فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری تجربی
سال چهارم شماره 4 (پیاپی 16، بهار 1395)

Adsorption of proteins on inorganic surfaces may lead to structural and functional changes that are dependent on both the nature of the adsorbed proteins and the physicochemical properties of the inorganic surfaces. Chicken egg white lysozyme (E.C 3.2.1.17, MW=14.6 kDa) is a small globular protein, that consists of 129 amino acid residues with four disulfide bonds. The aim of this study was the survey of the stability and structure of Chicken egg white lysozyme against ZnO nano through thermal stability, fluorescence and spectroscopy and enzyme activity assay in the absence or presence of ZnO nano particle at pH 7.0. The obtained results indicated that thermal stability and activity of lysozyme decreased with increase in ZnO nanoparticles concentration. Moreover, it was observed that ZnO Nano particle quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of lysozyme. The interaction studies of ZnO nanoparticles and lysozyme show that not only water and solvent molecules can effect on 3D structure of lysozyme and protein but also play an important role in adsorption nanoparticles.

To identify the species, understanding the characteristics of the species, explore the possibility of speciation, mutations in the study population, and many other purposes. In this method for studying colchesin bath, karyotype use for immature worms. After reviewing the slide karyotype of polychaeta (Nereis sp.) and observation and analysis of 50 plaque metaphase plate chromosome number of the species found 2n=28 from all set chromosome, 14 pairs of chromosome detected 3 pairs metacentric , 9 pairs from sub metacentric and 2 pairs from telocentric. Since the samples were immature (in seasonal samples weren’t found any adult worm). The sex chromosome are not visible discernable.

Genomic DNA extraction with high quantity and quality is the basic necessities of molecular genetic studies. The aim of this study is the applicability of different DNA extraction methods as the easiest and fastest methods for and their efficiency with different tissue qualities (foot, siphon, harpoon) from marine cone snail Conus coronatus, Mollusca with Phenol-chloroform, Ammonium acetate and CTAB (Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide) methods. About 30 samples were collected from Qeshm Island, Zeyton Park. After dissection on sterile condition, different kinds of Conus tissues were separated and preserved in ethanol 96%, then transferred to the lab. DNA extraction were performed from different tissues with different methods. Spectrophotometer and electrophoresis on 1 % agarose gel were used for evaluating the quality and quantity of extracted DNA samples. According to the results, Ammonium acetate method showed sharper bands, without esmire in comparison with other extraction methods and DNA extracted from foot tissue had the best quality and quantity.

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men after skin cancer. Throughout the years, medicinal plants, in some cases is the only treatment were considered. Glycyrihiza glabra L. liquorice plant with the scientific name 'Glycyrihiza glabra L.' which belongs to the family Fabaceae, there are three species of perennial herbaceous plants in Iran. Root extract is widely used in medicine, food industry, Tobacco and other industries throughout the world. In this study, the cytotoxic effect of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of licorice root on human prostate cancer (DU145) with the MTT assay was studied. Licorice root through Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Isfahan was prepared. Next the aqueous and hydroalcoholic (ethanol) extracts of the plant was prepared. The cell category of DU-145 in the Cultivation enviroment RPMI-1640 Containing 10% bovine serum in incubator were cultured with 5% CO2 and in different concentrations of the aqueous and Hydroalcoholic (ethanol) during 24, 48, 72 hours was incubated. The method of MTT for calculating the survival rate of the cells were incubated in the presence and the Lack extracts were used and Light absorption at 540 nm was read by ELISA. Data were evaluated using SPSS software (N=12, *=P-value

This study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of deuterium depleted water with Satureja rechingeri essential oil on liver damage. For this purpose, the adult male rats were divided into 16 groups. The negative control group used tap water in 14 days following DMSO i.p injection at day 15th. The treatment group with acetaminophen received tap water in 14 days following 500mg/kg b.w. i.p injection of acetaminophen dissolved in 300ml DMSO at day 15th. The treatment groups receiving deuterium depleted water (30ppm and 60 ppm) plus i.p injection of Satureja rechingeri essential oil following 500 mg/kg b.w. acetaminophen injection at day 15th.Then, at 4,8,16 and 24 hours after acetaminophen injection, the blood was taken from hurt puncture and the liver tissues were removed. Then, the biochemical marker levels such as AST, ALT, ALP and bilirubin were measured in plasma. The glutathione s-transferase enzyme activity and protein level, cytochrome P450 protein level and glutathione level were also estimated in liver homogenate. Findings indicated no significant changes in the level of serum parameters such as ALT, ALP and bilirubin in groups. While injecting acetaminophen decreased the levels of GST and GSH and increased significantly the level of CYP450 and AST. Treatment with deuterium depleted water and Satureja rechingeri essential oils are effective in moderating the levels of these parameters, leaded to returning of these parameters to normal values. Finally, the treatment of rats with high dose of acetaminophen caused liver oxidative damage and using of deuterium depleted water and Satureja rechingeri essential oil can be effective in preventing and improving these damages.

Lizards have significant roles in life cycle and are related to humans either directly or indirectly. Identifying of the fauna of a region is the most necessary and the most significant biological and fundamental research in it. Mazandaran Province has diverse biological conditions because of its geographical location and special ecological conditions, the proximity of the sea to the mountains and diverse vegetation. Samples were collected in Mazandaran and bio-systematic study of Cyrtopodionscabrum was manipulated there as well from March, 2012 to June, 2013. The samples were collected by hands or sticks and after being photographed, they were fixed in formalin 4% and ethyl alcohol 75% and were identified using valid sources. Seven samples belonging toCyrtopodionscabrum, including 2 female and 5 male samples, were collected in the current study. Then, morphologic, morphometric and meristic characteristics of the samples were studied. Cyrtopodion scabrum has been collected and reported for the first time in Mazandaran Province in this study.

In order to investigation the effect of different levels of Onion powdr (Allium cepa) on growth performance, survival, fillet composition and hematological parameters of rainbow trout, a completly randomize design with six treatments and three replicates (15 fish in each replicate) were conducted for eight weeks. Experimental dietary included 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5% onion powder. All the rainbow trout fishes that have 60± 1 weight adobeted with enviromental condition for two weeks. All of the data was analyze with SPSS software. The results of this experiment showed that onion powder significantly increase weight gain at 1 percent level in comparison with control treatment (P0.05). Results showed that the highest level of white blood cells was observed in 5% level of onion powder and lower level was observed in Control (P0.05). Body coposition (protein, fat, moisture and ash) also showed no significant differences among treatments (p>0.05). Indeed, these results showed that onion powder at higher levels did not any adverse effect on other parameters.

Intestinal parasitic infections are among the most important infectious diseases that are associated with individual and public hygiene. Every year millions of people are infected with some sort of intestinal parasites worldwide. In Iran there are different types of intestinal parasites that cause economic, social, and health losses. The aim of the cross-sectional study was to investigate the extent of intestinal parasites present in stool samples collected from health care centers in Gonbad e Kavous in summer 2013. A total of 2139 samples were examined using direct (normal saline or Lugol's solution) and formalin-ether methods. The results were analyzed using SPSS v.16 software. The results showed that out of 2139 individuals 31(1.45%) were infected with parasites namely; Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba coli , Entamoeba histolytica / Entamoeba dispar, Hymenolepis nana and Enterobious vermicolaris.The study also showed that intestinal parasite infection as a public health problem still exists among a large number of people in Gonbad e Kavous and a detailed and standard plan is needed to control and eradicate these agents in infected areas.

This study was conducted with the aim to evaluate efficacy of applying 4 different formulations of Beauveria Bassiana (BB) fungus spore to combat Hyalomma ticks. Formulations used included: 1) Distilled water with 2% Tween and BB; 2) Distilled water with 10% cottonseed oil, 0.01% sucrose, 0.2% tween and BB; 3) Distilled water with 10% liquid paraffin, 0.01% sucrose, 0.2% tween and BB, anddistilled water as the control group. Concentration of 1.76×108 was used in preparing formulations. The four prepared formulations were equally sprayed on 128 engorged mature ticks, in 4 groups. Number of dead tick due to spray of formulations were counted in the following days. Treatment effect on mortality of ticks, was assessed using time-survival analysis. 9 days after spraying different formulations, it was found that formulation containing BB fungus had eliminated 50 to 55% of the ticks. Due to the fatality of 55 percent Hyalomma ticks in this research, it can be hoped that in the future with further research, oil suspension containing BB fungus can be used to combat Hyalomma ticks.