فصلنامه پرستاری سالمندان
سال دوم شماره 3 (بهار 1395)

Introduction and Falls and fear of falling are elderly outcomes and are of main health-related problems in older adults. Purpose of this research was to compare health-related quality of life and functional fitness of older adults with and without fear of falling and fall history.
Research method was descriptive and population were men older adults living in Arak that 91 subjects eligible participate in the study voluntarily. Variables measured with SF-36, Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, Senior Functional Fitness Battery, MMSE, and Fall frequency. Data analyzed with independent t-student and with SPSS-16 software.
Findings: The results indicated that about 32% and 27% of subjects had fear of falling and fall history, respectively. Mean scores of subjects in without fear of falling group than with fear of falling counterparts in all subscales of quality of life and functional fitness(exception of flexibility) was higher significantly (p≤ .05). Mean scores of subjects in without fall history group than with fall history group in subscales of quality of life and functional fitness (exception of flexibility) was better significantly (p≤ .05).
Fear of falling and fall history results in avoidance of daily living activities and this activities avoidance may cause functional fitness decline and in results decline in older adult's quality of life and health.

Introduction and is one of the most painful experiences of human after linking emotions.. Losing friends and peers along withsenility and proximity to the last years of life causes intensification of mental distress and depression of the elderly. The present research was carried out aimed at analyzing the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral therapy on depression among the mournful elderly.
Material and The current study is a semi-experimental research using posttest-pretest plan with control group. The statistical population of the research included the mournful elderly living in the nursing homes of Ardebil City in 2014. 30 mournful old adults were selected using the available sampling technique. Becke depression questionnaire (scale) was applied as pretest-posttest in the research and cognitive-behavioral intervention was implimented on the examinee groups in 8 sessions. The data were analyzed using SPSS16 and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) statistical method.
Findings: Analysis of Covariance showed that the means numbers at post test in the intervention group(47/33), had significant decreases in depression, compared with control group(72/20) (P According to the results of this research, group cognitive-behavioral therapy leads to reduction of depression of the elderly via helping them to catharsis of the emotions, giving homework and repel and suspend the intrusive thoughts. so groupcognitive-behavioral therapy has been effective on the depression of the elderly.

Introduction and Hospitalizations can affect the sleep quality in the elderly. A variety of of factors contribute in sleep quality changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate sleep quality and its associated factors in hospitalized elderly patients in hospital.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015. 200 elderly martyr Beheshti hospital were selected by available sampling to be.St. Mary's hospital sleep quality questionnaire (SMHSQ), respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16, ANOVA descriptive statistics and t-test was analyzed.
Findings:The mean age of study population was 70.96 ± 7.99 years. The mean score sleep quality in elderly women22.64 ± 2.85 and older men 22.36±3.1, respectively. The mean score sleep the quality of elderly people in this study, 22.43 ± 3.10 with maximum of 30 and the minimum score of 14. Total the quality of sleep in 87 (43.5%) of the respondents mild and 113 (56.5%) of the middle elderly people. Elderly sleep quality variables, education (p=0/0001), occupation (p=0/043), high blood pressure (p=0/02), personnel noise (p=0/006) and smell unpleasant environments (p= 0/001) was associated.
Results study showed that the quality sleep disturbance in elderly under the influence of environmental factors and underlying. The identification and appropriate intervention to improve the quality of sleep of elderly people admitted to hospitals seem necessary.

Introduction and The importance of sleep in health and disease from the time of Hippocrates have been considered. Sleep disorders as a cause of suffering and illness at any age is important. That is why this study is to assess sleep quality in elderly city of Ilam.
In this cross-sectional study, 360 elderly city of Ilam two-stage cluster sampling were studied. The instrument used, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), which has proven its reliability and validity in different studies. Data analysis software SPSS version 20 and using statistical t-test (for variables group) and ANOVA (for more than two groups of variables) were analyzed. PFindings:The results showed that the mean age of the study, 77/21 ± 5/81 years. More elderly subjects (7/59%), has had poor sleep quality. Between sleep quality with age, sex, marital status, living conditions of elderly people with family history and smoking in the hospital there was a significant correlation (P=0.001).
Given that the majority of elderly subjects had poor sleep quality. It is necessary to increase the quality of sleep necessary precautions like preventing smoking and elderly in hospital readmission done. As well as appropriate interventions such as aromatherapy and massage therapy done to improve sleep quality in the elderly.

Introduction and Osteoporosis and obesity are a major problem that their prevalence is increasing. Obesity is a risk factor for large number of diseases such as, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.Several studies have investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD) and indicate, it has protective effect on bone loss however the results are inconsistent. The aim of this study wasevaluation of relationship between Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density in Elderly women refers to quality of life control and health clinic of Khatam-ol-Anbiya Hospital in 2012-2013.
This sectional study has been done on 139 elderly women aged 60 and over inquality of life control and health clinic of Khatam-ol- Anbiya Hospital inTehran city, Iran. Demographic data collected by questionnaire. Weight and height were measured. Body massindex (BMI) was calculated and bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by DEXA scan in lumbar spine and femoral bone.
Findings: The study population included 139 elderly women with mean age 70.1 ± 6.2 years old. The mean BMI in these groups was 26.6 ± 0.7 kg/m2. In this study, data analyses of femoral bone and lumbar spine showed that aging related by decrease of BMI and bone mineral content (BMC). BMI has significant positive relationship with BMC (p=0.01) that this relationship was strongest in femoral neck (p=0.001). In overall the strongest relationship of femoral bone and lumbar spine BMC was with BMI ((r=0.292, P=0.005) and (r=0.232, P=0.005)). Also, there was a positive significant association between BMI and mean T-Scorein femur and lumbar spine region ((r=0.492, P=0.01) and (r=0.388, P=0.001)).
These data indicate that BMI is associated with bone mass of femur and vertebrae and obesity decreased the risk for osteoporosis.

Introduction and The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different combined training (strength and endurance) on serum levels of homocysteine in elderly inactive woman.
This study was a quasi-experimental research, 40 Retired elderly woman of education (Age: 60.34±0.82 year, High: 155±0.01 cm, Weight: 71.72±1.89 kg) were select purposely and randomly place into four groups, strength endurance (S) (n=10), endurance strength (E) (n=9), circulation combined (CI) (n=12) and control (n=9) groups. Serum levels of homocysteine were measured before and 48 hours after the last training session. Training program done eight week, 3 times per week. Within-group differences were analyzed by paired samples t-test and the between-group differences were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.
Findings: after 8 weeks of combined training, in each of the three experimental groups had a significant reduction in weight, BMI and percent body fat and fasting blood glucose (P≤ 0.05) and had a significant reduction in serum levels of homocysteine in S group (P≤ 0.05). In between-group differences there are significant difference in weight (p=0/017) and BMI (p=0/023) and no significant difference in levels of homocysteine (p>0/05).
According results, it seems, combined training strength endurance by reducing the levels of homocysteine can be a method of prevention of cardiovascular disease in elderly women may be recommended.

Introduction and Number of elderly is increasing in the world and as they grow older the risk of falling increases, accordingly. Visual disturbances are among internal risky factors of falling and meanwhile depth perception attenuation as one king of visual disturbances has the highest relationship with their falling. The aim of present investigation was to the effect of sports participation on depth perception in elderly.
In this quasi-experimental study, 34 participants including 18 activeelderly who were participating in sport and 16 inactive elderly were selected from Tabriz city, using random sampling method. Average age of sample size was (60.88±4.09). The subjects were evaluated 8 times with hot colors (red and orange) and cold colors (blue and green) using depth perception device with simultaneous validity of 0.833 and reliability 0.879. The average of these 8 times was used as individual's depth perception score. Collected data were analyzed using independent t-test.
Findings: There was a significant difference between error level of depth perception in active and inactive elderly (P Generally it can be claimed that exercise plays an important role in most fields of daily life and to some degree in visual-perceptual performance, in a way that doing exercise has direct relationship with visual perception trait.

Intruduction and Elderly Population in the world and Iran rapidly grow, many of whom cannot care of themselves. Moreover, life satisfaction level decreases with increasing age, yet the elderlies who reside in nursing homes have lower rate in life satisfaction than who live in home. Whereas higher rate of life satisfaction results increased longevity and more wellness in elderlies, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of narrative therapy in conjunction with life satisfaction in older men who live in the elderly center.
This study have semi-experimental design with implementation of the pre-test and post-test on two groups (control and test). The study population consisted of all elderly men who live in nursing homes of Sanandaj city. For gather the data "life satisfaction questionnaire" was used. 30 elderly people were randomly selected and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. After implementing pre-test for both, the test and the control groups, intervention Group Counseling "Narrative Therapy" was administered to the experimental group. Finally, life satisfaction scale were measured for both groups and subsequently, after a month follow-up test was done.
Findings: Based on covariance analysis, there is a significant difference between control & experimental groups in pre-post tests (p Using covariance tests and T-test the data was analyzed. Research findings indicate that the narrative therapy intervention, results to increased life satisfaction in elderlies, so result of this treatment can be sought to improve life satisfaction in Seniors.