فهرست مطالب
Thrita
Volume:5 Issue: 16, Jun 2016
- تاریخ انتشار: 1395/05/27
- تعداد عناوین: 11
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Page 1IntroductionWegeners granulomatosis is a lethal disease with granulomatous inflammation and necrotizing vasculitis..Case PresentationThe case was a 63-year-old female with a history of Wegeners granulomatosis presented with erythema of the arm within which there was a crusted or ulcerated lesion surrounded by small vesicles that was confirmed as herpes simplex infection..ConclusionsCurrent standard of care for treatment of Wegeners regimens are related to opportunistic infections. Wegeners granulomatosis is a vasculitis that the presence of cutaneous presentation of herpes zoster would be explained by the modulation of immunity..Keywords: Wegner Granulomatosis, Vasculitis, Disease
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Page 2BackgroundRecent studies suggest that prolonged and intermittent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (prolonged bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (PO) and intermittent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion, respectively) can lead to reduced ischemia brain injury in ischemic tolerance..ObjectivesIn this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in brain lipidomics following prolonged and intermittent ischemic preconditioning..Materials And MethodsTwo groups underwent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion either intermittently (for 3 continuous periods within a timeframe of 20 minutes, releasing 3 consecutive times, yielding a total of 9 minutes (intermittent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion)) or for 9 minutes continuously (prolonged bilateral common carotid artery occlusion). The third and fourth groups were used as control and sham (without ischemia) groups, respectively. The first three groups were subdivided into middle cerebral artery occlusion-operated (middle cerebral artery occlusion MCAO), for 60 minutes of ischemia) and intact (without any surgery) subgroups. After 1 hour of ischemia and 24 hours of reperfusion, the neurologic deficit score (neurological deficit score (NDS)) and the infarct volume (infarct volume) were assessed in the middle cerebral artery occlusion-operated subgroup. Brain lipidomics were measured in the intact subgroup and the sham group..ResultsPreconditioning with prolonged bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and intermittent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion significantly decreased the neurological deficit scores and infarct volume and increased the levels of phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, cholesterol ester, cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine, and cerebroside in the brain compared with the control and sham groups. Prolonged bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and intermittent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion significantly decreased the brain ceramide and lyso-phosphatidylcholine levels. The triglyceride levels in both groups (intermittent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and prolonged bilateral common carotid artery occlusion) did not change in comparison with the control and sham groups..ConclusionsAlthough it seems that further studies are needed to clarify the real mechanisms of ischemic tolerance, ischemic preconditioning could decrease brain ischemia injury via changes in brain lipidomics..Keywords: Preconditioning, Stroke, Brain Ischemia, Cell Membrane Lipids, Neuroprotective, Common Carotid Artery Occlusion
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Page 3BackgroundPhysical and psychological factors affect one another in patients presenting with non-cardiac chest pain. Studying the psychological components of these patients may improve their treatment process..ObjectivesTo compare depression, anxiety, and stress severity between mild and severe chest pain in patients with non-cardiac chest pain..
Patients andMethodsA cross-sectional design was used. The statistical population comprised patients with non-cardiac chest pain admitted to the Heart Emergency Center in Kermanshah, Iran. Using a matching method, 94 participants with mild and severe non-cardiac chest pain were selected and studied in two groups of 47. The instruments used in this study include the Comorbidity Index, the brief pain index (BPI), and the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS). The multivariate analysis of variance, chi-squared test, and t-test were used for data analysis..ResultsAfter adjusting for the effects of age and comorbid conditions, results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of depression, anxiety, and stress; the severity of these variables was exacerbated in patients with severe chest pain (PConclusionsDepression, anxiety, and stress are common psychological components in patients with non-cardiac chest pain especially those with severe chest pain and it is essential that health professionals pay attention to these factors. Therefore, paying attention to psychological factors could help experts to choose solutions that will decrease pain and side effects of the diseases. It may also facilitate treatment procedures among patients in severe pain. Further investigation to determine the association between these variables and non-cardiac chest pain should be considered..Keywords: Anxiety, Chest Pain, Depression, Psychologic Stress -
Page 4IntroductionVisual illusions and hallucinations may accompany a wide variety of disorders with many various etiologies; therefore, they are nonspecific phenomena. In a partial seizure, a localized hyper synchronous neuronal discharge evolving into a partial seizure affecting a particular cortical region or cerebral subsystem can give rise to psychotic symptoms like visual hallucination. This case study introduces a patient with metamorphopsia, a rare visual illusion, that was treated with lamotrigine..Case PresentationThis case study introduces a 34-year-old man with a history of falling. After a while, his seizures became accompanied with aura and, during the attack, he saw people and objects as bloody. He was asymptomatic between the attacks, with no visceral feeling and with dysphoric mood and borderline IQ. He was resistant to various treatments. After 6 months administration of lamotrigine, he has not had any seizure attacks and the psychotic symptoms have improved..ConclusionsThe psychotic symptoms due to temporal lobe epilepsy can be resolved with lamotrigine administration..Keywords: Lamotrigine, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Optical Illusions
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Page 5BackgroundPlants have been the basis for medical treatments throughout much of human history. Although the active compounds of many herbal drugs are unknown, they have been widely prescribed by traditional medicine practitioners due to their beneficial effects and low cost. Although the primary feature of diabetes is hyperglycemia, diabetic disease can cause damage in several organs, such as the liver, over the long term..ObjectivesThe present study was conducted to determine the hepatoprotective activity of Lavandula officinalis L. ethanolic extract (LOE) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats..Materials And MethodsTwenty-eight male Wistar rats (weight 200 - 250 g) were randomly divided into four groups as follows: the healthy control group (HC) received saline (0.9% intraperitoneally [i.p.]) on all experimental days, the diabetic control group (DC) received a single dose of alloxan (120 mg/kg i.p.), the first treatment group (FT) received a single dose of alloxan and then 100 mg/kg of LOE i.p. for 21 days, and the second treatment group (ST) received a single dose of alloxan and then 200 mg/kg LOE i.p. for 21 days. After completion of the experimental period, liver tissue was dissected to measure the activity of certain antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) by spectrophotometry. Blood samples were collected to measure aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in the serum, using commercially available diagnostic kits..ResultsThis study revealed that intraperitoneal administration of LOE for 21 days provided significant hepatoprotection against alloxan-induced elevation in the serum marker enzymes AST (38%) and ALT (38.65%, PConclusionsThe present study indicated a hepatoprotective effect of LOE in diabetic rats..Keywords: Alloxan, Diabetes, Hepatoprotective, Lavandula Officinalis, Oxidative Stress
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Page 6BackgroundFebrile seizures are common during childhood and have a good prognosis, although they cause fear and anxiety in parents. Parent education is an important intervention in febrile seizures..ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the effects of two educational strategies, written information vs. written information plus verbal instruction on knowledge, attitudes, concerns, and practices of mothers with febrile convulsive children..
Patients andMethodsThe study adopts a quasi-experimental research design. A total of 102 mothers of children presenting with febrile seizure and admitted to a teaching hospital in Iran were equally assigned to three groups: Group I received no intervention (control group), Group II received a febrile seizure information pamphlet, and Group III received the febrile seizure information pamphlet plus verbal instruction. Knowledge, attitudes, concerns, and practices of participants regarding febrile seizure were measured as primary outcomes in the pre- and post- intervention stages..ResultsThe results showed that although only a slight change in attitudes toward febrile seizures was found, both the febrile seizure information pamphlet alone and the febrile seizure information pamphlet plus verbal instruction were significantly effective in improving the knowledge, attitudes, concerns, and practices of mothers with febrile convulsive children toward febrile seizures..ConclusionsThis study suggests that written materials in the form of a pamphlet can be an effective teaching strategy for educating parents on febrile seizures. However, written and verbal information should be given together where possible..Keywords: Febrile Seizures, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Parent Education, Fever -
Page 7BackgroundMultiple drug resistance in breast cancer patients is one of the most important problems when it comes to the treatment of this disease. In this regard, polymorphisms in DNA sequences play a key role in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. ABCC1 gene encodes the Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 1 (MRP1) protein, which transports many chemotherapy drugs or cellular physiological substances through the cell membrane. As a result, suppression, genetic variations and changes in the expression of this gene may change the drugs distribution, cytotoxicity and clinical outcomes..ObjectivesWe performed this study to determine the prevalence of different variants of ABCC1 3 untranslated region (UTR) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs3743527 and rs129081) in breast cancer patients and healthy controls..Materials And MethodsWe analyzed the prevalence of different alleles of these polymorphisms on DNA extracted from whole blood of 44 patients with breast cancer and 25 healthy controls. We checked C/G variants of rs129081 by performing nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and allele specific-polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR). Analysis of C/T alleles in rs3743527 was done using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The results were then confirmed by sequencing..ResultsNo significant correlation was seen in rs3743527 and rs129081 polymorphisms allelic and genotypic frequencies between the patient group and control individuals (P value > 0.05). The average frequencies of rs129081 G and C alleles was 40 (58%) and 29 (42%), respectively. In our sample the average frequencies of rs3743527 C and T alleles, were 41 (61%) and 28 (39%), respectively. The results of chi-square test showed strong correlations between the incidences of various genotypes in both groups (P value = 0). On average, 27%, 26% and 16% of participants had genotype CC/GG, CT/CG and TT/CC, respectively..ConclusionsTaken together, distribution and frequencies of rs129081 and rs3743527 variants in the patient group and control individuals may not correlate with susceptibility to breast cancer; however, more detailed studies are needed to confirm these results..Keywords: ABCC1, Breast Neoplasms, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, Drug Resistance, Disease Susceptibility
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Page 8BackgroundThe use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has increased in recent years, particularly in the treatment of chronic rheumatologic diseases. This increase might be largely due to the psychosomatic problems associated with the diseases, as well as the undesirable efficacy of conventional treatments. Increasing physicians knowledge about CAM, its popularity, the reasons patients turn to CAM and its beneficial effects may improve disease management plans..ObjectivesThis study evaluated CAMs popularity and the reasons patients turn to CAM as an alternative, or even the primary, treatment for their diseases among patients referring to rheumatology centers of Shiraz Hafez hospital, between March 2013 and February 2014..
Patients andMethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 100 randomly selected patients, with different diseases, were questioned about demographic data, disease duration, the type of CAM used, reasons, visit intervals, and the person who was advising them in the use of CAM..ResultsAmong the patients, 87% had used at least one form of CAM. Dietary supplements were the most frequently mentioned category (40%). The most frequent reason for turning to CAM was inadequate response (63%) of conventional therapy. CAM was mostly introduced to the patients in the study group by non-experts (58%)..ConclusionsThis study revealed the noticeable popularity of CAM in patients suffering from chronic rheumatologic diseases, mostly due to their dissatisfaction with conventional treatments..Keywords: Rheumatology, Complementary Medicine, Alternative Medicine -
Page 10IntroductionFrotteuristic sexual interest is a rare psychiatric disorder characterized by at least six months of recurrent and intense sexual arousal from touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person, usually in a crowd..Case PresentationA six-year-old boy was referred to the psychiatrist while accompanied by his mother and grandmother with the complaint of excessively rubbing his genitalia many times a day against his female family members bodies, primarily their buttocks..ConclusionsExperts are advised to focus on diverse sexual history dimensions, especially uncontrollable masturbation behaviors, that can predict sexual interests. Although frotteurism is a rare psychiatric disorder, and although this case is atypical given the early childhood presentation of abnormal sexual behavior carried out secretly and not in a crowd, it is clear that frotteurism is the appropriate diagnosis after ruling out other more common disorders..Keywords: Paraphilia, Voyeurism, Obsessive Behavior
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Page 11IntroductionThe choice of anesthetic technique in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) can be a challenge for anesthesiologists and must be adjusted based on specific circumstances and abnormalities. We report our anesthetic technique in an OI patient to emphasize this point, and to frame a discussion of this subject. According to the accessible data, we report one of the rare OI patients who have undergone spinal anesthesia for emergency surgery..Case PresentationThe patient was a 21-year-old female with OI type IV, who was admitted due to severe anal pain. The surgeon decided to perform an emergency reduction of a prolapsed rectum, with late permanent fixation. Considering the circumstances, we decided to perform spinal anesthesia for the operation, which lasted for 30 minutes. The patient underwent rectal prolapse reduction via rectosigmoidoscopy, of up to 25 cm of rectum. She was transferred to the post-anesthesia care unit after her vital signs were stabilized. After gaining lower extremity strength, she was transferred to the surgery ward. The next day, she was discharged from the hospital..ConclusionsAlthough most authors believe that general anesthesia following fiberoptic intubation is the preferred method for OI patients, it is likely that spinal anesthesia is acceptable in such patients. Although it is technically difficult, the procedure can be performed by expert anesthesiologists..Keywords: Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Anesthesiology, Spinal Anesthesia