پژوهشنامه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی
پیاپی 17 (پاییز 1392)

Today we known the importance of soil as a source of food production and survival of human society more than before, it will be closer to the study and understanding of the various properties of soil in order to make better use of the appropriate step. Understanding the characteristics of the soil and its associated is affected on plant growth. In order to qualitative evaluation of land suitability for wheat research carried out in Eqbalieh region of Qazvin State. This area has Zerrik moisture regime and thermic temperature regime. Topographic maps were used in this project. Eight profiles were drilled on these lands. The soil was sampled at various depths. Soil colore, number of plants roots in 100 cm2, seams, the grit were determined and the samples were transfer to the laboratory. Chemical and physical characteristics of soil including pH, EC, calcium carbonate, texture, sodium adsorption ratio, organic matter, phosphorus and potassium were measured. Qualitative evaluation of land suitability due to soil and climatic characteristics for wheat were performed. Aftre the above processing, qualitative suitability was procesed with simple constraints the number and severity of restrictions and parametric method for wheat and map was drawn. The results showed that the qualitative evaluation of land suitability for wheat were determined in the class S1 (suitable) and S2 (moderately suitable) after determining.

One of the most delicious, permanent and thorn-less species in the central Alborz is A. demavandicus. This species is distributed widely in the Irano-Touranian region especially in the semi-steppic areas. The preference value of A. demavandicus was higher than other rangeland plants in the high altitude pastures of central Alborz (Alamut region). However, the frequency was lower than other species. There was lack of relevant data regarding to production and consumption values of A. demavandicus. In the current research the changes of production and consumption of above-mentioned plant were investigated from years 2007 to 2010. The results showed that, average value of mass production of A. demavandicus was 2.5, 2.6, 1.3 and 4.2 kg ha-1 in 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. The mean value of plant feeding from 2007 to 2010 of that species was 1.9, 2.4, 0.9 and 3.6 kg ha-1, respectively. Relative production and consumption of that species was 0.1, 0.2, 0.1 and 0.3%, and 0.1, 0.4, 0.1 and 0.6%, respectively in the period of four years. The results of present research could contribute in the dataset of range land information. Also the data is useful for policy and decision makers of forest and range land organization to manage the high altitude pasture under sustainable pasture management approach.

Water scarcity is one of the serious problems in arid and semi-arid plantation causing to the drying up of a high percentage of seedlings. Therefore, saving water in such a situation and prevent its loss through proper management is of particular importance. The new modifier material applied widly in the world, known as superabsorbent polymers. These polymers have high capacity and speed for water absorption, as these are able to absorb and save ten times their weight in water. The superabsorbent polymers act as a reservoirs, the absorbed water can be opened easly and gently for plant roots. This project was done to study the effect of superabsorbent polymers on soil moisthure of ash and juniper forest in Qazvin. This project was carried out as factorial experiment with two factors and three levels of superabsorbent (no intake, 150 gr and 300 gr). The experiments were arranged as a randomized complete block design with 6 treatments in 3 replicates with a total of 18 experimental units with irrigatio period 20 days. The experiments was conducted in Buiin Zahra, Qazvin province, Iran. The amount of soil moisthure was measured in two stages, 10 and 20 days after irrigation. The results showed that the main effect of superabsorbent on soil moisture was significant at the one percent level. The main effect of plant species showed no significant differences between species in soil moisture storage. Also super absorbent and plant species interaction on soil moisture storage was significant at the one percent level. Most of amount moisture was obtioned from level 300 gr superabsorbent soil ingestion rate of 13.50%, and the interaction of 300 gr superabsorbent and the ash is 13.99% within 10 days after irrigation.

Qazvin is one of the most important areas of pistachio production in Iran. The high percentage of fruit loss per pistachio trees is one of major problems in pistachio trees. Boron is a nutrient that improves pollen germination and the development of the pollen tube. Gibberellic acid is a hormone that improves fruit growthand percentage. A complete randomized block factorial expriment with three replication and three factors including two different cultivars (Fandogi and Qazvini), three amounts of foliar application of boron fertilizer (0, 3 and 5 per thousand) and three amounts of foliar application of gibberellic acid hormone (0, 2500 and 5000 mg/l) was carried out in one of the pistachio orchards of Boinzahra city of Qazvin. Foliar application of boron and gibberellic acid in two times (bud swelling and after harvesting) was carried out. The percentage of fruit loss after harvesting was determined.The results showed that foliar application of boron reduced percentage of fruit loss at% 1 level of significance. As well as foliar application of gibberellic acid reduced percentage of fruit loss at% 1 level of significance. The intraction effect of boron and gibberellic acid reduced significantly percentage of fruit loss at% 1 level.

In order to evaluate the effect of plant density (row spacing) and, planting date on two varieties of sun flower (Iro-Flour and Azargol), this experiment was conducted. Split split-plot layout base on randomize complete block design with four replications was used during of 2009 summer at the Agricultural Research Station in Uremia. The analysis of collected data indicated that there were significant differences between planting date for oil and grain yield, 1000 seed weight and number of seeds per head at 1% level. The effect of plant density was significant on all studied characters in this experiment in 1% probably. Significant differences were observed between varieties for grain yield, harvest index and oil content at 1% level. The highest yield (4057 kg/ha) was observed in Iro-Flour variety at 25 cm plant spacing on rows and planting date of 25 June 2009.

This study is carried out to detection and determination of fatty acids and tocopherols of oil caper (Capparis spinosa L.) seeds collected from Qazvin province in 2011. Seed oil was extracted by hexane in a soxhelt apparatus and the fatty acids were analyzed by GC-MS. The result showed the oil content of the seeds was 29.63% on a dry weight. Linoleic acid with 47.6% was the main fatty acid followed by Oleic acid (22.1%), Cis Oleic acid (16.9%) and palmitic acid (7.1%). Also 0.27% of the oil was related to sterols (2630 mg/kg of total extracted lipids) of which sitosterol, with 1633.2 mg/kg, was the most abundant (52.1%). C. spinosa seed oil also contains a high level of tocopherols (ca.4226.8 mg/100 g). G-Tocopherol was the major homologue (ca. 43.65%), followed by γ-tocopherol (ca. 29.9%). The results of this study indicated that caper seed has high oil and is rich in sterol and tocopherol that can be used for pharmaceutical, nutritional and industrial purpose.

This province contain 35494 hectare of under cultivation area of fertile grape and annual grape production of 348000 ton, has allocated the second ranked in country. In this regard, due to the market of raisin & grape product of province , constantly was undergoing of price and income fluctuations and this fact has been concerned to gardeners ,the aim of this study is recognizing effective factors on reducing marketing cost and effective on market margins selecting appropriate path marketing and review of manufacturing problem in raisins & grape product in province and strategies to improved the market mechanism, reduction in income and price risks and express the necessary tools toward to control the risks due to increased supply, price reduction and income reduction of gardener. The research method is measurement and it will be exist in various level of marketing network. The analysis also will be performed by spss software. Results show that farmers have less profit & income of production. Marketing services aren’t optimum. The best marketing chanel is rural cooperative.