مجله جامعه شناسی نهادهای اجتماعی
پیاپی 2 (بهار 1393)

Many individuals or social factors may affect a citizen’s participation, some of which are the aims of this article to investigate. The method used was survey and the population included all the heads of households in Mashhad. Samples of 182 respondents were selected by using multi stage, cluster sampling strategy. Results showed that the mean of citizen participation index was under the average. Citizen participation was directly correlated to the benefits of participation, socialization of citizen participation, social trust, sense of belonging to the city, and socio-economic status. Regression models as well as path analysis showed that the benefits of participation, socialization of citizen participation, and social trust were the most direct determinant factors, while the sense of belonging to the city and socio-economic status were the most indirect determinant factors in citizen participation. The authors concluded that citizen participation may be increased by enhancing benefits of participation, socialization of citizens into participation, and social trust. On the other hand, priority should be given to people in lower socio-economic status regions in citizen participation programs. It was also concluded that the sense of belonging should not be emphasized in the programs.

This article studies the problem of social and psychological security of neighborhood, emphasizing its prestige level. According to the exploratory model, the prestige level of neighborhoods in its objective and subjective dimensions (sides) influences the feeling of security through the homogeneity and the feeling of belonging and the stability of inhabitants and their particular life style. In order to study this model experimentally, we gathered a sample of 270 householders in different parts of Tehran through systematic sampling and examined the analytic model using quantitative approach and survey methods. The results showed that a neighborhoodcan provide the feeling of security for the inhabitants in a considerable measure, either in direct mode or through subjective and objective homogeneity, the feeling of belonging and stability and different life styles of its inhabitants.

"Lifestyle" has attracted political observers and analysts of social sciences since the 1970s; it is implied on the common models of consumption and utilization of all types of materials and symbolic goods among different social groups and classes. It seems to have occurred in the past two decades of developments in the field of economic and cultural globalization. It has also intensified the discourse of the Islamic revolution of Iran which has challenged other discourses. It has drawn the attention of observers and politicians especially in the context of culture and lifestyle. So, in this article, the authors want to focus on the fundamental assumptions that in the frame of Iranian"life-world" which is in debate to a large extent after theIslamic Revolution. In answering this question, the authors will attempt to conduct an analytical study of the three aspects of Iranian life-worlds. According to the Iranian life-world, in conjunction with the importance of being institutionalized lifestyle has three fundamental characteristics: 1) Iranian traditionalism 2) Islamic traditionalism 3) the dynamics of modernization due to a connection to the external environment. The authors, by using of Structuration Theory of Anthony Giddens, try to explain the relationship between the life-world and the lifestyle, and in the next section, they will examine the results in institutionalized lifestyle in the Iranian life-world.

The main issue of this article is studying the relationship between religious science and current social sciences and providing an explanation on religious science's contributions insolving some social science's issues. After reviewing the current approaches and dialogues about the relationship between science and religion, the author came to the conclusion that there is a relationshipbetween religious sciences and social sciences. The author also came to this reality that in spite of serious differences in realm and method of science and religion, the current principles and approaches in religious thought can help solve the issues of social sciences. The main emphasis is that knowing about realities is important in the area of science so this knowledge could be from any source. The author believes that religion plays an important role and as a source can help to solve the issuesof social sciences. This depends on the recognition of the current theories and methods in social sciences and analyzing them through religious concepts. Religious science proposes new methods and concepts by looking at the reality of social sciences and its achievements.This in turn depends ondelivering social sciences to the able hands of academics and seminary institutes.

Marginal settlement is the results of misshaped development and unstructured urbanization. The urban areas have a wide range of macro-micro communicational systems, social conflicts, and organized delinquencies. The province of Ilāmis also encounteringthe issues of marginal regions. This study evaluated the human development indexes (HDI) of rural-urban areas in three marginal regions of Ilām (Bānbōr, Bāncharmag&Kamarbandi). All the main data were collected from national census on 2012 and provincial report of 2013. An inventory was constructed and examined within 174 sampled households with the validity of α=.62 fromCronbach’s alpha. The results were stated undeveloped and unequal distribution of expense-income and indexes regarding HDI especially in rural settlements. These results were accompanied by theoretical frame (Giddens, Simmel& Merton) of the study. Migration in these regions was from cultural-social repulsion of rural regions and wasnt economical repellents of it and nor economical attraction of urban. Additionally, it was structured in kinship. The literacy of parents was positive and main affect especially on female literacy. The study indicated a comprehensive link between important institute of culture and the two concepts of development and marginalization, additionally the effectiveness of the economic institute has been challenged.

Community Capacity Building (CCB) is a systematic approach in the base of scheduling scale which contains leadership, social domain, personal activities, organizational and institutional changes until the welfare of people, organization and communities is founded. Each process from CCB should recognize the values and the base of current skills, knowledge and people’s intelligent. Some researchers believe that capacity of communities can be a tool to support human, society structures and planning society tools. Therefore it also can be used as tools for producing capabilities. Some of them are clearly considered the processes of CCB in broad systematic changes; others believe that this concept and changes can be performed only in the level of community. In this paper, we attempt to focus on an explanation and analytical-description method to review the literature and roots of its theory in order to make the concept of CCB and its qualities evaluation, huge experience in the models and strategies to perform them.Finally we tried to assess the territories of capacities and categorize them in certain areas.Using this information we could make a level that was related to the analytical level of local community. The results of the research showedthat using this method had significant effects on people’s enabling and groups with participation and involving stakeholders by accepting clear plans in community, upgrading skills and knowledge, increasing social ties and communication using dialogues among different groups in communities and mobilizing the resources for the needs of community.