نشریه پرستاری و مامایی ارومیه
سال چهاردهم شماره 5 (پیاپی 82، امرداد 1395)

Diabetes as one of the most common chronic diseases with serious complications can affect the quality of life. Patient education is one of the oldest and best ways to control these complications. Traditional and modern teaching methods have shown different results on the quality of life of these patients. This study aimed to compare the effect of self-empowerment through training package and workshop programs on the quality of life of diabetic patients referring to diabetes clinics, Urmia University of Medical Sciences in 2013
This study is an experimental study with pretest - posttest design that has been carried out on 40 diabetic patients referred to diabetes clinic of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. The samples were randomly divided into two groups of workshop and training. In order to collect data a questionnaire with two parts of demographic and quality of life of diabetic patients were used. After collecting the data, they were coded and analyzed with statistical software SPSS (ver16) using chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests.
Quality of life score were 40.25±7.69, 46.00±7, and 39.9±9.00, 48.5±5.56 in the intervention group with training workshop, and in the intervention group with educational package, respectively. The findings didn’t show statistically significant differences in quality of life scores between the two groups before and after intervention (P =0.057). But a significant difference was found in any of the groups in quality of life scores (P The study showed that indirect education methods like the use of educational training packages as well as the direct method such as training workshops can increase and improve the quality of life in patients, and it can be used in cases where there is no possibility of holding workshops for patients with diabetes as an effective educational method to improve the quality of life of diabetic patients.

Nurse prescribing is one of the important issues which has been paid attention recently. For correct implementation in Iran, we must first assess the benefits of that in developed countries. The aim of this study was to explore the benefits of nurses prescribing worldwide which has been recorded in different countries.
This study is an integrated review. Elsevier, PubMed and Google Scholar Databases were searched by keyword of nurse prescribing. Of the 125 824 eligible articles, 28 articles were selected. Finally, the data were classified, summarized and, analyzed.
Selected articles were established in 4 host countries. Nurse prescribing benefits in three areas of benefit to the patient, to the nurse, and to the organization were classified.
Nurses prescribing is acceptable, and it requires some conditions, In case of satisfying these conditions, it can be associated with the valuable benefits.

Indicators are information that can be widely used for decision making in management. There are different indicators that can measure the performance of health institutions. These indicators can be used as an accurate strategy to remove obstacles of the development of medical services. This study aimed to evaluate the performances indicators of obstetrics and gynecology department of Motahari Hospital in 2013.
This study is a cross-sectional research that has been done in the obstetrics and gynecology wards. Tools for data collection were surveys and statistical forms, and the method of data collection was using questionnaires, sample forms, direct observation and interviews.
The following results were obtained: inpatient bed occupied rate (81.8%),bed turnover interval( 0.4) & mean length of stay( 1.6), patient per nurse in month (32 ), meanwhile service education ( 15), staff per active bed (1 for 9 ) , midwife for obstetric ( 52) , staff ( 55%) and patient satisfaction ( 60%), rooming in technique (100% ), breast feeding (100% ), patient information access from HIS system (100% ), emergency and hostelling medicine access ( 100%), round and morning reports (100% ) , the mean admitted time in the ward ( 40 minute), infant and maternal mortality rate per total deliveries are(3.09% ) and (0%) , and the percentage of trained patient ( 100%), expert physician per active bed (1 for 9 ) and C/S per total delivery ratio is ( 50.91%).
Indicators show hospital performance in various fields .Therefore, it is necessary to consider all aspects of the markers which should be evaluated at regular periods.
These findings indicate that a number of performance indicators are not in good condition, and they should be evaluated and corrected to improve the status of these indicators and the performance of the sector.

Depression is a common disorder with symptoms like reduced energy and interest, feelings of guilt, difficulty in concentrating, loss of appetite, and thoughts of death and suicide. A problem in the treatment of depressed patients is re-admission. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of "adaptive sustainability" as a caring model on the readmission of depressed patients referred to Razi Academic Hospital in Urmia 2015.
This experimental study, after the intervention, was conducted on 100 of the depressed patients whom were randomly divided into two groups: control (n = 50) and intervention (n=50). For the intervention group, 4 staged adaptive model of sustainability-demographic status of the family, desensitization, collaboration and continuous monitoring- was conducted during 6 months while standard care was carried out for the control group. The two groups were compared based on readmissions within 6 months. To analyze the data, independent t test and chi-square tests were used.
The results showed that during the 6 months implementation of sustainability model, 5 out of 47 patients in the intervention group readmitted while 13 out of 47 patients readmitted in the control group (p˂0/05).
Implementation of adaptive sustainability model of care of depressed patients had a positive impact on reducing readmissions. Therefore, we recommend that this model should be implemented by health care providers to reduce readmissions of depressed patients.

Shift-to-Shift Handoff is a strong tool for transferring information about patients’ status and their caring plans. Any disruption of this process can be a precursor to serious error, poor communication in work environment. Bedside shift-to-shift hand off with patient’s cooperation allows the nurses to see and patient, ask questions of the patient and previous nurse and receive instant feedback on questions. This study aimed to determine the impact of bedside nurse-to nurse hand off with patients’ cooperation on patients and nurses’ satisfaction.
In this clinical trial, quasi-experimental study in 2015, 90 patients and 12 nurses of Intensive Care Unit of Amir-al-Momenin Hospital affiliated to Golestan University of Medical Sciences were participated. The sampling methods for patients and nurses were census respectively. Patients and nurses’ satisfaction before and after the intervention (shift-to-shift hand off with patients partnership), were evaluated by valid and reliable self-designed patients and nurses’ satisfaction’s questionnaires.
The mean and standard deviation of total score of patients’ satisfaction before and after the intervention were 59.66±5.64 and 67.06 ± 5.06 respectively (P Shift-to-shift hand off with patients’ participation increased the patients and nurses’ satisfaction.

Nurse's health especially mental health of the nurses as providers of care for patients is effective on their care service. This study aimed to determine the effect of neuro-linguistic programming on mental health of nurses.
This study is a quasi-experimental (pre-test and post-test) with the control group. Sample size of the study consists of 60 nurses of special sectors who were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups of intervention and control. Goldberg's General Health 28-question questionnaire was used to assess their mental health. Intervention group was held in 8 three-hour sessions trained by Neuro-linguistic programming. T-test was used to analyze the results of independent groups.
The results showed that there was not statistically significant difference between mental health of the nurses and their domains in pre-intervention scores. the mean scores of mental health, somatization symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction and severe depression in nursing among intervention group improved significantly compared to the control group after training neuro-linguistic programming, (P Neuro-linguistic programming education has a positive effect on mental health of nurses and all of its components. It is recommended to implement NLP training courses to improve the mental health of nurses.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between healths behaviors with perceived health status among pregnant women referred to health centers of Urmia.
This research is a descriptive study was done in 2015. The research included 411 pregnant women. In each of health center, participants were studied according to some criteria. Data were collected using a questionnaire developed by the researchers in this study consisted of three parts: 1) socio-demographic characteristics, 2) perceived health status 3) health behaviors status.
Participants age group were 15-45 years. The mean gestational age was 22.64 ± 9.52 weeks. 47% of women were in the second trimester of pregnancy. Between perceived health status and health behaviors (sleep habits), there was a statistically significant relationship. Generally, in relation to health behaviors, 26.8% and 38.4% of pregnant women reported increased their sleep duration and appetite during pregnancy (respectively). In relation to the health status 24.8% of pregnant women reported very good health status. 11.4% of pregnant women discomfort more than other pregnant women.
Results of this study indicate low levels of perceived health status and health behaviors among pregnant women in urban and rural areas. To improve the health of women during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes, education normal health behaviors and proper care, by healthcare providers, is recommended at this time.

The gap between theoretical knowledge and practice provided challenges in a critical way in clinical services. Therefore, current study aimed to determine the factors affecting the gap between knowledge and practice in 2015.
This descriptive study was conducted on 375 people (217 nurses from Imam Reza hospital, and 158 nursing students from Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences) in 2015. The data collection tool was a researcher made questionnaire consisted of 23 questions about the factors affecting the gap between knowledge and practice. Pearson correlation and t-test were employed to analyze the collected data using SPSS 16 software.
Total average of the gap between theoretical knowledge and clinical nursing services was reported 51.67±11.22 (based on 100 points) that was in the range of high. Shortage of nurses (84.28), support from head nurse (77.62) and lack of adequate facilities (73.67) from the perspective of nurses, and clinical instructors teaching style (88.25±17.09), shortage of nurses (79.18) and lack of updated knowledge of nursing (31.73) from the perspective of nursing students was reported to be as the most important factors influencing the gap between theoretical learning and clinical nursing services.
There is a high gap between theoretical learning and clinical nursing services, therefore in order to fill this gap; it is recommended to amend both educational and clinical aspects. In educational aspect, clinical education style should be reformed and also experienced coaches should be used. In clinical aspect, it is necessary to employ more nurses and to support nursing managers and head nurses.

Considering the importance of the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome and its effects on maternal and neonatal outcomes, this study was performed to determine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components in mid-pregnancy.
A descriptive study was performed on 241 pregnant women at 24-28 weeks of gestation, undergoing 50 gr glucose challenge test (GCT), in Tehran, 2013-14. Before admission, complete information about the study was provided for all participants, and a written consent was obtained. Metabolic Syndrome was diagnosed with 3 or more of the following criteria: triglyceride ≥150 mg/dl; HDL-cholesterol The most prevalent component of the metabolic syndrome was hypertriglyceridemia (82.6%) and impaired GCT (40.2%).
The overall frequency of metabolic syndrome among pregnant women 18-40 years old was 6.2% by modified ATPIII definition. Women with metabolic syndrome had significantly higher body mass indexes (P=˂.001), blood pressures (P=˂.001). These women also had significantly lower HDL-cholesterol levels (p=.03), higher glucose challenge test (P=˂.001). There was no statistically significant difference in mean triglyceride levels between women with and without metabolic syndrome in pregnancy.
The findings of our study showed a high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in mid-pregnancy, more studies are needed to establish a relationship.

Premenstrual syndrome can cause problems for the individual patients in family and community like reduction in the level of performance at home and job, educational failure, family problems and conflicts, conflicts with their spouse, violence against children, absenteeism in the workplace, and in some severe cases, committing a crime and even suicide.
A qualitative design of interpretative phenomenological analysis with qualitative content analysis approach by deep, semi structured interviews were carried out on 21 married Iranian nurses with PMS working in different wards of hospitals in Urmia, Iran. The participants were selected purposefully. Interviews were conducted by tape recording with the permission of the interviewee. The transcribed data were subjected to qualitative analysis during the research process, the study applied purposive sampling, and the data were analyzed by the methods developed by Colaizzi method. The criteria of acceptability, verifiability, trustworthiness and transmissibility were used to evaluate the accuracy, validity and reliability of the data. The participants’ experiences were categorized into four themes.
The main themes were “disturbance in marriage process, perceived threats caused by problems at work and life, seeking for spiritual and humanitarian support and getting strategies to deal with problems'.
The participants’ experiences were categorized into four themes and 14 subthemes. The main themes were: “Disruption of family life, the perceived threat posed by problems at work and life, seeking for spiritual and humanitarian support, and strategies to deal with problems caused by premenstrual syndrome.
Premenstrual syndrome requires women health organizations’ and reproduction hygiene specialists’ adequate attention. It seems necessary to work on cultural points, and planning in families, among couples in counseling centers, in order to reach a better understanding of symptoms of premenstrual.