaluation , and mental stressors of life.
120 women who had referred to nutrition and diet therapy clinics participated in this descriptive- correlation study ,that 50 people were selected among them, through convenience sampling and EAT-26 (eating attitude test) questionnaire After preliminary survey and diagnosis of eating disorder (Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa), this samples were answered to the following questionnaires in order : Parent-Child Relationship Scale (PCRS), Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale –short form ( FNES-B ) , Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). The Spss18 software was used for data analysis in both descriptive and inferential levels .
Statistics analysis findings showed that the Parent –Child Conflict had a negative and meaningful relationship(p Based on the findings of this study , the Fear of Negative Evaluation has a significant role in predicting the incidence of eating disorder (Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa), that is the more worried about the negative evaluation by others ,the more symptoms one shows . Mental Stressors of Life have important role in the incidence of the symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa disorder , that is stress and anxiety can remove the prohibition of eating and decrease self-denial which usually leads to caution against eating . Results show that there is a meaningful relationship between the parent–child conflict and Anorexia Nervosa .In the other words, the women who suffer from Anorexia Nervosa are either from families with psychopathological problems , or from families while they are extremely close to each other, but lack essential skills for emotional relationship or confronting with crisis .

This study’s objective is examination of attention to components of multi-cultural education value in Iran’s high school course history educational text-books. Research methods are attributive method and content analysis. First, components of multicultural education have been gained from theoretical texts and research case history and, then value of attention to these components have been analyzed. Research sampling include four high school course history edu-cational textbooks (History of Iran and World 1 and 2, Contemporary History of Iran, and Studying of History) in 2014-15 academic year, that had been passed up sampling due to the nature of research subject and limitation of sam-pling frame and had been considered whole sampling frame as a sample. Measuring tool was list of content analysis and research results had been ana-lyzed using with descriptive statistic indicators. The most major findings of research indicates: 1- In overall, 291 times have been attention to components of multicultural education that its frequency and percentage in History of Iran and World 1 and 2, Contemporary History of Iran and Studying of History textbooks respectively is 117 (40/2%), 57 (19/6%), 40 (13/7%) and 77 (26/5%). 2- Among the components of multicultural education, most attention paid to component of introduction of different cultures to students in educational text-books content with 62 frequency and 21/3% percentage, and least attention paid to component of creating context of mutual understanding from evolution of different cultures in educational textbook content with frequency 2 and 0/7% percentage.

Virtual learning challenges scheme to focus more, performing the necessary prediction, proper planning and investment, and developing strategic learning system, is an essential action and urgent for its success. The aim of this research is analyzing Virtual learning challenges in the educational system of the Islamic Azad University, Mahabad branch. The research method have been a combination of qualitative and quantitative method in this study. In qualitative method in order to arrange a questionnaire, an interview was done with 6 faculty members and in the quantitative one survey method was used.
The sample was consisted of 120 faculty members who were chosen by stratified random sampling method.Validity and reliability (0.86) in research tools were appropriate. The statistic method was exploratory factor analysis. The obstacles in virtual learning at Azad university of Mahabad are Pedagogy-behavioral, managerial-structural, economical-cultural, hepatobiliary - technology and professional-individual respectively.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of teaching coping skills according to CBT based on positive psychology on happiness of the students with adjustment problems. It's an experimental study with pre-test, post-test. Introduced by teachers, performing tests and screening, among first- high school girl students who were at the age of 15-14 and had adjustment problems in 1393-94 in Sari, using multi-stage random sampling, 40 students were selected randomly and by using random arrangement, 20 were placed in the experimental and 20 in the control group. The data were collected usingOxford Happiness Questionnaire. The experimental group received Coping skills training according to CBT based on positive psychology(Freudenberg, 2010b) for 14 sessions (two sessions per week 1/5 hours), while the control group had no training. Analysis of covariance demonstrated a significant difference in happiness between experimental and control groups at post-tests which shows that coping skills training with positive-oriented approach can be an effective intervention method for increasing happiness and therefore more effectively serve students with adjustment problems.

In the transition form an industrial society to an informational one, educational systems find it inevitable to change and improve themselves according to the current requirements. Today, students need to acquire skills that can help them process and use information to get the self-made knowledge and turn them in to permanent and independent learners who can manage their own learning. As constant learning is an indispensable result of information literacy, it can be realized by acquiring the skills of information literacy. Acquiring the skills of information literacy in the first years of school is of great importance to due to the fundamental role of education during this period. The current research aimed at presenting a curriculum framework based on information literacy of students at primary education level. To this aim, first, through the review of related literature, standards of information literacy and the major elements of curriculum were determined. Then, according to the standards of information literacy and also, the studies relevant to research area, the characteristics of curriculum major elements (objective, content, learning-teaching strategies and assessment methods) were deduced and described by considering the information literacy of students at primary education level, ultimately leading to the development of a curriculum based on the development of information literacy. On the basis of this framework, the characteristics of each of curriculum major elements are such that can eventually result in an independent, autonomous learner and also, a life-long researcher.

Emphasis the importance of public management is its holistic. With attitudes and new approaches to the public management to the point that instead of co-ordination and agility in adapting to environmental changes will lead to future changes? Each of the components of strategic human resource management at the intersection of asymmetric layers of integration strategies are in place organization? This is a major challenge in modern approaches to strategic management of human resources. To assume the correct relative performance components, Is this view to agile organization able to adapt and cope with environmental changes achieve? Access to this feature is ideal and the ideal of public administration? In this article we are dealing with it; Components, axles and challenges of new approaches in planning and strategic human resource management and Solutions come out of this challenge.

The general aim of this research is to survey about capabilities of students’ entrepreneurship of Islamic Azad Universities from Isfahan Province. In this research five capabilities of independence seeking, risk appetite, success seeking, creativity and internal control were investigated. Research has been in applied type and the gauging- describing method has been used. Gathering information tool is 55 standard asking questionnaires which is include Torrance Creativity Questionnaires, Hermenth Success Seeking, Rotter Internal Control and Independence Seeking and Risk Appetite by Hysrych and Peters. Reliability of questionnaire is calculated by the use of Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The highest alpha coefficient is related to Creativity with 92% amount and the lowest amount of that is related to Independence Seeking with 87%. Content Validity is calculated due to the opinion of five resistance member of each variable and coefficient of each one to one major question which is related to everyone.
The sample concludes 300 members of students on the base of the university degree (Comprehensive and Very Large – Simple and Very Large – Medium and Small) whom are selected through Classified Random Sampling Proportional to size. Data were analyzed both descriptive and inferential statistics using spss 19 software. In the descriptive statistics level frequency, percentage, mean, variance and standard deviation were used and in inferential statistics level Binomial test, Kruskal, Wallis & Mann Whitney were used.
Results concluding from Data Analysis show that capabilities of Student’s entrepreneurship are higher than average level and in Success Seeking & Creativity variables more than 85% of students obtain a mark higher than Standard.

The general aim of this research is to survey about capabilities of students’ entrepreneurship of Islamic Azad Universities from Isfahan Province. In this research five capabilities of independence seeking, risk appetite, success seeking, creativity and internal control were investigated. Research has been in applied type and the gauging- describing method has been used. Gathering information tool is 55 standard asking questionnaires which is include Torrance Creativity Questionnaires, Hermenth Success Seeking, Rotter Internal Control and Independence Seeking and Risk Appetite by Hysrych and Peters. Reliability of questionnaire is calculated by the use of Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The highest alpha coefficient is related to Creativity with 92% amount and the lowest amount of that is related to Independence Seeking with 87%. Content Validity is calculated due to the opinion of five resistance member of each variable and coefficient of each one to one major question which is related to everyone.
The sample concludes 300 members of students on the base of the university degree (Comprehensive and Very Large – Simple and Very Large – Medium and Small) whom are selected through Classified Random Sampling Proportional to size. Data were analyzed both descriptive and inferential statistics using spss 19 software. In the descriptive statistics level frequency, percentage, mean, variance and standard deviation were used and in inferential statistics level Binomial test, Kruskal, Wallis & Mann Whitney were used.
Results concluding from Data Analysis show that capabilities of Student’s entrepreneurship are higher than average level and in Success Seeking & Creativity variables more than 85% of students obtain a mark higher than Standard.