پژوهشنامه تربیتی
سال پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 19، تابستان 1388)

Evaluation mechanism is an instrument without which educational activities are merely “blind shootings“. Making use of such mechanisms will result in an increased understanding of the flaws and deficiencies. Evaluation mechanism is of two kinds: internal and external.
The present study in an applied one and the research method it employs is descriptive-analytical. In the study, quantitative tools (questionnaire) and qualitative ones (interview and observation) are used. The population consists of: 1. heads of department (previous and current) 2. Faculty members (No, 5) 3. Students (No, 24 MA and 11 PhD) 4. Graduates (No, 24 MA and 16 PhD) 5. Employers (No, 25). Since the sample was small, to make an in-depth examination, a complete census was conducted. Attained results indicate the extent of desirability of the evaluated factors at the internal and intra-external university evaluations is accordance together.

In this research we are trying to find right answers to the following questions. First, is there any meaningful relationship between perfectionism with depression and students’ academic achievement?
Second, is there any meaningful relationship between depression and academic achievement with their socioeconomic status?
The aim of this research is to show to college students how to adapt their expectations with their abilities, because unlimited expectations create irreparable problems to them. Correlation and regression are the type of the research and sampling of the research are 400 college students. The means of the research include perfectionism questionnaire and depression questionnaire.
Results of the research show a meaningful relationship between perfectionism with depression and students’ academic achievement and in addition to that there is a meaningful relationship between socioeconomic status with their depression

Life doesn’t always go the way we wish or expect. Problems arise in the family, the workplace, and the neighborhood. Relationships end, children leave home, we lose our job, we get sick, or a loved one dies. But most of us successfully adjust to changes in our lives. It seems that this adjustment is a sign of resilience in us. Developmental psychologists have long been interested in the construct of resilience, which has been broadly defined as ‘‘a dynamic process wherein individuals display positive adaptation despite experiences of significant adversity or trauma’’. The resilience is Multidimensional Construct which genetic (e.g. intelligence) and environmental factors (e.g. family socioeconomic status) play a major role in shaping it development. Indeed, resilient individuals who possess Personal (e.g. self-efficacy and happiness) and social traits (e.g. warmth parents and adults outside the family who take an interest in promoting the child’s welfare) not only have good interpersonal skills but also have sense of greater control over their lives and they actively plan how to cope with events.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the university chancellors’ professional standards to propose an appropriate model for promoting higher education management in Iran. Three research questions were set:1-What are the existing professional standards of the Iranian university chancellors?
2-What is the appropriate model for promoting the Iranian chancellors’ professional standards?
3-What is the acceptability rate for the proposed model?
The research method employed in this survey study was a descriptive one. 1500 academics from different Khorasan universities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Islamic Azad University (District 9), SabzevarTeacherTrainingUniversity, and BirjandUniversity, formed the statistical population of this study. Out of 150 questionnaires distributed among the study population in October 2008, 97 were returned for data analysis.
To collect data, three researcher-made questionnaires were employed as the instruments of the study: one open-ended questionnaire (Delphi) and two closed questionnaires (Likert). The reliability and validity of these instruments were estimated before they were given to the study subjects. To analyze data, descriptive and inferential statistical procedures were used including tables of frequency ,t-test, and Fridman k2, The analysis was conducted using SPSS, Minitab, and Lisrel.
The findings of the present study revealed that
1-The current professional standards (knowledge, skill, and attitude) were not at the appropriate level among the university chancellors... .

The present study is an investigation of the relationship between emotional intelligence and marital satisfaction among students studying of higher education centers in Bojnord.
300 subjects (150 male, 150 female) were selected using stratified random sampling. To measure emotional intelligence the trait meta-mood scale questionnaire was employed. To measure marital satisfaction ENRICH questionnaire was used. The content validity of both was confirmed by the experts. To investigate the reliability of the instruments a chi square test was used. the reliabilities were 0.77 and 0.81 respectively.
The results showed that there is a positive correlation between emotional intelligence and marital satisfaction. Emotional intelligence accounts for 30 percent of marital satisfaction. The study also showed that there is a positive correlation between components of EM (attention clearance emotional reconstruction) and marital satisfaction. The results of multi-stage regression analysis showed that attention accounted for 19% of marital satisfaction (19%) clearance component accounted for 7% and emotional reconstruction 3% of marital satisfaction. The findings also indicated that emotional intelligence is significantly higher in women.

With characteristics such as flexible teaching and learning techniques, the safeguarding of education in even the most distant areas and guaranteeing equal educational opportunities specially for people with special requirements ( Homemakers, physically impaired, … ) the distant learning system paints a bright picture of the availability of education to all in the future. Iran Payamenoor University currently catering for approximately one million students, is the only existing university in Iran active in offering distant learning opportunities at associate, bachelor, masters and PhD levels in 400 educational centers and units. As Payamenoor University has been active in education and research, an investigation of how the aim of this educational system "anyone, anywhere, anytime can again access to higher education" has been accomplished in its educational centers and units is essential. A research entitled "a study of the Payamenoor University's educational demand evaluation based upon distant learning system" was conducted over a two year period. A descriptive-evaluative technique was employed and the statistic population included University lecturers, students and administrators of Payamenoor University educational centers and units (70 in total) in the country's 30 provinces. Applying a classified-random sampling system and utilizing Cockrun's Formula, 3000 students, 300 members of the university faculty and 30 administrators were selected as the statistical sample. Three surveys were prepared using an evaluative-documentative method (A survey directed at students, one directed at lecturers and a third directed at the administrators). The reliability of these surveys was estimated using the Gronbach Alpha and was found to be 82% for students, 80% for lecturers, and 78% for administrators. The data was then prepared for analysis using Microsoft Excel and analyzed... .

The present study investigates inhibitive inner organizational factors in teacher-researcher plan. Teacher-researcher and action research is an innovation in educational system.
Action research is a new approach to operational improvement, innovation, change and development in school and society actions. 384 teachers were selected using a stratified sampling method.
They answered a questionnaire. The results showed that lack of knowledge is the most important inhibitive factor in their participation.
Not enough facilities and resources, manager’s attitudes and actions, lack of time, unequal attention to all school grades, not considering the gender, and preference for decisions that are not based on research are among other factors that cause barrier in participation in action research.

The aim of this research is to find the level of knowledge of teachers in high school and guidance school, in subjects like lesson planning and learning in order to give an operational pattern to teachers to increase their skills and knowledge. The survey was done as a field research and the statistical society is a group of teachers working in guidance and high schools in Behshahr in the academic year 2008-2009, the statistical sample is 382 teachers (men and women), which is chosen by random sampling. In this research, we have used 40 tests as a tool for researching.
Data are discussed and analyzed in two levels: descriptive (by using frequency tables, percentage , mean) and inferential (by using X2 test and SPSS program). The findings of this research indicate that the degree of their knowledge of the fundamental of curriculum and principles of learning is average, achieving 10.83 out of 20.
The value of X2 is significant at p>0.05; therefore, the distribution of answers is reliable.