فصلنامه سلامت و مراقبت
سال هجدهم شماره 1 (بهار 1395)

Family structure and the position of the child in the family plays important role in the development of his/her personality. Some studies have found an significant association between the level of family function and variables including rape, deprivation, fear, anxiety, and attention deficit hyperactive disorder in children. So, the aim of this study was to determine the correlation between family function and anxiety in first year primary school students.
This study conducted using descriptive and correlational design. The study population consisted of 137 students studying in first grade primary non-profit schools located in the district one of the city of Hamadan, 2014-2015. A sample of 100 mothers and their children (50 male and 50 female) were selected to participate in the study. Participants responded to Family Function Scale (FFS) and Spence child anxiety questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Pearson coefficient test were used to data analysis in SPSS-22.
The results showed that general anxiety has negative relationship with emotional involvement (r=-0.91, p According to the results of this research, it is necessary to teach improving family function techniques to parents. It’s necessary to inform parents about the impact of their performance in family regarding mental health of their children.

Addiction is one of the most important social deviations that is a basis for many social issues and disorders in the society. The aim of this study was to survey the relationship between attachment style and impulsivity with tendency to addiction.
The study was a descriptive-correlational researchand was performed on students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University who were studying in the academic year 2014-2015. A sample of 240 persons was selected by the cluster sampling method. The questionnaires including Addiction Potential Scale (IAPS), Attachment style, and Impulsivity questionnaire were used for data gathering. Correlation test and regression analysis were used to data analysis by spss-18.
Findings indicated that secure attachment (r=-0.44), ambivalent attachment (r=0.27), disorganization (r=0.25), motor impulsivity (r=0.44), and cognitive impulsivity (r=0.43) are correlated with tendency to addiction. Results of regression analysis showed attachment and impulsivity can explain 20% of the variance of tendency to addiction.
According to the findings, proper planning and implementation of training courses for the families can provide appropriate background for the creation of secure attachment in children. In addition, impulsivity can be controlled through applying workshops in the fields of life skills, problem solving, and decision-making.

Cesarean section has important role in reducing mortality rate and complications of delivery in both mothers and fetus. However, high rate of cesarean section is a major issue in the modern obstetrics. According to the World Health Organization, the expected rate of cesarean section should be 10-15 percent in different countries. In Iran, cesarean rate is about 50-65 percent. Given the high prevalence of cesarean section, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of cesarean and its causes in governmental obstetric hospitals of Kashan in 2014.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 5751 births in two obstetric centers of Kashan in 2014. Required information was obtained from the data recorded in the mentioned two delivery centers. Cesarean rates were obtained in relation to the total number of births in the two centers, and reasons for cesarean section were extracted from patient’s records and obtained information was entered in a checklist and the absolute and relative frequency was obtained. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, and independent t-test in SPSS-16.
The results showed that 50.9% of deliveries were performed by caesarean section in the governmental delivery centers of Kashan. The highest rate of cesarean section was in the women of 25-29 years with 1-2 pregnancies. The major reasons for the cesarean sections were previous cesarean section (35.3%), fetal distress (14.8%), excretion of meconium (8.7%) and failure of normal labor progress (7.4%).
Due to the high prevalence of cesarean in the city of Kashan, offering the strategies and interventions such as educational modules is suggested for pregnant women to reduce the incidence of cesarean delivery; also due to the high rate of repeated cesarean sections it is recommended for the policy makers and authorities to provide the essential facilities to increase vaginal birth even in women who have had prior cesarean section.

The family is a natural social system that in all stages of its development, couples are in the main system and a number of factors such as hope and happiness are involved in their marital satisfaction. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hope and happiness and marital satisfaction in married students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences.
The design of this study was a correlational method. Statistical population comprised of all married students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in the year 2015. Using convenience-sampling method, 150 married students (80 female and 70 male) were involved in the study. The Schneider’s hope scale, oxford happiness questionnaire, and marital satisfaction questionnaire were used to data gathering and data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis in spss v.16.
The findings showed positive correlation between hope - happiness with marital satisfaction of students (p Hence, we can conclude that with increasing the level of hope and happiness of married students, the marital satisfaction will increase. Therefore, considering the importance of marital satisfaction among married students and the role of hope and happiness in its prediction, attention to married student's awareness about hope and happiness would be necessary.

Cancer makes various changes in quality of life and coping styles and it is supposed that religious attitude of cancer patients has fundamental role in these factors. This study aimed to investigate the structural association between religious attitudes-coping style and quality of life - fatigue in cancer patients.
This research was a correlational study and research population consists of all cancer patients who had come to Shahid Ghazi Hospital, Tabriz in 2014. From the above-mentioned population, 140 subjects have been selected through available non-random sampling. Patients completed Shahidi and Frajneya’s religious attitude, WHO quality of life, Lazarous and Folkman coping style, and Deriis fatigue questionnaires. Data were analyzed using structural equations model (LISREL) version 8.75 and SPSS v. 19.
The results showed religious attitude and coping style have significant association with quality of life and fatigue (p=0.001). Also equation-structural relationship between religious attitude, coping style, quality of life and fatigue were significant. On the other word, religious attitude can predict quality of life and fatigue with meditating role of coping style. Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA=0.05) and Comparative Fit Index (CFI=0.95) were showed that supposed model is suitable in predicting quality of life, fatigue and coping style with dependent role of religious attitude .
Because of the important role of religious attitude in daily life of people, they play important role in confronting disease such as cancer. Enhancing religious attitude in cancer patients will improve the coping style and quality of life and the sense of fatigue would be reduced.

One of the problems in patients undergoing hemodialysis is depression and anxiety. Hope as part of spirituality effectively reduces the psychological symptoms in these patients. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between hope and depression - anxiety in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 hemodialysis patients referring to Amin hospital of Isfahan in 2014. Subjects were selected by convenience sampling method and data were collected using demographic data sheet, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Herth’s Hope Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS v.14.
Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was significant inverse correlation between hope and anxiety-depression (p According to the results, in order to increase hope among hemodialysis patients nurses should apply strategies to reduce anxiety and depression.

Aggression not only harms the victims, but also affects their own growth. Aggression refers to any form of behavior that can hurt and harm the others. Too much pphysiological aggression may cause excessive activity of the parasympathetic nervous system or may cause excessive reaction to environmental or laboratory stressors. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on reducing physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility among students addicted to the internet.
The research method was semi-experimental and the design was pretest-posttest with control group. The population consisted of all high school male students addicted to the internet in the schools of Tehran’s 21 district in 2015. Intervention and sampling lasted 4 months from May to October 2015. Sample was composed of 30 students from the community. Subjects were chosen using cluster sampling method. The subjects were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Study measurement tools were Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) and Young’s Internet Addiction Test. AQ measurement tool measures four subscales of physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility. Internet addiction test discriminates ordinary internet users from the users who have internet addiction. Acceptance and commitment therapy was conducted in Manshor-e-Mehr Research Center in 8 sessions and each session lasted 45 minutes. The subjects responded to questionnaires before treatment and 1 month after treatment. Descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance by using SPSS V.22 were used for data analysis.
Findings showed that acceptance and commitment therapy decreased subjects’ physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility in the experimental group (p The results of this study shows a better understanding of the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on aggression variables, and it is proposed that researchers do this study in the other communities with a wider age range.

The defense mechanisms are mental processes in the structure of personality which has impact on psychological coping mechanisms. Assessing the relationship between defense mechanisms with perceived social support and quality of life that play key role in women’s mental-social health is an inevitable necessity. So, the aim of this study was to predict defense mechanisms based on the perceived quality of life and social and emotional support in married women.
This descriptive study comprised a sample of 200 married women aged 20 to 50 years old referred to Somayeh teaching hospital of the city of Sanandaj which was chosen by convenience sampling method. Data gathering tool was quality of life, perceived social-emotional support and defense styles questionnaires which were completed by the participants. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis in SPSS (V. 16).
Based on the results of regression analysis, mental health (0.34) and social function (0.25) had strong β-coefficient to explain the coping mechanisms. As well, among the components of perceived social and emotional support, only the item of family (0.16) predicted the dependent variable of coping mechanism.
According to the findings, in order to promote mental health and social function, it is necessary to have new attention to educational and training measures, as preventive and fundamental effort to improve the quality of life and strengthening mature defense mechanisms in married women.