نشریه جغرافیا و توسعه فضای شهری
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 3، پاییز و زمستان 1394)

This paper identifies effective criteria in locating urban parks land use in district 9 of Mashhad. This recognition is in three scale of neighborhood, local and regional with emphasis on the principles of minimum distance.Finally, surveying the potential of district 9 to build these kind of parks is the main purpose. Therefore, by using document anf field research method ,first we survey the lack of existing status of the parks and then six criteria for building new parks in new sites are selected. These criteria include: Population centers, Training centers, Cultural centers, Access to communication networks, Distance to existing green spaces and Access to talented land. Also by Geoghraphic Information System (GIS) as a tool for integrating, analyzing and displaying spatial data on the locating process and spaces with no convenient access to park which require planning has been specified. The result show that regional park are 1.3 m2 per capita so for achieving the proposed standard of master plan ( 2.62 m2) about 52.8 hectares should be added to park areas. Therefore, to remove the lack of district 9, near 61 hectares of barren land use in two priorities are proposed for building new parks.

In the absence of urban management, urban management can reduce interference in the affairs and activities of a parallel and a barrier to optimal management is weak or stops the flow. The research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods and research based on in-depth interviews, documentary studies, and strategic factors has been quantified. To determine the strategic position of the target and prioritize internal and external factors and the heights of the four strategic objectives of the IEA instrument was used and the final method was QSPM strategic priorities. The results show that internal factors Tabriz score is equal to 2.21. The internal factors related to urban management is weak. The final score of this external factor is equal to 2.10. Showing the lack of proper response to the opportunities and threats are related to urban management. Due to the Tabriz matrix internal factors outside of urban management is a defensive position. The proposed strategy is to create mechanisms within the laws, organizations, actions and decisions, benefiting from the experiences and strategies of the leading countries based on local potentials - Local and Finally, to strengthen the position of Islamic Councils and increase the legal authority to engage more citizens.

Every year, a part of the national capital of the country is lost due to the disorders of traffic. An important part of the traffic disorders is caused by the improper behavior of some users of urban transport system. Such a situation is contrary to the principles of smart growth and urban sustainability. The study of traffic conflicts as a symbol of the Society culture of traffic can lead city planners to get right decisions. The aim of this study is determining of the geographical distribution of traffic conflicts in Mashhad city and finding logical relationship between district geographical characteristics and the rate of traffic conflicts. The theoretical basis of this research is the theory of urban smart growth. This study in data collection and data assessment part is an evaluation research and it placed at practical research in part of results. The research method is descriptive - analytical study. Traffic conflict data collection was down by filming method and traffic volume data were achieved of Mashhad database system for intelligent control of traffic signals. Statistical sample includes 26 of total 189 signalized intersections of Mashhad city which two important types of traffic conflict rates were determined on them. Also geographical distribution assessment of traffic conflicts was done by GIS and assessing of relationship between district geographical characteristics and the rate of traffic conflicts was done by SPSS software. The research results revealed that geographical distribution of traffic conflicts in different districts are not the same and the rate of traffic conflicts in the Central city areas is more due to traffic cultural diversity and drivers who are unfamiliar to city network streets. Also it is revealed that there is a direct relationship between the rate of traffic conflicts and Population density.

The concept of Sustainable Urban Neighborhood (SUN) is a new approach in the area of neighborhood planning which is utilized to increase the environment sustainability and the quality of citizen’s health in an urban neighborhood context. In this regard, this article examines the sustainability principals and indicators in Neighborhood 2 of Ardam plan in zone 10 of Mashhad municipality. The using methodology of this article can be considered both as a practical and analytical – descriptive approach which has been based on measurement techniques and has been done in the neighborhood 2 of Ardam. The results of this survey have been collected by means of observations and also questionnaires which are based on different indicators such as economic, social and environmental indicators and aggregated by a systematic sampling method from the given neighborhood. Moreover we used GIS application as analytic tool for analyzing sustainability indicators of Ardam neighborhood. SWOT technique is also utilized to explain development policies and present appropriate strategies. The results showed that High levels of trust and social belonging and then full coverage of all the facilities and amenities (Schools, mosques, daily business units and a neighborhood park) are The main strengths in the context of Sustainable urban neighborhoods (SUN).Accordingly Lack of uniformity, variation in space and then lack of exuberance and vitality at all times of day in the neighborhood are Weaknesses in this area. in External factors analysis with swot model, The barren Land is to enhance the quality of special - physical neighborhood and then, Possibility of design for livability and vitality are important opportunities in this neighborhood. On the other hand the most important threats to the stability of the neighborhood Ardam, lack of Underlying the investment by the urban managers, Weakness in the image of the neighborhood due to lack of identity are The most important threats to the stability of the neighborhood Ardam.

There is a growing competition between countries in tourism industry currently. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has emerged as a new influential paradigm on the development of tourism industry; hence, the need to synchronize them is felt more than ever. Iran, and especially Shiraz, is of attractive tourism destinations that has not received an attention commensurate to its tourism potentials. Accordingly, it behooves a use of cutting-edge technology, ICT in particular, to enhance the current status of tourism in general and e-tourism in particular. Uses were made of survey and questionnaire in the present descriptive-analytical study to gather the required data in evaluating the current status of the use of ICT in Tourism Industry of Shiraz in the eyes of visiting tourists. Research findings suggest that tourists are not well-aware of and consequently do not use tourism-related ICT frequently despite appropriate circumstances including their inclination. In addition, they expressed their dissatisfaction with ICT use in tourism-related affairs except for some specific cases. Nevertheless, ICT media particularly radio, television, satellite, and the internet influenced the tourists’ decision in choosing Shiraz as their destination.

Now days, citizens safety in urban spaces is one of the most important worries of urban managers. This may be reflected in different characters of urban spaces such as physical, social and economical and even political characters. With regard to increasing crimes and complexities of urban spaces, trying for achieve to sustainable, healthy and good cities mean in providing the safety environment for citizens and this mean as good physical, social and institutional planning, for urban space control. Mashhad metropolitan, as a one of the giant cities of Iran, has experienced the good progression in different dimension such as infrastructural, physical, and urban perspective that cause to branding it in this way. Present study, had tried to measuring the level of urban safety and determining the important factor for achieving to safe cities from citizens view in 13 regions of Mashhad metropolitan. For this goal, descriptive- annalistic methodology by using the questionnaire has been choose and after data gathering, statistical test and PROMETTE -one of the multi criteria decision making techniques-, had been used for analyzing of data. Final result show that urban spatial safety in 9, 11 and 12 region of Mashhad is more than the other areas that it may be because of special physical texture, space legibility, density of area and economical- social congruence of these area

Today, urban environment experts are endeavoring after new ways to increase the amount of urban green spaces and discover the best way to enter them as lively part of cities. Greenways can supply the needs of urbanization to green spaces in addition they are effective in urban green transportation.
This study is trying to offer an approach in process of urban greenways planning by AHP analytical methods and geographic information systems (GIS) on bases of gravity formula. Using this method in eleven region of Mashhad metropolitan, suggested a greenway about 11.5 km length. Using this method is totally suitable to metropolitan areas lacking natural elements among their artificial urban textures and at the same time requiring change in the urban form and creation of connections and interactions between walking man and the urban spaces.

Mashhad neighborhood community councils are one of the mechanisms for citizen participation, collaboration and engagement with urban management. Without doubt the most important factors affecting the performance of councils is the trust members in the form of social capital indicators. In this study, the relationship between trust in the municipality, Confidence in the effectiveness of the Council, Confidence in the ability of other members of the Council as indicators of social capital And a sense of belonging to the neighborhood as a factor affecting social capital tend to participation in neighborhood affairs, Among members of the social community speaking countries Mashhad 9th District was examined. Library and survey data collection was done in two ways, and a questionnaire among 12 members of the local community council in Mashhad 9th District was distributed. By analyzing the results of the questionnaire, Was found between trust and confidence in the effectiveness of the municipal council, Confidence and trust in the effectiveness of other members of the Council, Confidence and willingness to participate in municipal members in the neighborhood, Trust and willingness to contribute to the effectiveness of the council members in the community, a sense of belonging to the neighborhood And the willingness of members to participate in community affairs, there is a positive relationship And two variable-confidence and willingness to engage with other members of the council members were not correlated with each other in the neighborhood.

In this study, using Land sat TM images of band 6 sensors were identified heat island of Mashhad city in 4 years (1371-1390) in hottest months(July and august). The results showed that in the city of Mashhad places such as parks, gardens ( Astan Quds Razavi , malek Abad ) to high vegetation index and humidity have low temperature and areas to low humidity and free of vegetation and open spaces with dominant non-users and users of transport transport of soil and rock, such as 12 urban areas have high land surface temperature and urban heat islands form.

The life quality is an interdisciplinary concept that absorbed lots of attention of human science branches. This concept also expressed in social & financial analyses about urban development & emphasis on current resources in cities. In other words, cities cover large amount of human activities as the largest & densest human settlements which has exposure at expanded changes in physical environment & also in society structures after industrial revolution.
Theoretical framework: One of indexes of the urban sustainable development is development of urban neighborhoods that nowadays could play an effective role in urban development. So neighborhood development determines a process that accordingly, increases the investors that the societies could gather & use them potentially. These helps the people to increase the life quality. During these processes, new features of society structures & social absorb, emerge to rehabilitation & current unequal restoration in power distribution & resources. So could say the neighborhood development contains the whole problems of houses, financial development, citizen participation, society welfare, security sense, promoting education & environmental problems that there are mutual relations among these elements. In this regard, the word of life quality, such as development concept, is rather vague. On the one hand, individual life determines as an understanding of how to live & from a more general dimension, contains life situations in different places about a specific operator. So the final goal of life quality study & its later use is that the people could have the power of benefit the life with high quality. So, the high quality is a complex & multi dimension concept that is under the influence of elements like time & place, individual & social values. In this sense, there are different meanings for people & groups. Some interpret it as a livability potential of a region, some translate it as a dimension for attraction rate & also the others, interpret as social welfare, happiness, satisfaction etc. So in this research, four comments are about neighborhood discussion such as sociological comment, social sciences, urban geography & social sciences & urban planning. Also about comment discussion, it was used two comments about life quality, Scandinavia approach of life quality & American one.
The research This research is about the role scrutiny of urban neighborhood in sustainable development in urban neighborhoods of koohdasht. The importance of such researches was to have an approach that had a holism capability. The type of research was applied & the used methodology was descriptive-analytical. The library & field work (observation, questionnaire & interpretation) was used in this research. Also the statistical methods, descriptive, inferential & quality analyze in SPSS software was used to data analyze. So that, according to table one, a questionnaire was made in accordance with Likert spectrum to evaluate the role of urban neighborhood, in sustainable development with the emphasis on life quality in four social-cultural, financial, physical & environmental indexes. The statistical society was ninety five thousand settlements in city, with the error of 0.05 & the sample volume of 322 questionnaires that was made in 85 questions & also distributed accidently. It was used the municipal authorities to raking & scoring of urban neighborhood qualitatively.
Discussion & In recent years, the life quality has changed to a very relevant concept & had been at the center of sociologists & planners’ attention. So the life quality is a multi-dimension concept in social sciences & also effective in the most of society regions, & has a special place in literacy associated with development. So that some declared it was the lost chain of development. As mentioned, the scrutiny of life quality in urban neighborhoods in recent decades, especially in urban development led to a lot of researches in order to application of science. So in this research, the geographic, natural, social, financial & physical realms were scrutinized. So that it was asked the respondents to express their satisfaction from life realms that scrutinized in this research. This work helps the rate of respondents’ satisfaction from each of realms. The results showed that on the one hand, most of respondents were satisfied from geographic realms & natural environment. So that appropriated the highest mean & rating & on the other hand, most of respondents were dissatisfied from physical realm by the lowest mean & rating among all realms. Also according to the mean rating of respondents’ satisfaction from realms, rated to scrutiny of urban neighborhoods that Koonayi neighborhood had the highest rate & the Shiravand neighborhood had the lowest rate. However, the Koonayi neighborhood had the second place in financial & physical realm; that had the first place, because of close to city center & also having better substructures & access to the other neighborhoods & also colonizes to expensive houses. Shiravand neighborhood had the lower rate, because of settling in Kooshe city & also the more distance rather than the city center. So the kind of having urban services & the life quality level in Koohdasht city has been increased & the desired question approved.

Health tourism is a form of travel in addition to recreation, leisure, comfort, health and medical care as well. This paper aims to assess the state of health tourism in the city of Mashhad, from the perspective of foreign tourists, identify weaknesses in health tourism and health tourism adsorption process and provide medical services to foreign patients in Mashhad compilation.Research methods, descriptive and analytical. In order to collect information from documents and field methods used. Information collected through the questionnaire and analysis was conducted in SPSS. The results showed that the most important health challenges that tourists visit and stay in Mashhad faced include; lack of marketing and information systems in processes of admission and treatment in Mashhad, lack of acceptance of the electronic patient payment transaction costs and weak financial systems in hospitals, to support foreign languages in hospitals, the lack of a complete package of tourism health problems related to visa processing, transportation within the city.