مجله ارگونومی
سال چهارم شماره 1 (بهار 1395)

Many employees in different professions, including nurses are working with program shift. On the other hand, different and long shift work can endanger physical and mental health of nurses. Therefore, this study, according to ergonomic standards aims to design a model for program shifts until it can minimize the problems which caused by shifts for nurses.
To study, all 35 nurses working in the emergency ward of Imam Sajjad (AS) hospital of Ramsar city were considered and then the information which was gathered from answering the MEQ (Circadian rhythm) and SSI (personal and social charactristics) questionnaires has changed to a model and then reconstruct after comparing it again with circadian rhythm principals. Final model has been implemented with GAMS and at the end, shift working program with ergonomic criteria have been proposed.
Shift working program was designed for each nurse. Also, the obtained objective function value (Z=1.110223e-16) shows that the designed model is really close to ideal model. According to hospital rules and policies, if five more nurses add to currently employed, the proposed working program in one hand will improve satisfaction and efficiency of nurses and on the other hand it can decrease effects of disorders in shift work.
Hospitals can have healthy and motivated workforce by applying the scientific approach to adjust a suitable working program for their nurses and decrease the number of disabled and also the rate of early retirement.

Background and Low back pain is the most common cause of chronic pain syndrome that leads to activity limitation in people younger than 45 years old. This study aimed to evaluate relationship between severity of low back pain and work limitation in patients suffering from acute and chronic low pain.
Material and Ninety patients with acute and chronic low back pain who were attending to the rheumatology Clinic of Booali hospital were evaluated in this cross sectional study. Questionnaire containing demographic information and questions about the onset and cause of low back pain were asked from patients. Work Limitation Questionnaire from patients. All data were analyzed using SPSS software.
The results showed that the most common cause of low back pain was discopathy with 33 patients (36.7%). There was not significant difference between men and women in terms of work limitation (P=0.66). Also, there was a significant relationship between severity of work limitation and patient's age. Older patients have more severity of work limitation (P Our results showed that with increasing age and pain will increase work limitation due to low back pain.

Job stress Such as role ambiguity, a situation that arises from the interaction between people and jobs, reduces the performance and job satisfaction. Proactive people by behaviors such as innovation, eliminate ambiguity in their jobs.The present study aimed at investigating the impact of proactive personality on job satisfaction and performance mediated by information seeking.
The statistical population of this survey consisted of the official staff and contractual personnel of Bid Boland gas refinery from whom 260 people were selected using the hierarchical random sampling method. Research design of this study is correlation, through structural equation modeling.The data collection tools were role ambiguity Scale, Proactive Behavior Questionnaire (Ashford and Black), Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (Brayfield & Rothe) and Job Performance Questionnaire (Paterson). The assessment of the proposed pattern was conducted through path analysis.
The results supported the suitability of the relationship between the patterns and the collected data. The results revealed that proactive behavior mediated the effect of role ambiguity on job satisfaction and performance. All routes in the research model P Proactive behavior eliminate uncertainty for employees and finally eliminate the negative effects of role ambiguity on job performance and satisfaction and leads to increased performance and satisfaction of employees.

Foot anthropometric dimensions could be useful in design of comfortable footwear. The objective of this study was the measurement of foot anthropometric dimensions in a group of students.
This study was a descriptive one in which 21 dimensions of foot for 580 men and women were measured manually. To measure the foot dimensions a digital caliper and a tape were used. The measured dimensions included the important lengths, widths, heights and girths of foot. Descriptive statistics such as percentiles, mean and standard deviation were calculated for the collected data. To test and survey of the mean of foot dimensions between men and women, statistics such as independent T-test and effect size (Cohen’s d) were used.
The values of mean, standard deviation, the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles were calculate and were tabulated for the total studied population and for gender. In the all measured foot dimensions, men had bigger dimensions than women. Gender had different impacts on the measured foot dimensions. The mean of all foot dimensions was significantly different between men and women (Pvalue=0.001). Digital pattering of I and II were observed in 78% and 22% of the studied population, respectively.
In the present study, important anthropometric data of foot were collected for a group of students. Presented percentiles could be used in design of male and female shoes. Conducting similar studies in children population with different age categories could help completion of the anthropometric database.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most common occupational health problems have been reported with high costs and loss of productivity associated nurses. On the one hand the quality of life is a multidimensional concept that factors such as physical and psychological effect on it. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of MSDs and its relation to quality of life in nurses.
This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 940 people in among nursing staff in Hospitals of Sari. The samples were selected by census sampling method. Data were gathered using particular questionnaires of musculoskeletal disorders (Nordic) and quality of life (SF-36). Collected data were analyzed by ANOVA, t-test and Pearson's correlation using SPSS software (V18).
The results showed that low back disorder with the prevalence of 60/9% was the most prevalent disorder among nurses. Between all aspects of quality of life, except for social functioning, was significantly correlated with MSDs (P According to this study, the prevalence of MSDs is relatively high in nursing. In the majority of nurses, moderate quality of life was observed. So, any Intervention to prevent MSDs should be focused in order to reduce the physical needs, psychological pressures and increased level of quality of life.

Inappropriate sizes of school furniture in the deformation of children’s body is one of the issues of concern in the world. The aim of this study was evaluation of anthropometry of primary students in the aged 6 - 12 years of Mazandaran and design of school furniture based on the anthropometric criteria of the students.
In the cross-sectional study 18 anthropometric dimensions of 2336 boys and girls aged 6-12 years in 2014-2015 was measured. To collecting the data anthropometric chair, camera and camera stand, and Anthropometric photo graphical software was used. After determining the anthropometric dimensions, the ergonomics school furniture were designed.
Average, minimum, maximum, standard deviation, median and percentile value of 2.5 to 97.5 of the anthropometric dimensions of students was calculated. The results showed that gender had no effect on the popliteal height in the age groups of 6 to 7 and 7 to 8 but the age had effect on popliteal height (P The results showed by eliminating the effects of sex, 16.2 mm popliteal height increased per year. It was also found that after eliminating the effects of age, popliteal height for girls than boys increased to 20.39 mm. Until the age of puberty, the anthropometric dimensions in girls than boy was increased. The dimensions of ergonomics tables and chairs for students was designed in three sizes.

Musculoskeletal disorders are the major health problems in nurses. One of the main reasons is patient transfer’s tasks. The work technique of nursing personnel during patient transfers has been evaluated using different methods. One of the most useful of this methods is DINO (Direct Nurse Observation Instrument). The purpose of the present study was to assess the musculoskeletal disorders risks related to patient transfers in nursing personnel using the DINO methods.
Material and This cross-sectional study was carried out among the 250 nurses working in affiliated hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2015. Data were collected by Nordic questioners and the DINO index check list. The validity and reliability of DINO checklist were reviewed and approved. For data analysis, independent t test, chi-square test and logistic regression were used.
The average result of DINO checklist was 9.73 points (SD=1.8), which can suggest that the way in which the technical transfer was carried out might not have been the safest. The results showed that the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders in nursing staff was significantly associated with final scoring of DINO index (P According to the findings, DINO is an appropriate tool to assess musculoskeletal disorders risk due to patient handling in the nursing personnel. This method can be used in the evaluation of patient transfer educational programs and also to identify and assess an unsafe work technique used by the nurse.

Due to the fact that people spend considerable time using their comfortable furniture Proper ergonomic design is necessary and in accordance with the principles and anthropometric has made more and more important. In this regard, the use of human data and observe the indigenous manufacturer of domestic products for imported furniture seems necessary, This study uses data from the study of human population. The design process from the perspective of ergonomic furniture and product design paid to ergonomic principles Shape and posture in the correct state and parts of the body that need to have a cushion of protection.
In this research, anthropometric data of 150 male and 110 female, aged 35-25 years were measured. The calculations were based on a sample size obtained sofa for user evaluation was constructed.
The analysis of the measured results of an internal investigation also similar, with the software SPSS, and combine them with ergonomic principles, the optimal size Sofa with all angles for adults Iranian calculated and the results were compared with the dimensions of the furniture.
Seat height and backrest height and width, respectively, 37, 57 and 62 cm and the angle of 105 degrees and tilt the seat back to the seat surface 5 degrees offered.