نشریه پژوهش در ورزش تربیتی
پیاپی 3 (تابستان 1392)

Leisure is Collection of Fanctions in That people followe with satisfaction, for rest, recreation, developing of information or non-benefit learning and vullentary social participation after action official job and family or social works.Assessing of limiters and facilators in developing sport and regulare physical activity In leisure time of Shahid Rajaee Tteacher Training University of Tehran.In this research to supportingMorgan's table 400 students assessed with descriptive measurement method. Data was collected with researcher builded questionnaire that containing validity and apparent validity was emphasis by experts.alpha,s kronbakh consent 0/92 and structural validity with factorial analyze was calculated 0/91. U Man -Vitny for compare two group subjectswas used. data analyze with spss 16 software.the results of research showed that is relation signified in P

The aim of present study was to design of sport commitment model based on their motivation and satisfaction. Hence, in total of 5179 athletes in 11th Olympiad of university sports, participated about 365 athletes (141 girls in Birjand and 224 boys in Oroumieh) in this research by method of Stratified Random Sampling. To gathering the data have been used three questionnaires of commitment (14 items), athlete satisfaction (56 items), and motivation (28 items). After that conducted exploratory factor analysis and validity of constructs, results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that there are four factors for sport commitment, and seven dimensions for each motivation and satisfaction constructs (Goodness Indexes ≥ .90, RMSEA≤ .09, χ2 / df ≤ 3). The path analysis has been demonstrated that verified adequately sport commitment by motivation and satisfaction (RMSEA= .06, χ2/df= 2.53, GFI= .94, CFI= .93, NFI, .94), and thereby one of the most common was motivation for predicting sport commitment (R2= .74). However, the students’ motivation led to their sport commitment through their satisfaction. These findings illustrated that have to attention to students’ motivation and their antecedents and explore executive suggestions in this field for creating the sport commitment in student athletes, and improving qualitative and quantity level of university sport major events.

The aim of this research is determining the relationship empowerment and readiness for Change in staff of physical education faculties of Tehran. Method of the research is descriptive and correlation kind. The statistical population was all staff of physical education faculties of Tehran Universities (N=81). For sample making the total number of sampling were used and totally 80 questionnaires were gathered. Empowerment questionnaire of Spreitzer (1995) and readiness for Change questionnaire of Elving (2009) for collecting data were used. Ten sports management professors were confirm validity of questionnaires and reliability of questionnaires also was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (Empowerment: 0.83, readiness for Change: 0.85). The analysis of data was assessed in two distinct levels: descriptive and inference (Kolmogorov smirnov Test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression). Results showed that the relationship between empowerment and readiness for Change (r=0.73, P= 0.001) in staff of physical education faculties of Tehran is significant. Also the result of stepwise regression coefficients showed among domains of empowerment: competence (β=0.45), trust (β=0.28) and meaningful (β=0.18) were significant predicators of readiness
for Change.

In team sports, group cohesion is an important factor in the effectiveness of the team. The purpose of this study is examining the group cohesion relationship and team goals to be effective in helping a person. The population of the research was students participating in the field team includes 1,952 people has formed a Eleventh sport Olympiad Students. According to Krejcie & Morgan chart 322 athletes from 24 sports teams of boys and girls were selected as cluster.the Measuring Tools included a Group Environment questionnaire of 18 questions Carron, Vidmeyer and Brawely (1985) (GCS) and Questionnaire on effectiveness of research teams from Batman Billy and Colin Wilson (2002). For data analysis, use from descriptive statistics, including Mean, standard deviation and Inferential statistics including independent t-test and Pearson correlation in SPSS. Significance level is of p>0.05. The results show a direct significant relationship between group cohesion and effectiveness of participation in teams sport. (p = 0.001, r =0.731). Independent t-test results indicated that are not significant differences between group cohesion and effectiveness in the two groups of boys and girls. Attractive group of individuals – social component of team cohesion is the most communication with effectiveness.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sport and cultural identity among student athletes participating in sports events held in the Iranian West Universities. The society of population consisted of 1100 persons (40% female and 60% male). The research sample was based on Krejcie and Morgan Table. The stratified random sampling has been used to select the relative gender. The sample included 294 male and female athletic teams participating at the Olympiad qualifier matches in the West Region during the academic year 90-91. This study is descriptive- co relational and a researcher-made questionnaire has been used in order to collect the data. The standardized questionnaire included 24 questions consisting of cultural identity. The questionnaire reliability was 0.86. In addition to descriptive statistics, inferential statistical tests such as analysis of variance, one-way and two-sample t-test has been used for analyzing the data. The results of this study showed that there were significant differences with respect to the components of cultural identity among athletes (p

Grounded in the self-determination theory (Deci& Ryan, 1985, 2000), this research examined the effects of perceptions of the parent autonomy-supportive in basic need satisfaction and indices of well-being in athlete male students. The hypothesized mediating role of basic needs was also tested. 440 athlete students in the Eleventh Students Sport Olympiad randomly selected. Perception of parent autonomy-supportive (Grolnick, Deci& Ryan, 1997), Basic Needs Satisfaction in Sport (Johan, Lonsdale & Hodge, 2010), subjective vitality (Ryan & Fredrick, 1997) and positive and negative affect (Watson et al. 1988) scales were used. The results of Pearson correlation show that there are significant relationships between parent autonomy-supportive and indices of well-being. The results of regression, based on multiple mediation models, shows that needs for autonomy and competence were positive mediates and need for relatedness was negative mediate in relationship between parent autonomy-supportive and indices of eudaimonic and hedonic well-being. Results highlight the relevance of parent autonomy-supportive for needs satisfaction and well-being in male students.

The purpose of present research was to investigate Barriers to sport for all promotion inthe Iranian universities. This field research was Descriptive–analytical and its statistical population was all of Iranian national universities’ faculties, staff and students. Finally, 779 people (233 faculties, 224 staff and 322 students) participated in the research and completed physical activity barriers’ questionnaire. The questionnaire was five-point likert type scale that its face and content validity verified by the experts and its reliability was calculated in a pilot study using Cronbach's alpha (α=0.956). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with a Varimax rotation was used to identify factors. In EFA, of the 66 barriers, 58 items having appropriate factor loading were stand in six factors namely organizational and managerial, environmental, psychological, interpersonal, Lack of social support and time limitations. The results show that the most important factor is “organizational and managerial (3.22±0.85)” and the least important factor is “psychological (2.50±0.95)”. The research factors to be identified were determined by a combination of the following criteria: a) a pre-specification of the number of factors based on the literature review; b) factors selection based on eigenvalues greater than 1.0 (Kaiser criterion); c) visual inspectionon the basis of the scree-plot; d) variance description criterion; and e) comprehensibility of the extracted factors. Paying attention to barriers identified in the present research and trying to remove them can cause to mass participation of the academic society in universities’ physical activity and sport for all programs. In addition, in this research, based on identified barriers, some strategies were presented in order to development of sport for all in universities.

Obviously , the most important human capital is an appropriate use of these funds is necessary in an integrated system . The aim of this study was to determine the effects of social factors on the employment of graduates in Physical Education MA in public and private universities are . Methods This study - which is based on the analysis and results of applied research is conducted in terms of the field that is in the area of cross-sectional studies .governmental and non -governmental ) was estimated using Cochran 's formula was used to estimate sample size and sample size of 360 patients was considered to increase the generalizability and validity of research results to increase the sample size to 421 individuals . Stratified cluster random sampling was performed .the community . For construct validity , exploratory factor analysis indicated that an acceptable construct validity (factor loading= .748) level of reliability equal to .97 (Cronbach's alpha) were reported. The construction of the questionnaire, an exploratory factor analysis using statistical software (SPSS version 20) was applied using confirmatory factor analysis using LISREL statistical software from governmental and non- university graduates government , and social factors affecting the employment of graduates of master's degree in physical education were prioritized .students at public universities , the government of the State University graduate with a load factor (.964) were the first priority . Social factors play a role in the employment of college graduates in general plays.