مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تربت حیدریه
سال سوم شماره 1 (بهار 1394)

Barberry has various antioxidant compounds and hypolipidemic properties. This study was carried out to compare the effect of Barberry's aqueous extract and Lovastatin on reduction of liver indices enzymes level in hyperlipidemic mice serum treated with high fat diet.
In this study, 60 male mice were divided randomly into 4 groups. Control group was not feed. Negative control group which were hyperlipidemic and considered as the main control group. Positive control group treated with high fat diet and received specific dose of Lovastatin at the same time. The treated group fed with high fat diet and aqueous extract of B.vulgaris (80 mg/kg). At the end of 30 days, blood sampling was done from the heart of the mice and the level of liver enzymes was measured. Data were analyzed using statistical analysis.
Based on the results, the level of ALP enzyme increased in the group treated with Barberry aqueous extract compared to the negative control group (p≤0.05), whereas the level of ALT and AST enzymes decreased (p≤0.05) which was similar to Lovastatin effect. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the level of enzymes between positive control and treated groups.
Overall, despite the fact that B. vulgaris aqueous extract and Lovastatin had similar effect on reduction of the liver enzymes level, the use of B. vulgaris aqueous extract is preferred due to the fewer side-effects.

Corrosion and scaling in water distribution system are very important as a matter of financial and health issues. This study was carried out to evaluate the corrosion and scaling potential in the water distribution system of Torbat Heydariyeh city in 2012.
This cross- sectional/ descriptive study used cluster sampling in which the city was divided into 15 clusters. 6 subjects per each cluster (total 90 subjects) were selected via random sampling during 2012. Samples were analyzed through standard methods. To determine the corrosion and scaling potential, five indices including Langlier Saturation Index (LSI), Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI), Larson-Skold Index (LS) and Aggressive Index (AI) were studied.
Based on the results, Rayzner, Langelier, Pokurious, Larson-Skold Ratio and Aggressive indices are 7.72 (±0.2), 0.021 (±0.12), 7.65 (±0.3), 1.72(±0.45), and 12.05 (±0.12), respectively which indicate 40, 100, 100, 94, and 33 percent of water in distribution system is corrosive according to RSI, LSI, PSI, LS and AI indices.
Overall, water is slightly corrosive in distribution system of Torbat Heydariyeh city. Thus, it is recommended to perform measures such as pH, alkalinity, hardness adjustment to mitigate corrosion and corrosion by-products.

Drug diagnostic testing is necessary for pre-employment exams, issuing qualification certificate, driving and some important jobs license renewal, and pre-marriage exams. Due to the importance of this issue, this study was conducted to investigate the interfering factors causing false negative result in drug diagnostic testing.
This is a descriptive study which was carried out on 200 positive urine samples in terms of Morphine, Amphetamine and Methamphetamine. In this study, the effect of 10 possible interferer materials including salt, vinegar, lemon juice, verjuice, hand washing liquid, dishwashing liquid, bleaching liquid, washing powder, baking soda and obligation on pH and specific weight of urine was examined. To confirm the results and initial screening, two thin layer chromatography and rapid immunochromatographic tests were used, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software.
The dilution of 1:2500 was obtained as the highest dilution of urine samples with positive result in drug diagnostic test. Interfering factors such as salt and baking soda increased urine specific weight. Vinegar, lemon juice, obligation and verjuice decreased urine pH, while bleach liquid, washing powder and baking soda increased pH of urine.
Regarding the identification of some factors affecting the urine drug testing and misleading diagnostic results, it is recommended to search for methods to detect further possible deception cases in future studies.

In general, the success of any organization depends on its employee's efforts and job satisfaction. Thus this study conducted to investigate job satisfaction and its related factors among health centers staff in Gonbad kavus city in 2014.
This descriptive/cross-sectional study was carried out on 151 staff working at health centers of Gonbad kavus city in 2014. Subjects were selected through stratified random sampling. To collect Data, two demographic characteristics check-list and Brayfield and Rothe's job satisfaction questionnaire were used. Data was analyzed by SPSS 18 software.
Mean age of subjects was 35.9±6.2 years old. Most of them were female (58.3%) and married (88.7%). Mean score of job satisfaction was 57.5± 11.4 of 90. There was significant relationship between job satisfaction and individual's viewpoint to family income level (P0.05).
Since job satisfaction among health center staff was at moderate level, it is suggested to improve job satisfaction and quality level of services through appropriate payment system.

Clinical education is an important section of nursing education. However, the quality of clinical education has been less studied. Thus, this study was carried out to identify amendable barriers in Clinical education from viewpoints of clinical instructors and nursing and anaesthesia students.
This is a descriptive study which was conducted on nursing and anaesthesia students. Subjects of the study (total 95 persons) were selected by census method. Data gathering tools were two clinical education barriers and clinical education amendable barriers questionnaires. Content validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient methods were used to determine the validity and reliability of these two questionnaires, respectively. Data was analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and descriptive statistical methods.
Based on the results, the average age of students was 25.14±4.39. Findings of this research determined 9 amendable barriers in clinical education including: Inadequate attention of instructor to the educational need of students in clinical training, Inadequate feedback to the students, Unclear objectives and duties of students, Spending much time on theoretical subjects in clinical training courses, Ignoring preliminary studies by instructors, Failure to comply with clinical education stages, Inability to make decision independently for doing technical skills, Low applicability of new educational methods regarding the available facilities, Lack of particular evaluating system for students.
Although there are many obstacles in the clinical education especially in the Intensive care units which decrease the quality of education, most of these barriers are amendable. To improve students function and promoting efficient and safe care, these barriers should be eliminated.

Cancer is one of the most important causes of mortality in the world. Nowadays, beside the biological and medical interventions, the possible effect of other factors in adaptation and efficacy of treatment measures has been considered. Thus, this research carried out to determine the relationships between hardiness with self-efficacy and personal control in cancer patients.
This is a descriptive/ cross sectional study which was conducted on 50 female with breast cancer referring to Omid hospital in Mashhad through convenience sampling. To collect data, hardiness, self-efficacy and disease perception questionnaires were used. Data was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficients and regression.
The mean age of studied group was 45.5 years. The results showed that there is a direct significant correlation between hardiness with self-efficacy (r=0.33, p=0.005) and personal control (r=0.19, p=0.007). In addition, hardiness explained 13% and 5% of variance in self-efficacy and personal control in cancer patients, respectively.
Based on the results, Self-efficacy and personal control are affected by hardness and can predict the behavior of patient facing with cancer disease and other chronic diseases. Since, hardiness and its factors are affected by the environment, the education of hardiness should be considered to increase patient's empowerment

Angioedema is a rare disease with autosomal dominant is largely complement system. This disease is characterized by non-itchy mucocutaneous and non-pitting edema. In some cases, this disease appears as a result of Captopril intake which is orally and sublingually used in the treatment of severe hypertension.
In this study, angioedema as a rare complication of Captopril sublingual intake was investigated in a 49-years-old patient. In several hours after taking Captopril, patient showed the Angioedema signs. Due to severe edema of tongue, lips and larynx, quick tracheostomy was performed and patient was hospitalized in intensive care unit. Having started the treatment measures and hospitalization, the patient discharged with good general condition.

Student's challenging behaviors lead to disruption in teaching and learning process, lecturer's burnout and spreading these behaviors to the workplace. The aim of this study is to introduce challenging behaviors, causes and management strategies.
In this study, relevant literatures were obtained using Persian and English databases with key words such as "challenging behaviors", "uncivil behaviors", "challenging behavior in students and lecturers" and "rude and insolent students".
Strategies to help lecturers to reduce challenging behaviors are as follows: "development of efficient communication and interpersonal skills for better understanding of student's viewpoints", "setting clear course expectations which are consistent with course objectives and evaluation", "appropriate feedback of teaching and learning during the term, "creating collaborative learning environments and interactive management of classroom", "respectful response to student's conflicts instead of harsh response", "inquiring into the complaints and immediate investigation based on their priorities".
It is recommended to do preventive measures in order to control uncivil behaviors.
Appropriate classroom management will decrease many of the problems in the future.