فصلنامه سیاستگذاری عمومی
سال یکم شماره 4 (زمستان 1394)

Governments should encourage and promote policies on how to be entrepreneurs and ntrepreneurship, there are knowledge gaps. On the one hand the need to develop policies to stimulate entrepreneurship, to achieve a common understanding and consensus about the meaning ofentrepreneurship. The need for policies to promote entrepreneurship science entrepreneurship in education, research, and is promoted was in operation. As mentioned this in turn creates a barrier for backup policies to stimulate entrepreneurship in the communities.

the main purpose of this study was to identify the main components of entrepreneurship development policy in tourism due to the experiences of selected countries. To this end, policy documents of the countries analyzed by using the comparative method of qualitative content analysis process in three steps: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. In total, 124 were primary identification code in the form of 34 axial codes, categorizing and has been classified and finally, with the main themes and categories information explaining the most important issue in the form of 7 selective codes. The results show that the main objective of tourism policy in selected countries, sustainable development of tourism and the preservation of native culture. The important factors considered include development of entrepreneurship and innovation in tourism policy, effective and efficient country image in the international level, product marketing, development of scientific and human capital, development and strengthening of infrastructure, and improved operational environment for tourism businesses.

Iran shares many fields with neighbors. Solo exploitation has been Iran’s prevalent policy in the governance of its joint fields whereas it is adduced that in some cases national interests will be best met through the cooperated governance of joint fields. This article studies various techno-economic, political and juridical aspects of the issue. It, then, postulates a cost-benefit model in providing general national interests to prioritize field’s governance patterns. This method has been applied to Iraqi-Iranian joint fields as a case study. It is concluded that Iran should commence negotiation with Iraq looking for a cooperation pattern. It has been recommended that cooperation should begin from small green fields then be expanded to giant brown ones under extended cooperation patterns.

Oil disorders during the past decades have strong attacks on the country's economy. This leads government officials to pay more attention to demand and supply of energy. The issue of energy security has become one of the components of foreign policy of countries. In a general classification, it can be considered as energy security of supply (imports) and demand (exports). Although Iran has big fossil resources but the experience of recent years shows that it is not very successful in exporting of these resources. In this article we review the definitions and indicators provided for these two concepts of energy security and investigate how to communicate them. The results of this review are considered as a guideline for Iran's energy exports security policy making.

By the time financial crisis experiences, Global financial policymaking has already been changing. Policymaking of International financial markets and global economy due to financial crisis 2007-2011 and wrapped versions for tackling the crisis was vain. Given to this, analysis on interference or non- interference of state as a central argument has been the focus of international political economy. This article tries to find responses to this that whether capitalism system will be able to save from collapse based on neoclassic or neo-Keynesian theories and policies? The article stands on the hypothesis that besides state and market mechanism have played out in Countries in crisis outlets, it is necessary to focus on the role of regional regimes and Approaches of emerging economic powers. The hypothesis test paper is based on analytical-logical method.

Participation is of the processes of democratic citizenship and has become one of the remarkable topics of urban policy. Citizen participation is deemed more important in lower levels of local government like city regions and neighborhoods. This paper studies the participatory representation of a neighborhood council in Tehran along four dimensions of informative, consultative, decisional and executive. Interviews with all the 10 councilors and a survey of 338 neighborhood stakeholders were carried out. Findings suggest that the councilors evaluate the informative and decisional dimensions as low but they assess their consultative dimension as average and the executive dimension as high, whereas the stakeholders evaluate every four dimensions as low. In light of these results, the council’s need to revise its participatory policies might become clear.

This is a study to investigate the cultural policy towards higher education in the two terms of Ahmadinejad's presidency (2005-2013), and to discuss the aspects of its relationship with the discourse order of the higher education. This paper employs the concept of discourse and discourse analysis as both theory and method to answer a major research question about the extent to which the dominant discourse of cultural policy in higher education in this period is associated with the discourse order of the higher education. This study concludes that cultural policy in the higher education should be in line with academic discourse order prevailing in the arena of academia. In respect of the controversy between the two factors of accessibility and credibility, this study touches upon the focus upon Islamization of the academia and the emphasis over the executive and managerial approaches in the established discourse during Ahmadinejad's presidency. The paper propounds the argument that the discourse in this time period, despite being accessible, did not turn out to be credible in the academic setting.