Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences
Volume:4 Issue: 4, 2016

Obesity has now become an epidemic in Iran and there is convincing evidence that psychological factors play an important role in obesity and overweight. Given the key role of employees, as valuable human resources, in providing services and the increasing sedentary lifestyle among them, the current study aimed to explore governmental employees’ perceptions of psychological factors that affect obesity.
This qualitative study was conducted through content analysis. In total, 4 focus group discussions were held with groups of 8 subjects (32 subjects). Semi-structured interviews were conducted on a diverse sample of 35 obese or overweight governmental employees between February 2014 and January 2015. All interviews were audio recorded and were analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin method.
As a result of data analysis, the 3 main categories of poor adaptability in stressful periods, low self-efficacy, and motivators emerged. Poor adaptability in stressful periods consisted of the 5 main subcategories of periods of university entrance exam, soldiering, career, marriage, and childbirth. Low self-efficacy was explored in the 2 main subcategories of lack of positive model and the sense of lack of control over circumstances. Motivators included the subcategories of pleasure and apprehension.
This study showed that perceptions of employees on psychological factors influencing obesity differed. Therefore, further researches, both qualitative and quantitative, are required in this field.

Clinical education is a multidimensional and complex process with cognitive, emotional, and functional aspects. The first experience of clinical environment is the most important point of decision-making regarding the field of study as a future career path. Because of the enormous impact that the first experience of attendance in the delivery room might have on the students’ views regarding their future career and performance, the aim of this study was to describe the first experience of midwifery students in the delivery room.
This qualitative study was performed using a descriptive phenomenological approach in Iran. The subjects of the study consisted of 20 undergraduate midwifery students in their third or fourth semester. They were selected through purposive sampling method. Data were collected via individual tape-recorded interviews and focus group. Data were simultaneously analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step analysis method.
Through data analysis, 216 codes were extracted which were classified under 7 semantic codes. Then, the 2 main themes of transformation of previous beliefs and stress caused by delivery training were extracted from the experiences of the participants.
The results of this study showed that the previous beliefs of the students underwent transformation on their first experience of attending the delivery room. Various factors influenced their first experience. According to the results of this study and other similar studies, and due to the stressful nature of this field of study, attempts to prepare students before entering the delivery room to reduce the stress experienced in their first attendance and promote clinical education are necessary.

Trust in nursing care has profound effects on parents of hospitalized children, their child, and subsequent hospital admissions. The creation and maintenance of trust is essential to increasing the benefits of the relationship between nurses and parents of hospitalized children. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore experiences of parents of hospitalized children regarding trust barriers to nursing care.
This qualitative study was conducted in 2012-2013 using content analysis. The Study population consisted of 18 parents of children admitted to pediatric hospitals in Yazd, Iran. The subjects were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through targeted in-depth semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
Data analysis led to the emergence of the main category of unsafe care the sub classes of which included low caring sensitivity, lack of competence, stressful communication, and lack of interest in the profession and patients.
Nursing managers can facilitate the evolution of trust in nursing care among parents by taking measures to improve the professional performance of nurses, educate nurses about issues such as how to communicate with parents and children, and updat professional knowledge.

Attention to the health of adolescents is investing in the future of any country and their health improvement depends upon their empowerment in terms of self-care. The purpose of this study was to clarify the concept of self-care from the perspective of adolescents in order to take a step towards improving the health of adolescents and the community.
This qualitative study was conducted through content analysis. The study participants consisted of 52 (13-18 years old) adolescents. Data were collected through 10 individual semi structured in-depth interviews and 7 focus group discussions. The subjects were selected through purposive sampling from among residents of various regions in Tehran, Iran, in 2014. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis method.
Data analysis revealed 5 major and 10 minor themes. The themes included healthy nutrition (adhering to a healthy diet, avoiding unhealthy food pattern), physical activity (creating the base for physical activity within the society, creating suitable conditions for physical activity in schools), observance of hygiene (observance of personal hygiene, management to reduce the risks of living in polluted air), sleep (correct pattern of sleep and rest, avoiding the causes of sleep disorders), avoidance of tobacco, drugs, and alcohol (modifying individual risk factors, modifying environmental risk factors).
To promote adolescent health, the development of health plans based on self-care by policymakers is essential.

The national nosocomial surveillance system has been newly developed in Iran; therefore, it is necessary to investigate its different aspects in order to improve the quality of this system. Thus, the aim of this study was the explanation of the status of the nosocomial surveillance system in Iran.
This qualitative study was conducted through qualitative content analysis. The study participants were selected through purposeful sampling method. Data collection was carried out through 17 in-depth interviews and 3 focus group discussions with relevant stakeholders. Data were analyzed using content analysis method. In order to assess the accuracy and validity of the study, validity, confidentiality, and confirmability criteria were evaluated.
Through the analysis of interviews, 9 main themes (planning and policy making, human resources, infection control committee, quality and quantity of resources, protocols, software, surveillance, coordination and education) and 42 subsidiary themes concerning the status of the national nosocomial surveillance system were extracted. According to the participants’ opinions, the planning and algorithm of the program are acceptable. However, some issues exist in components such as applicability, priority, comprehensiveness of the definitions, attitude and behavior of the human resources,and ambiguity of the roles and responsibilities.
This qualitative study showed that numerous factors influence the improvement of the nosocomial surveillance system. The interviews indicated that its design pattern is acceptable. Nevertheless, some of its components are not executed uniformly in all domestic hospitals.

Research has shown that religion and religious beliefs are influential factors in adaptability to difficulties. In such cases, the individual establishes an emotional connection with religion, and God, and this connection can assist individuals in facing and overcoming problems. The purpose of this study was the explanation of experiences of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses regarding religious spiritual care.
In this qualitative study, in order to explain the nurse's experiences of providing religiousspiritual care for patients, 25 ICU nurses of Boo-Ali Sina Hospital were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews. Interviews were recorded, handwritten, coded, classified, and analyzed using conventional content analysis approach.
Nurses experiences indicate their cooperation with patients and their companions regarding the provision of religious-spiritual care in critical conditions in the ICU. Through data analysis the 2 main themes of "respecting patients’ religious beliefs" and "religious-spiritual care behaviors" and 4 sub-themes of disappointment with conventional medicine, the supportive role of nurses, Muslim beliefs, and comfort and consolation provided by beliefs were extracted.
The results suggest that nurses satisfy patients’ and their companions’ last wishes which conventional medicine cannot satisfy through respecting their beliefs.

Surrogacy is an assisted reproductive technology (ART) in which the surrogate mother accepts to host the baby of another in her uterus. Despite the advantages of surrogacy, it has given rise to certain ethical and legal issues. Thus, the aim of the present study was the evaluation of emotional transformation, anxiety, and expectancy among pregnant surrogate mothers.
This qualitative research was conducted based on phenomenological approach. The study population consisted of all pregnant surrogate mothers referring to Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Iran, in 2014. Through purposive sampling method, 5 women were selected. Data were collected using deep and unstructured interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi's method. The reliability and validity of this study was approved based on the 4 elements of dependability, credibility, transferability, and conformability.
The mean age of participants was 32.4 years. Through analysis of interviews, 39 primary codes were extracted. The primary codes were categorized into secondary codes. They consisted of 2 themes of emotional transformation in the donor and recipient (emotional transformation) 4 themes of anxiety in the simultaneous motherhood roles, apathy of the receiver, shame and fear of people close to the donor (anxiety), and 3 themes of trust in God, anticipation of the end of the pregnancy, and hope for the resolution of financial problems (expectancy). Thus, the experience of emotional transformation, anxiety, and expectancy by pregnant surrogate mothers was approved.
Support systems should be strengthened in Iran so that derelict women have insurance and are not compelled to donate ovum and become surrogates several times. The exploitation of these women and damage to their human dignity should be prevented, and education is the best way to prevent this exploitation.

Our society is facing the increasing changes of agreement-based collapse of marriages and agreement-based divorce. Therefore, the study and recognition of issues regarding this phenomenon is an inevitable necessity. Thus, this study aims to investigate the experiences of individuals regarding this phenomenon.
This qualitative study was conducted through phenomenological method. The participants of this study were chosen using purposive sampling from among divorced individuals who had experienced agreement-based divorce in Sirjan, Iran (n = 21). The main method of data collection was unstructured and in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed through Colaizzi’s method.
The main themes of collaborative variables (with sub-themes of social networks and marriage interactions), and individual agency (with sub-themes of lack of consequential understanding and individuation) were extracted.
By describing the determining elements of agreement-based divorce, this study gave us a new understanding of individuals’ experiences regarding this phenomenon. The cause of this phenomenon, in addition to stereotypical elements, can be attributed to factors such as interactions before marriage and lack of correct understanding of sexual intercourse. Based on the findings, this study offered some suggestions for planning and programming in this regard.

One of the most important issues related to the youth is recognizing the different aspects of their lifestyle. Since nursing students, as care providers, play a key role in improving the health of their community, this study aimed to explain different aspects of their lifestyle.
This qualitative research was conducted using content analysis through directional approach in 2015. Through purposive sampling, 14 graduates of the bachelor of nursing (6 women and 8 men) were selected as the study participants. The subjects were studied using in-depth and semi structured interviews and interviews continued until data replication or data saturation. The 4 criteria of acceptability, consistency, determination, and transferability were used to assess the validity, accuracy, and reliability of qualitative data. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and reviewed several times, and then, coded and classified into the main categories through framework analysis of the data.
Through data analysis, 9 main categories that reflect the lifestyle of the students (spiritual, educational, health, social, psychological, virtual, ethical, professional, and economic dimensions) and 25 subcategories were extracted.
The student lifestyle has a complex nature and various dimensions, and to maintain a comprehensive approach all aspects must be taken into consideration. Students pointed to significant problems in various aspects of their lifestyle that require more attention by national and university authorities.

Due to the increasing number of patients with chronic renal failure and renal function replacement with hemodialysis and the central role of nurses in dialysis care, the purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of the hemodialysis patients and medical staff personnel regardingabout of nursing care.
This study was conducted with through qualitative approach and conventional content analysis method in 2014. Twenty participants selected by through purposive sampling and with maximum variation, 20 participants were selected. Which Data were collected through semi structured interviews withby open questions. This the study environment was done inthe hemodialysis ward of Semnan' Kowsar Hospital in Semnan, Iran. Data were analyzed by using of conventional content analysis approach.
The main themes of "palliative care" and "care based on self-management" were extracted from through the data analysis. of the findings, which The theme of palliative care was abstracted from four 4 categories of: "dialysi's stressful factors in dialysis", "therapeutic plan", "interaction with others," and "preparation," and care based on self-management from the category of "dependence / independence".
Findings of this study showed that nursing care in hemodialysis patient includeding of palliative nursing care and care based on self-management. Nurses play an important role in provides the provision of these cares to enhance the quality of life (QOL) for of hemodialysis patients.