فصلنامه توسعه اجتماعی
سال دهم شماره 3 (بهار 1395)

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of forms of capital (cultural capital, social capital, economic capital) and lifestyle on reading in Ahwaz city. The population of this research is all resident of Ahwaz city aged above 15 years that among them 400 people selected randomly. The method of this research is survey and data were collected questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. For test of hypothesies regression and Pearson correlation is applied. Findings indicate that level of reading is low among respondants and 40 percent have no reading or lower than 1 hour in week and lower than 10 percent have above 10 hour reading in week. Results of regression analysis showed a significant positive effect of cultural capital, social capital and economic capital on reading. In other words, increase in individual’s level of capitals (in its three dimensions). Modern Lifestyle has significant positive effect on reading. 42/7 percent of reading variance explained by independent variables. Today, cultural product consumption particularly books is an index indicating the level of cultural development in different countries. Hence, investigation of factors that affect this phenomenon is of importance.

Although it passes more than one hundred year of new urban management, most changes are seen in structural facilities like constructing highways, buildings …, there is less distinguished planning for citizen’s awareness. Structural analysis of urban management makes it erode hard. Its better involved people and performers find some solution for omitting these kinds of problems in urban development and management. It seems the most effective way is awareness and promotions of citizens about urban affairs. As, it help manager in sighting planning and correct operation for achieving a stable city. So this study analyzes citizens awareness a bout urban affairs and social factors affecting it using citizenship theories of (Habermas, Turner). The research method using this study is survey. Sari is divided to three area using stratified sampling and random sampling 437 people chosen as sample size. The age of sample are 18 and above 18. Result of dependent variable show citizen's citizenship awareness is an average, that men are more awareness of woman. So, Results show, the variable using mass media and participation in civic institutions is significantly related to citizenship awareness towards urban affairs and mass media have been strongly effect for citizenship awareness towards urban affairs. Among Background Variables, the variable: age, Position in Family, Marital, Activity Status are significantly related to citizenship awareness. Comparative variables indicate weakness of awareness among youth.

Social capital with emphasis on trust and social networks is one of the important prerequisites for social integration and democracy. The purpose of this study is investigating the relationship between social capital and political tolerance. In this study, theory of social capital from Putnam was used for variable of social capital and King’s theory for political tolerance as a theoretical framework. In this research, survey method was used. This study has been done upon 390 of college students. The results show 19.2 percent of students with low level of political tolerance, 61.3 percent with average political tolerance and 19.5 percent with high level of political tolerance. Variables such as social participation, social interaction, social commitment, social awareness, social trust, media consumption, religious practice, age and level of education had significant relationship with political tolerance. However, marital status, educating university, ethnicity, residence, place of birth, parent's education, gender and employment status had no significant relationship with political tolerance. The results of stepwise regression in the multivariate regression showed the variables such as community involvement, social awareness, social interaction, place of birth, social trust, place of residence, gender and media consumption explained 24 percent of the variance in the dependent variable.

The subject of the research is to understand and study the social and cotextual backgrounds of participation in a developmental experience, that is, the process of supplying pipedwater from 6 klms away to Zilan Village in Javanrood Township. This study is run using qualitative methods, deep interview teqniques and observations and it is analyzed through ground theory. If a plannable action and the one influenced by specific factors such as education level, urbanization degree and mass media (Learner and Rodgers) is considered in a innovative interpretation of participation which facilitates developmental measures and if it is rejected and criticized in a post-developmental account, why the actors are viewed as passive subjects of development discourse. The findings of this research show that the essential concept of participation, its form and extent, and the results taken from it are the function of social acts and mutual interactions among the variables related to participation. Depending on needs, benefits, the social and official status, ethical and religion beliefs, different individuals have been able to influence the aspects of this phenomenon. The collective participation of the population under study was done to survive their life and identity. Furthermore, it was an attempt to keep face against the surrounding villages in the one hand and a sort of protest against the lack of an instant and timely measure by government officials on the other.

This quantitative study, has investigated relationship between national and religious identities (as independent variables) and global identity (as dependent variable). Statistical population of this study consists students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. Sample size estimated 380 students which were selected via stratified random sampling based on the stratified identity of the statistical population. Data were collected by questionnaire. Reliability and validity achieved by Alpha Cronbach method. Also Amoss software was used to validation of the research model. Data analysis indicated that religious identity, in faithfulness aspect, and national identity, in behavior aspect, have significant positive relationship with the global identity. On the other hand, religious identity in ceremonial aspect has negative significant relationship with global identity. Other variables such as cultural consumption and using satellite TV have significant positive relationship with global identity. By and large it can be concluded that nature of the relationship between local identities (national and religious) and global one is that of convergence in some aspects and divergence in others. In other words we are considering a type of particularism and universality which are the two sides of the globalization coin.

The assumption of the present paper is that loyalty to the religious beliefs, intimate relationships with family members and friendship groups can be influential on behavioral abnormalities among the teenagers. To study that assumption, the required data was gathered through the survey and using questionnaires and choosing a sample of 385 girls from among the high school students; the sampling method was the multistage random. The findings show that the increase of religious commitments and intimate relationships with family members would reduce the behavioral abnormalities of students; it also affirms the high rate of behavioral abnormalities in students who have more relationships with people who break the norms; the regression results suggest that the religious commitments and relationships with friendship groups would enter the equation in order of their importance in determining the dependent variable and they can describe about 49 percent of the variance of the dependent variable (R2 = 49%).

In order to establish optimal management of urban, neighborhood-oriented plan aimed at decentralization, increase productivity, respecting people and the citizen's satisfaction, increase services as well as the development of citizen participation since the beginning of 2008 has begun. This study aims to determine the impact of neighborhood management in the social capital of Tehran citizens (area 4) is done. Study a survey was conducted by questionnaire. The population of citizens over 15 years old and living in neighborhoods (20 districts) Region 4 in Tehran (2013), an important loss which in total amounted to (1057000) persons using a sample of 384 is calculated. Sampling was random LISREL software for data analysis are also used the results show that the variable component of neighborhood management and social capital (social trust, participation, solidarity, social cohesion, informal, social belonging) there was a significant relationship. Social trust has the highest regard, and social belonging variable has the lowest variable relationship with the central neighborhood (local administration).

This paper aims to study social issues in Mashhad and trend of changes that help us to have proper and reality-based recognition, as, these issues ignored the negative effects and consequences may lead to social problems and deviations. Six issues of poverty, inequality, unemployment, divorce, addiction and crime in khorasan Razavi province were selected according to their priorities and effectiveness and the trend studied and assessed during 2004-2013. This research is based on longitudinal approach using secondary data and performed during 2004-2013. In this study, in first step the secondary analysis used to collect and review existing data and then using meta-analysis method to analyze the index to be discussed. The findings of research show that Mashhad as a religious and immigration city is confronted with the increasing trend of social issues.