مجله علوم پزشکی رازی
سال ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 15، بهار 1378)

In order to evaluate the reliability and validity of Persian version of coop-cnerttne original questionnaire was translated into Persian without modification, and it was administered to 32 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The reproducibility and validity were studied.
We observed satifactory Spearman's correlation coefficients among the instrument's score, a pain score (Visual Analogus Scale) and conventional clinical variables commonly use by rheumatologist: Number of involved joints and American College of Rheumatology Functional class. The test and retest reliability was also established.
In conclusion our results provide evidence of reliability and validity of Persian version of Coop-chart Questionnaire.

45 health personnels who were nasal carriers of staph aureus entered in this trial, seven subjects were omitted for various reesos, remainders randomly divided to 3 groups and were treated orally for 4 days.
- group I with rifampin & cloxacilline
- group 1/ with rifampin & placebo
- group 11/ with cloxacilline & placebo
All subjects were recultured 3 ~eeks after the completion of treatment.
In group I, all 14 subjects were culture negative (100% cure), in group 1/10 out of 14 were culture negative (71% cure) and, in group 11/5 out of 10 (50%), were cultur negative.
K.K statistical analysis method gave a P

The meconium plug syndrom is a benign form of colon obstruction in the neonate caused by a firm white plug of mucus. These babies usually present with abdominal distention. Abdominal X ray film reveals distended loops of bowels. Barium enema shows a long radiolucency within the desending colon. The plug is passed after the barium enema or a saline rectal irrigation.
Although meconium plug syndrom is found in otherwise completely normal infants because it can be difficult to differntiate from hirschprung disease and to rule out cystic fibrosis and hypothyroidism, a rectal biopsy, sweat test and thyroid function tests may be necessary to obtain in infants with meconium plug syndrom. This syndrom is occasionally seen in neonates due to use of magnesium sulfate after treatment for eclampsia.
In this article we are reporting a rare case of meconium plug syndrom due to hypermagnesemia used for treatment of eclampsia.

In this research the effect of endogenous sexual hormones on pain perception during the estrus cycle in famale rats has been evaluated, different stages of estrus cycle has been determined by vaginal smears, and the rate of pain responses and susceptibility tests has been determined with formalin and hot plate tests.
In this regard, the increase and decrease of response to pain is an indication of famale sexual hormones activity. Meantime, with the help of ovariectomy we succeeded to increase the rate of LH notably, and as a result, we could succeed in evaluation of LH effect on pain response too. Our results showed that, in respect to female sexual hormones activity the acute and chronic pain decreased during the metestrus cycle and increased in proestrus stage. (Licking time in formalin test during the stage of estrus were 15.74±O.35 seconds in the first step and 75.32±O.35 seconds in the subsequent step, (PMeanwhile these values were 60.75±O.2 and 45.32±O.35 seconds respectively during the proestrus. We could state that as far as the ovariectomy lasts longer, the responses to pain producing factors intensifies.

Heapatoblastoma is the most common primary malignant liver disease. It occures primarily in children younger than 3 years old. It is very rare in neonatal period.
Most children present with an enlarging, asymptomatic abdominal mass. Serum alpha fetoprotein is elevated in 66 percent of patients, significant thrombocytosis, mild anemia and moderate leukocytosis are also common. Abdominal X-Rays demonstrate hepatic enlargement with intratumor calcification in 30% of the cases. CT scan of abdomen and chest are essential for diagnosis because 10-20% of patients present with pulmonary metastasis. Angiography to delineate blood supply of tumor and MRI to visualize adjucent structures are helpful for surgical excision of tumor.
Excision of primary tumor by surgery and chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for this tumor before and after surgery .. The 3 years survival rate exceed 900A, in patients with completely resected tumors, at diagnosis.
In this article we are reporting a 22 days old neonate with hepatoblastoma.

Marked metabolic derangement have already been documented in normal pregnancy such as decrease of serum glucose and aminoacids, increase free fatty acids, triglyceride, ketons and insulin secretion, however in gestational diabetes the high gluc(Jse which is facilitated by placental transfer may cause hyperinsulinemia in fetus thus rendering them susceptible to macrosomia and subsequent perinatal difficulties.
We prospectively followed 117 patients from first trimester period. These patients randomly divided into two groups: Group one (59 cases) was placed on specific diet and Second group (58 cases) received monitored diet plus insulin.
Then we measured maternal weight gains, neonatal birth weights, meteme! fasting and postprandial blood sugar at specific intervals, Initial first trimester maternal weights, gained weights and birth weights were 67.03±3.60 kg and 15.76±3.58 kg and 4.26±0.29 kg for the first group and 65.82±5.25 and 12.68±4.78kg~nd 3.48±0.78 kg for the second group. In 60 normal pregnants these measurement was 56.79±5.41 kg and 12.43±3.20 kg and 3.35±0.36 kg Cesarean section indicated in 71.18 % and 26.2% and 21.66% in two management and control groups respectively (P

Rehabilitation of the knee plays an important role following reconstruction of the anteruor cruciate ligament.
Accelerated rehabilitation programme has changed the concept of immobilization after operation.
Along with the new techniques of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and with the most rigid graft fixation systems, rehabilitation programmes continue to be modified with less constraints placed on the graft.
In our protocol we advice a four stage programme:Early range of motion, and close kinetic chain exercises seem to be safe in the early stage of rehabilitation with this protocol. In addition proprioceptive training is very important for the protection of the graft.
A decreased of post operative morbidity, early return to athletic & daily activities and maintenance of long term stability. are the benefits of above recommended protocol.

During the past 20 years, poximal femoral osteotomy has been forgotten because most orthopedic surgeon believed that total hip arthroplasty is the only treatment method for hip joint osteoarthritis.
The disadvatages of proximal femoral osteotomy include: Uncertain results, prolonged rehabilitation time after surgery, little improvement in joint ROM and according tosome.euthors difficult subsequent total hip arthropl88ly.
However, longterm complications of total hip arthroplasty with cement in young adults and some senile patients should be taken into proximal femoral osteotomy again, because this procedure reduce pain in both groups of patients.
The application of osteotomy is when the patient is well cooperative and the hip joint has acceptable range of motion.
If under general anesthesia the passive range of motion of hip is less than 15' adduction and 3D-50' flexion, because the risk of joint ankylosis, osteotomy is not indicated. In this situation the total hip arthroplasty is the treatment of choice. Rarly osteotomy increase hip range of motion and thus osteotomy is contraindicated in patients with limited ranye of motion of hip joint.
The main goals of osteotomy include:1- Reduction of pain
2- Reduction of forces of joint
3- Preserve of horizontal weight bearing surface
These goals is achived by a proximal femoral osteotomy, but if weight bearing suttece. takes aposition other than horizontal, another complementary pelvic or acetabular osteotomy is also required.
In severe superolateral acetabular osteoarthritis, a valgus extension osteotomy is required to change the hip mechanics and repair of anterosuperolateral slope.
In medial hip osteoarthritis a valgus osteotomy is indicated when femoral head is still spherical but varus osteotomy is not indicated in medial hip osteoarthritis because increases the horizontal vectors of forces and is ... .

Present experiments was undertaken to study the possibility of vagus nerve function on the control of testosterone secretion.
For this reason the effect of right or left side vagotomy on serum testosterone concentration was studied in rats with two testes in situ and in hemicastrates. 80 male rats with 250 - 270 gr weight allocated to 8 groups. In all groups except sham vagus nerve were cut bellow the diaphragm and castration were done immediately after ·vagotomy. Testosterone concentration decreased significantly in bHateralyvagotomized, rightvagtomized and right vagotomized rats with right testes in situ. Also compensatory testicular hypertrophy was observed in right vagotomized rats and in rats which vagotomy on right was accompanied by right castration. The results of these experiments support the hypothesis that the vagus nerve may playa modulatory role in the control of gonadal function.

The present investigation aimed to study the role of insulin on stress-induced behavioural responses.
Male albino-Weitar rats (200-300 g) were implanted with microdialysis probes in the lateral ventricle under chloral hydrate (500 mg/kg i.p.) anaesthesia. 12 hours after implantation animals were placed in a bowl. The implanted animals were perfused at 2 pi/min with ringer solution. 5 min tail pinch is applied for control group. In the sham group ringer solution were perfused via micro dialysis probes while the tail pinch (5 min) stress is performed. In one experiment, for the test group insulin (5 IV/Kg s.c.) was used, In another set of expenment, for the test group insulin (5 IU/Kg) was added to the ringer solution. The tail pinch induced behavioural responses were observed in all experimental groups. For validation of tail pinch as a stressor blood level of cortisone in control and tail pinch groups were monitored. Tail pinch stress causes a variety of behavioural responses including gnawing, licking and aggression in rats. In the present study duration of these responses were observed at 5 min. Each group was compared with the control animals. Variation calculated in the percentge base. All statistical analysis were carried out using absolute data and either student paired t-test (within same group) or analysis of vei.snce (ANOVA) statistical test (within the differnt groups).
Data from the present study suggest an excitatory role for insulin in those areas of the brain which may playa role in the stress induced behaviours.