پژوهشنامه تربیتی
سال پنجم شماره 4 (پیاپی 24، پاییز 1389)

New electronic technologies have been influential in the formation of new social and cultural situations. The new situations demand novel educational contexts and methods of educational designs. Education is an important means of spreading and promoting culture. The major part of what students learn about their opportunities is based on what education designers have developed. It should be remembered that there is no incidental learning. What students learn is directly related to the opportunities they are provided with.... .

Researches related to excitement disorders and phenomenology had many advance during recent years. One of these research areas is examining the process of information processing in mental disorders.
This research is of causal-comparative type which is done with the aim of examination of selective processing of information and the role of informative attention in this process in social phobic subjects. For this aim two groups of 20 people with social phobia and normal people were selected systematically and substitutional randomly and compared. Subjects were tested by Stroop test, recognition test and three questionnaires of social phobia disorder, Back depression and Spilbergers trait-state anxiety. One factor and two factor variance analysis tests with repeated measurements and Shefe pursuit test were used for data analysis.
Results indicate that those who are social phobic spend more time processing symbols than control group. More processing of phobic signs is one of the other results of this research. There was a significant difference between cognition scores of two groups which confirms informativeness of processing process. There were no significant differences in examining the effects of different levels. But social phobic subjects who had higher level of depression spend more time processing the symbols. Also it became clear that age and educational variables had no effect on bias process.
As related to the results achieved we can say that symbols content has been influential in color determination time. So interferential effect cannot be attributed to factors such as length of words, their difficulty or others factors. Also factors other than anxiety has been influential in slowness of patient performance. Presence of patterns proportional to threatening signs in memory and cognitive avoidance caused bias and informative processing.

The principle aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of employing IT, ICT in improving Quran education in elementary schools. The population consisted of 1146 teachers, of whom 300 (129 working in the cities, and 171 working in villages in Gonbad,Golestan Province) were chosen randomly. The research instrument was a researcher-nade questionnaire, validated by experts. It consisted of 31 items including general knowledge questions, quantitative questions and items related to research questions. The pilot study established reliability at 0.81 Cronbach Alpha. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to investigate the data. Chi-square shows that there is a significant relationship between employing ICT, IT technologies and improvement in educational process.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of Internet information literacy training on university student’s problem solving skills. The research method was quasi-experimental. Research population was 230 undergraduate students of Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch in 88-89 academic year. Sampling method was simple random sampling and the sample was 50 students. There were 22 students in experimental group and 28 students in control group. The data in this study were collected by standardized Guglielmino self-directed learning questionnaire (1978). Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software and independent-group t-test. The study showed that there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms of self-directed learning components (love of learning, self-concept as an effective and independent learner, tolerance of risk and ambiguity and complexity in learning, creativity and self directed learning skill totally). But this study also showed that there was not a significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms of self-directed learning components (view of learning as a lifelong, beneficial process, initiative in learning, self understanding and acceptance of responsibility for one’s own learning). The results have implications in improving student’s self directed learning skills.

The present study aims to examine study attitudes, study objectives, study habits, the amount of studying and library use among elite students. The study population consists of 300 Iranian elite students including winners in Kharazmi students’ Festival, the most successful students in university entrance competition examination, and students managed to enter scientific Olympiads 2004 to 2006. The research method is survey-analysis and the research device is a questionnaire. Of 300 questionnaires distributed, 168 could be use. Data were analyzed using SPSS. This study considered twelve hypotheses of which only second one was approved. The findings of the research reveal that encouragement of parents and family members is the first reason in promoting study the elite students. The greatest percentage of research population (55.4 %) was interested in reading non text-books and journals. Their priorities in studying were literary and scientific materials. Most of Iranian elite students (71.4%) use Internet and electronic resources frequently. Most of them (86.9%) used to be members of thier school libraries.Most of them (75.6%) used school library once or more than once per week, and 48.8 percent regarded the library resources influence on studying habit as average.

Text-book compilation needs change and development. Some textbooks are not up-to-date. As a result in the long run, they cause harm. After its independence, the republic of Azarbayjan had reviewed its text-books in schools. The road-map of text-book compilation has also been formulated. Within 2003-2005, text-books were distributed free among first up to 11th grades. Within 2000-2007, 250 original text books were compiled. In 2002, text book compilation in German, English, and French started. Currently, textbook compilation in French and English has been finished. They are being reviewed and re-developed.

This article reports the finding of a study intended to evalute the role of cognitive and metacognitive sterategies in learners’ achievement motive in ICT based educational system from experts’ point of view. The research method is descriptive of survey types. Of the 70 experts (on curriculum , educational technology and e -learning ) in Tehran universities (Shahid Beheshti , Tarbiat Modarres , Allameh Tabatabaee ,Tehran University,Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch) as sample 58 was selected. Data gathering instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire with the reliability of 0.8582. It had 46 indicators. Data collected were analyzed through software SPSS. Statistical techniques such as chi-square test , analysis of variance test , Duncan test and T tow sampling were employed. Findings show of the cognitive sterategies, the rehearsal, elaboration and organizing strategies have significant and very significant role respectively. Elaboration strategy has the greatest role in achievement motive. Among the metacognitive sterategies, planning, control, and regulation strategies have significant and very significant role respectively in learners’ achievement motive.There is no significant difference between the roles of cognitive and metacognitive.

The paper intends to investigate the effect of evaluation methods in curriculum on educational and research potentials from students’ perspective. The research is of practical nature, using descriptive and survey methods. Data gathering instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire with the reliability of 0.98. The questionnaire was validated based on five university experts’ opinions. The population included 365 students studying at universities located in Esfahan, Including Esfahan University, Technical University, Arts University and Islamic Azad University, Esfahan Branch. The students’ fields of study belonged to humanities, basic sciences, arts and engineering. Using stratified random sampling, a sample was chosen. Data gathered were analyzed descriptively and inferentially, using SPSS 16. Results showed that students regarded evaluation program(mid-term and final examinations) less than average. There were also significant differences in terms of gender, field of study, their affiliated university, and the level of their study.