مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار
سال بیست و سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 85، خرداد و تیر 1395)

Spiritual intelligence represents a different set of skills and abilities that each of them is displayed in different forms in social and historical contexts; and self-efficacy is one's belief in own abilities to solve problems and deal with problems. The purpose of this study was to determine if spiritual intelligence can predict self-efficacy.
This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out among students of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences in the year 2012. 129 individuals were selected via Stratified sampling method. Individuals were assessed by spiritual intelligence questionnaire and Self Efficacy Scale (SES). Data was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, t-student test and linear multiple regression (stepwise), by SPSS 20 software. The p-value was considered 0.05.
Results show that the correlation between spiritual intelligence and self-efficacy was statistically significant (r=0.612, p-value The conclusion of the study is that spiritual intelligence is prolific in predicting self-efficacy. So, you can promote student's spiritual intelligence skills, to increase their self-efficacy in academic, social and family affairs.

Nowadays the use of herbal plants due to their low complications attracts the mind of many scientists. The aim of this study is the assessment of the Naloxone as an antagonist of opioids on seizure duration time induced by PTZ and determine the anticonvulsant mechanism of hydro alcoholic extract of Scrophularia striata Boiss.
In the present study, 40 male mice were randomly divided into five groups of eight; The control group (receiving PTZ 80 mg/kg, i.p.), Two treatment groups (Scrophularia striata 600 and 900 mg/kg, i.p.) and two experimental groups (Scrophularia striata 600 and 900 mg/kg i.p plus Naloxone 5 mg/kg, i.p., 5 minutes before extract injection). With injection of PTZ, convulsive behaviors in mice during 20 minutes were recorded by camera and the various stages of seizures were evaluated. Statistical data were analyzed using with the tests of one way Variance and Tukey in SPSS 16. P Statistical analysis showed that Naloxone injection with extract administration have slightly and not significantly decreased the latency time to tonic and clonic seizure in comparison with the control group. Latency time to tonic-colonic has been increased in extract only group and extract associated Naloxone group. With injection of the extract alone total seizure time has decreased but in extract associated Naloxone group this time has increased that this increasing in dose of 600 mg/kg is significant in comparison with control group (P Our study indicated that Naloxone as an antagonist can inhibit the anticonvulsant activity of hydro alcoholic extract of Scrophularia striata Boiss.

With the advent and increasing microbial organisms that resistant to multiple antibiotics, as well as the necessity of decrease the cost of health care, the production of broad range of anti-microbial materials has become unavoidable for human societies. In this study, we synthesized the silver nanoparticles using bacterial α-amylase enzyme and evaluated the antibacterial properties of this eco-friendly nanoparticles.
Silver nanoparticles were synthesized biologically using bacterial α-amylase enzyme, then the effects of antibacterial nanoparticles synthesized in LB medium containing various strains of pathogenic bacteria were investigated and then the minimal inhibitory concentration was calculated.
Nanoparticles produced by this method, based on DLS and SEM analysis, have the size of 20-40 nm and have good activity against Gram-positive bacteria and gram negative pathogenic bacteria. In the 200 of Ag-NPs, the all of pathogenic bacteria was killed.
Biological nanoparticles synthesis relative to other physical and chemical methods has lower cost and higher durability (1). Due to good antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles, this material has good medical applications.

Epidemiological studies of diet and asthma have focused on intakes of individual nutrients and foods and few studies have examined associations with dietary patterns. The aim of this study was to determine dietary patterns in patients with asthma.
A case–control study of 47 cases with asthma and 47 healthy controls aged between 18 and 50 in Ahvaz, Iran, was carried out. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected by personal questionnaire. Information about usual diet was obtained by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Independent sample t-test was used to compare variables.
No significant differences were observed in anthropometric indices and dietary intakes of energy and macronutrients between groups. The meat and alternatives food group consumed less in asthmatic patients compared to healthy controls (P=0.032), but no significant differences were shown in the consumption of other main food groups. The processed meats, fast foods and salty foods were consumed less in the case group but the consumption of hydrogenated oils was significantly higher in this group (P It seems the decreased consumption of fast foods and the compliance of dietary regimen in order to control the asthma symptoms or attacks resulted in following healthier dietary pattern in patients. Future studies with larger sample size and biochemical assays are suggested.

As a result of an increase in using of computers in the occupational environments, the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) has increased in these types of occupations. These musculoskeletal disorders also Imposes heavy financial consequences on health care systems. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between psychosocial factors and the prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort in VDT workers.
This cross-sectional study was carried out in three cities covered by one directs of the Iranian Gas Transmission Operation during 2011 and 2012 years. In this study, all of 300 office workers in this region participated. The investigation consisted of two questionnaires, first standardized Nordic questionnaires to measure the prevalence of disorder, second ALL EMPLOEE SURVEY questionnaire to measure psychosocial factors. Statistical analyses were performed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS version 16.0). The Statistical methods used in this study include chi-square and logistic regression.
The mean age and work experience of the subjects were 7.00 ± 59.34 and 71.6 ± 56.9, respectively. The highest prevalence rate of disorder was found in the Lower back (49.7%) and neck (49.0%) regions. Results of the multiple logistic regression models show that psychosocial like work / family balance, job control, leadership, resources , customer service , co-worker support , reward , cooperation, employee development and job demands, and the individual factors like sex, BMI and education level were independently associated with prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (p The results of the study indicated that some psychosocial factors are related to prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. Consequently, in order to prevent or reduce musculoskeletal disorders, these factors must be considered.

Decellularised tissues matrix is considered as an ultimate scaffolding system for two reasons: firstly it has mechanical and structural similarity with natural tissue, secondly extra cellular matrix proteins remain intact after decellularization, which are important for cell differentiation. The aim of this study is investigation behavior rat adherent bone marrow cells cultured in decellularised matrix of human skin.
In this study, human skin tissues were decellularised by three physical (slow freezing and snap freeze–thaw), enzymatic (trypsin 0.25%, 18 hours) and chemical (sodium dodecyl sulfate- SDS 1%, 12 hours). After washing and sterilization procedures, scaffolds cultivated with 4×10⁵ rat adherent bone marrow cells. Finally, histological studies were performed after 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of culture and investigated with different staining.
Histological study of decellularised scaffolds revealed that nuclear and cellular components of the tissues were completely removed and collagen fibers remained intact. At 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of culture, in vitro analysis showed adhesion and also proliferation of rat adherent bone marrow cells. Also, we did not observe any penetration and migration of the cells into scaffolds. Statistical analysis indicated significant difference in percentage of cell density in specimens cultured after 2 weeks versus the other specimens (P the overall results showed that remnant ECM (Extracellular Matrix) of human skin can be a suitable scaffold for studying Rat Adherent Bone Marrow Cells behavior.

Background & Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) significantly affect the chemistry of atmosphere and human health and petroleum storage has been identified as largest emitters of VOCs. With models of air pollution can model the concentration and distribution of VOCs from oil tanks. The aim of this study was to investigate and model of VOCs emissions from an oil tanks field in Iran using the TANKs 4.0.9d software and the distribution of these compounds in the study area using AERMOD model.
In this study, the rate and percentage of monthly emissions of VOCs from 22 oil storage tanks in 12 months year 2014(1392-1393) using the TANKS software were determined according to losses and tank type in Esfahan, Iran. Then, by using AERMOD model the maximum concentration of VOCs in the area with the surface of 10 × 10 km2 and with a network distance of 200m and then in the range of 50 × 50 km2 and with a network of 1000 m in the statistic period of 12 months and for a average time of 1, 3, 8 and 24 hours, one-month and one -year statistical period at the height of 1.5m of the Earth's surface was determined and the distribution of VOCs in the area was simulated and displayed by GIS software.
The results of TANKS software showed that the studied tanks were annually emitted 1485801.26 tons VOCs in which the tanks with external floating roof 99.98% and with fixed vertical roof 0.017% were contributed. The results of AERMOD software also indicated that maximum concentrations of VOCs occur in the area 10×10 km2 in cold seasons. This phenomenon is due to reduce of mixing depth and resulting in the formation of the inversion phenomenon.
This work can help plant engineers to decide on an appropriate strategy to control VOCs. Employing the tanks with fixed vertical roof and modification of operational pattern could lead to a reduction of VOCs emissions and eventually affect the economical, ecological and hygienic aspects.

Considering the prevalence of cigarette and hookah smoking among adolescents and the need to identify the components and dimensions of such behaviors, this study was conducted to determine the predictors of smoking cigarette and hookah among students due to designing appropriate and effective interventions.
Using a cluster random sampling method, 201 male students were selected from highschool in Najaf Abad city, Isfahan. The selected students were evaluated by the revised risk and protective factors of drug use questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses.
The results of correlation coefficient showed that there was significant positive correlation between cigarette smokings in the lifetime and all 12 components risk profile. Also, drug use and hookah smoking in the lifetime were related with hopelessness, social skills, sensation seeking, parental attitudes to drug use, monitoring, family and sense of commitment to school. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that components of attitudes to drug use, parental attitudes to drug use and impulsivity predictive variance explain the 55 percent of cigarette smoking. Also, attitudes toward drug use and sensation seeking pridicted 19 percent of variance of the hookah smoking, and attitudes toward drug use, social skills, family conflict and parental attitudes to drug use pridicted 17 percent of variance of tend to cigarette smoking and, finally, attitudes toward drug use, family monitoring and chaotic social environment pridicted 19 percent of variance of tend to hookah smoking.
According to the results, one can say that the prevalence of hookah and cigarette smoking in adolescents are increasing and the starting age is decreasing. The hookah and cigarette smoking by adolescents is a multi-factor and multi-level phenomenon, and the major factors for their determining exist at multiple levels of individual, social and family, which should be considered for intervention, prevention, an control of cigarette and hookah.

Flavonoids accounted for the most of antidiabetic effects of heral medicines. The effects of Salvigenin, a flavonoids from salvia officinalis, were not reported. We aimed to investigate the effects of the flavonoid on biochemical indices and cardiac hemodynamic parameters of type 1 diabetic rats.
After extracting the herb, salvigenin was purified by extraction and silica gel column chromatography. Type 1 diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at dose of 70 mg/kg. The rats were allocated into 4 groups as follows: control group that received vehicle and treatments groups that received salvigenin at doses of 5, 10 or 25 mg/kg bodyweight for 30 days. Thereafter, blood samples were collected and fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, serum lipid profile and serum insulin level were measured. One way analysis of variances was used to assess significant differences between means of parameters between groups.
The obtained results implied that salvigenin can significantly reduce fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1cand serum lipid profile. In addition, serum insulin level and plasma HDL were significantly elevated in rats treated with salvigenin in compared to control rats.

Background and Low frequency stimulation (LFS) has anticonvulsant effect. However, its mechanism of action has not been completely determined. In the present study the effect of LFS on evoked inhibitory post synaptic GABAergic currents (eIPSC) is investigated in CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus in kindled rats.
In this experimental study animals were kindled through electrical stimulation of amygdala. 24 hours following fully kindling achievement in 20 Wistar rats, the effect of LFS on eIPSCs was assessed in hippocampal slices.
Obtained results showed that application of LFS at 200 pulses and at the intensity of 1.5 threshold, increased the amplitude and decay time constant of eIPSCs in both control and kindled rats. When 200 pulses of LFS were administered with an intensity equal to threshold, only eIPSC amplitude was increased in both control and kindled groups significantly (P Results of the present study showed that LFS application increased eIPSCs parameters in a pulse number and intensity dependent manner. This increment can be considered as a possible anticonvulsant mechanism of LFS.

Backgrounds & Patients who are under haemodialysis experience a lot of sexual problems which can lead to a reduction in their quality of life. Peer support groups are a kind of social supports that in which peers who have similar experience present some advice to others to enhance their quality of life. The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of peer support group on sexual functionin patients treated with haemodialysis.
Material & A clinical trial research with two cases and control groups was performed on 64 patients undergoing haemodialysis in Vasei hospital of Sabzevar in 2013. The sampling was random. Patients were divided into two groups of intervention and control using the block permutation .The Participants attended 8 weekly sessions comprising 2 hours each week. The topic was according to the patients’ needs and interests. Research tools were: demographic questionnaire, sexual function of part dialysis patients, life quality Questionnaire (KDQOL-SFTM). For data analysis, descriptive and deductive (paied t- test and independent t-test) statistics SPSS version 18 was used.
After the completion of the study, there was not a significant difference between sexual health situation scores of two groups (case and control) (p value>0.05). After attending peer support group in case group there were not a significant differences in mental health situation scores (p value>0.05) .
According to the results of this study, attending peer support group in hemodialysis patients will improve their sexual function. But this change was not significant.

Appendicitis is the most common and the most important medical emergency and most of these patients undergo appendectomy. The diagnosis of appendicitis is critical and value of diagnostic laboratory tests has always been discussed. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of increasing of CRP in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.
This was a cross- sectional study. 105 persons of recourse to Shahid Motahari hospital emergency of Marvdasht in 2012, were examined. Before giving any preoperational Antibiotics, blood samples for measurement of serum CRP levels were prepared. After surgery, the relationship between serum levels of CRP and appendix tissue biopsy and the surgeon about the type of tissue to be investigated. All data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 (ANOVA and Tukey test).
81 patients of participants that were studied had acute appendicitis and 24 of them had normal appendix. Among patients with acute appendicitis, 65 patients had increased serum CRP levels and 16 patients had normal serum CRP levels. The sensitivity and specificity of CRP respectively were 80% and 63% in this study.
The results showed that evaluation of serum CRP levels can be useful and beneficial in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. This type of cancer is the second leading cause of death and is of the highest prevalence in men. Therefore, having a general picture of the characteristics and changes of the cancer epidemiology is essential for this type of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of prostate cancer and its incidence trends in Iran.
This cross - sectional study conducted on date extracted from cancer registry system in Iran during 2003 to 2009. After separation of the data for prostate cancer, number of cases, incidence, and standardized incidence were studied, and the epidemiological characteristics of the disease during the studied period were presented.
Incidence of prostate cancer in Iran has an increasing trend, so that the number of cases recorded in 2003 and 2009 are 1548 and 3856 cases, respectively. The lowest age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) observed in 2003 whit 5.4 and the highest ASR observed in 2009 whit 12. Among provinces, Tehran has the highest cases of prostate cancer and Sistan and Baluchistan province has the lowest cases. The highest incidence rate reported in the age group above 50 years.
Prostate cancer is a disease of older men that its incidence is increasing in Iran. Due to the changing in lifestyle of the people and the aging of the population, planning to conduct epidemiological and etiological studies about this cancer and early detection of disease by using screening test seems necessary.

Multiple sclerosis is one of the neuro-cognitive disorders that make a lot of cognitive and behavioral effects. This study was aimed to compare executive function and life orientation in multiple sclerosis patients and healthy people.
This study was descriptive and causal-comparative. Among all of the patients referred to Multiple Sclerosis Society of Iran, 100 patients with multiple sclerosis, at least 5 years of their disease passing, were chosen by sample randomization. For the comparison group, among relatives of patients with multiple sclerosis and multiple sclerosis society staff, 100 people were matched in terms of age, sex, education, occupation and marital status. Data was obtained by using executive function questionnaire (Nejati, 2013) and life orientation questionnaire (Scheier and Carver, 1985) and analyzed by T-test and MANOVA.
Healthy people have higher average in the scales of executive functions and life orientation, compared to patients with multiple sclerosis. There is a significant different between these groups (p>0/05).
Results showed that patients with multiple sclerosis compared to healthy people are of a lower position in the scales of executive functions. Life orientation scores in multiple sclerosis patients was lower than healthy people, and their attitude is toward the negative direction and pessimistic. According to the results, there is a need to pay more serious attention from specialists about intervention in the problems of this group.

According to benefits of psycho-physiological effects of aerobic exercise, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of eight-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training on menstrual cycle disorders and plasma levels of FSH and LH.
In this study, 20 women with menstrual disorder randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group submitted 8 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, while the control group had no regular physical training. 24 hours before and after the period of exercise training, follicular phase blood samples of all subjects were taken to measure hormonal variables and then they responded to questionnaires to determine levels of menstrual disorders.
The research results revealed that, after 8-week training, pain at Visual Analgesic Scale in experimental group decreased significantly (p

The importance of omega-3 fatty acids as dietary supplements and its anti-inflammatory effects have been identified, so this study was aimed at determining the effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation and six weeks anaerobic exercise on changes in plasma levels of PGE2, CK, and LDH among active women.
This study was a semi-experimental method with successive measurements. For the mentioned purpose, 32 healthy and active students (mean age of 22.41 ± 0.3 years, mean height 162.77± 2.1 cm, average weight 58.06± 2.0 kg and mean body mass index of 22.01±2.0 kg/m2) were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, supplements, exercise, exercise-supplementsand were studied for six weeks. ANOVA, Bonferroni test were used for statistical analysis and spectophotometry method was used for blood markers analysis.
The results showed that six weeks of aerobic exercise significantly increased CK and LDH and PGE2 (P=0.001) while these parameters were decreased in the exercise-supplementsgroup, although the reduction rates were not significant. The level of mentioned indices significantly decreased in the group that received only omega-3 (PGE2: P=0.05 and CK: P=0.034).
According to achieved results; it can be deduced that CK, LDH and PGE2 levels increase during six weeks of aerobic exercise among active women. On the other hand, if omega3 supplements be taken during anaerobic exercises, the level of mentioned parameter will decrease.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women so that it is the second common cancer (after lung cancer) in women. Vitex pseudo negundo is used as a traditional medicine. Recently, the biological activities of Vitex pseudo negundo plants have been reported as possessing anticancer, antibacterial, antiulcer and antifungal properties. However, the antitumor effects of this medicine have not been studied in cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor effect of Vitex pseudo negundo fruit on breast cancer cell lines.
Breast cancer (MCF7) cell lines were cultured in DMEM medium. Vitex pseudo negundo fruit was extracted; and different dilutions of Vitex pseudo negundo extract (5mg/mL to 100mg/mL) were added to cell culture. Cell viability was quantitated by MTT assay after 72 hours.
The findings indicate that the extract of Vitex pseudo negundo fruit on MCF7 cancer cell lines had cytotoxicity in all concentrations and the highest inhibition was 50 and 100 mg/ml concentrations.
Our study shows that Vitex pseudo negundo fruit extract has cytotoxic effects on tumor cells, It seems that Vitex pseudo negundo fruit could be considered as a promising chemotherapeutic agent in cancer treatment.

Hot working conditions are common in open-pit mines where workers are exposed to heat stress. Investigating the hot working environments may lead to preventing diseases caused by thermal stress in mines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between WBGT thermal stress index and physiological parameters in the iron ore miners.
The present descriptive study was conducted on 120 healthy men in the summer season. Tympanic and skin temperatures were measured using a FT70 model thermometer manufactured by Beurer Co, Germany. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured using Emsig BO26 model (Taiwan) digital instrumentation. All environmental and physiological parameters were simultaneously measured and recorded. The WBGT index was calculated using the formula. Finally, the correlations were evaluated using linear regression and Pearson's correlation.
The statistically significant correlation between WBGT heat stress index and physiological parameters was found. The Pearson's correlations between WBGT index and tympanic temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 0.592, 0.557, 0.624, 0.486 and 0.419, respectively.
WBGT index showed a high correlation with physiological parameters, including tympanic temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and had the highest correlation with heart rate. WBGT index has an acceptable correlation with physiological parameters of Workers in open pit mines and can be a suitable index to evaluate thermal stress in such working environments.

Vertebroplasty is a new and effective treatment for strengthening broken vertebra and reducing the pain arisen from osteoporotic fractures. This study was performed to determine the pain reduction effect of percutaneous vertebroplasty with calcium phosphate in traumatic vertebral fractures in patients attending to Laleh, Mehrad and Booali Hospitals in 2012.
In this quasi-experimental study, 18 patients with traumatic fractures in Laleh, Mehrdad and Bu Ali hospitals were studied during the year 2012. The method of purposeful non-probability sampling was used and ethical issues were carefully considered.
Pain intensity were determined and compared based on Visual Analog Scale in 3 phases; before and immediately after percutaneous surgery and vertebroplasty with calcium carbonate, and 6 months later. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistic method.
In this study, at first, the mean preoperative VAS was 8.2 that, subsequently, decreased to 1.68 and zero. Comparison of preoperative and postoperative pain severities demonstrated that 79.6% reduction was observed in the pain and later this amount was increased to 100%. Overly, there was not a relationship between changes in VAS and variables such as leakage in patients, age, calcium carbonate amount, gender and level of involvement.
It may be concluded that percutaneous vertebroplasty with calcium phosphate is effective in patients with traumatic vertebral fractures. Choosing the right patient, precise needle placement with fluoroscopic guide, timely injection of cement and experience play key roles in the success of this method.

Coronary artery disease is the most common cardiovascular disease and cause of a lot of deaths worldwide. In patients with this disease, symptom management is performed both pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically. Rhythmic breathing is one of the non-pharmacological proposed methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rhythmic breathing on the cardiorespiratory parameters in Acute Coronary Syndrome patients admitted at CCU.
In this clinical trial, 80 patients with acute coronary syndrome were randomly divided into two interventional and control groups. The intervention group performed the rhythmic breathing for 20 minutes every 5 minutes once and it took 1 minute, and any intervention was not performed in the control group, but routine medical procedures were similar in both groups. Before and after the intervention, blood pressure, heart rate, respiration and oxygen saturation were recorded. The study instrument consisted of a demographic questionnaire and a data sheet for recording physiologic parameters, and the data were analyzed by using SPSS software. P values less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Based on the findings, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in systolic blood pressure (P=0.65), diastolic blood pressure (P=0.53), respiratory rate (P=0.12), the rhythm of respiration (P=0.74), heart rate (P=0.61), the rhythm of the heartbeat (P=0.5) and arterial oxygen saturation (P= 0.67).
Despite the lack of significant findings in this study, rhythmic breathing can be conducted in other cardiovascular diseases with a larger sample size, profiting from its potential benefits.