فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناختی
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 42، بهار 1395)

The purpose of this study was considering Predicting Violence against Their Wives with respect of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Attachment Styles. Participants included 197 couples who dwelt in Karaj Township, whose life time living together passed at least one year and the age rang was between 20 to 55. Women completed the violence measure questionnaires which were composed of HajjYahya(1999).Husbands also completed Reed & Collin’s adult attachment style questionnaires, (1990) and short form of Yang maladaptive schemas (1998).
The result of research shows that there is a positive and significant correlation between insecure attachment styles and men's domestic violence against their wives. Also All schemas except 5 occasion (dependence, vulnerability to harm or illness, undeveloped self, self-sacrifice and emotional inhibition) has positive and significance correlation with violence too. Regression variance analysis also shows that attachment styles and maladaptive schemas have definitive role in violence prediction.

Present study aim was to investigate structural relation of HEXACO personality factors and Cluster B personality disorders. To this end, 100 students were selected by simple sampling and filled out MCMI-III and HEXACO-PI-R. Then data were analyzed by Partial Least Square (PLS) method of structural equation modeling (SEM) and to this aim second version of SmartPLS software was used. The measurement model result of each personality factors and personality disorders showed major indicators of these variables were valid and reliable, but some of them were loaded weakly in their latent variables, then they were excluded. Result of structural model indicates agreeableness, emotionality and honesty-humility had meaningful effect on antisocial personality disorder; emotionality and agreeableness has meaningful effect on borderline personality disorder; extroversion and openness to experience had meaningful effect on histrionic personality disorder; and finally extroversion, emotionality and honesty-humility has meaningful effect on narcissistic personality disorder. Also Q2 coefficient suggests the present model is able to predict indicators of endogenous latent variables. Findings are discussed according to biological constructs.

This study aimed to investigate the differences of decision making and special attention between major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients. The sample size was 100 of patients that 50 of them were selected for MDD group as well as 50 for GAD group. Participants were selected randomly among the clients of psychiatric hospitals. This study was experimental and was conducted in three phase. The SCID semi-structural inventory of diagnosis and DASS-21 scale were applied for measuring MDD and GAD. The N-Back software test was applied for measuring the special attention and decision making (Khodadadi, Mashhadi & Amani, 2014). Results of one way ANOVA to compare the mean of decision making were 0, 3.97 & 2.52 as well as for special attention 2.43, 38.24 & 28.74. These findings showed that the MDD patients are weak in searching and focusing the cue whereas they are quick when deciding whether to stabilize the cue. In contrast, the GAD patients are same as the MDD patients in focusing and searching the cue while they significantly hesitate when deciding to stabilize it. Special attention is same in both disorders but high speed in decision making is the cognitive factor ruling the major depressive disorder.

The present research aimed to examine the effectiveness of virtual reality exposure therapy in reducing the driving phobia in a single case study. the research was conducted within an experimental framework and the case study was selected among all people who referred to the Counselling Centre of Allameh Tabatabai University in October 2015. On the basis of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the symptoms of driving phobia were extracted for the case study and the virtual reality exposure therapy was performed for the applicant. The Driving Cognitions Questionnaire (Blanchard, Hickling, Taylor, & Loos, 1995) was completed by applicant before and after treatment. Visual analysis and percent of improvement were used for analysis of the data. The results showed that virtual reality exposure therapy could significantly change the score of cognition scale and consequently reduce the driving phobia in the applicant. In addition, findings for two consecutive months proved that the results were 63% stable. virtual reality exposure therapy is not only an effective method in reducing driving phobia, but it can also be considered as a modern method of treatment in Iran.

The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of humor training in marital adjustment and psychological well-being through an quasi experimental design. All female teachers in Ardestan city in the academic year 2012-2013 were included in the study. Based on the score of marital adjustment questionnaire (DAS, Spanier) and a psychological well being questionnaire (RSPWB, Ryff) twenty-eight persons were selected, through randomly assignment to an experimental and control group (14 persons in each group).The experimental group received the humor training program inspired by McGhee’s 8-Step Humor Skills Training Program (2002) In eight sessions (60 minut). Data were analyzed using Covariance test. The DAS and RSPWB were again administrated to both groups. Findings showed that marital adjustment in the experimental group was enhanced as compared to the control group and there were no significant differences between experimental group and control group in psychological well-being. For more reliable results, researcher suggests that the session at least continue for six monthes.

De Ruiter and Brosschot (1995) have suggested a process in patients with social anxiety disorder in reaction to their feared stimulus. At the first stage of processing there is an attentional shift towards the stimulus, followed by a later stage in which the stimulus is avoided, so the aim of this study was to investigate the recognition of facial expressions in patients with a social anxiety disorder in compare to healthy control group and in the other hand comparison of emotion recognition in two groups of social phobia patients with different duration of emotional stimulus presentation
the sample size is over 45 individuals, consist of 30 persons with social phobia disorder and 15 individuals as control group, 30 people with social phobia was divided into two group thus15 persons with 500 milliseconds presentation of emotional stimulus and 15 persons with 2/5 second presentation of emotional stimuli.
Results showed that two groups with social phobia didn’t have significant differences in facial affect recognition except in disgust and neutral emotions thus social phobia people by 500 millisecond's presentation had weaker performance in neutral and disgust recognition.
So the avoidance in negative emotions recognition in this group of individual couldn’t be explained by De Ruiter and Brosschot (1995) approach.

The aim of this study was to investigate effectiveness of training of psychological capital on dimensions of social capital among women teachers Behbahan elementary schools. The research was semi quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design. Statistical population included 230 women teachers in Behbahan elementary schools. 60 people were selected using random sampling method and were randomly assigned to two groups of 30 samples. Abili social capital questionnaires were completed by the two groups at the stage of pre-test and post – test. The experimental group received Luthans Psychological Capital training through eleven sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Research findings indicate that training Psychological Capital have positive effects on dimensions social capital. Thus it is suggested that educational managers develop a climate of trust and friendship among teachers by holding psychological capital training workshops.

The purpose of study was investigate the effects of positive and negative self-esteem manipulation on the variability of cardiovascular performance. This study was an experimental research with pretest-posttest control group design. The research population were composed of the Farhangian university students in the academic year 2013-2014. The sample consisted of 90 subjects (45 males and 45 females) who were selected with random systematic method. To manipulate self-esteem, according to previous studies, subjects individually in three groups of positive and negative manipulation and control groups were participated. Rosenberg scale administered to measure of self-esteem. The multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to data analysis. Results of experimental study on the manipulation of self-esteem showed that a significant difference p