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Health Education and Health Promotion - Volume:2 Issue: 4, Fall 2014

Health Education and Health Promotion
Volume:2 Issue: 4, Fall 2014

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1393/10/20
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Hassan Bagheri, Nia, Mohammad Yamini Pages 5-20
    Aim: The present study aimed at surveying the relationship between spiritual quotient and human relationships among the principals of elementary schools of Esfarayen City in Iran.
    Methods
    The sample group consisted of 100 randomly selected managers. Data gathering was carried out through spiritual quotient and human relationships‟ tests. Descriptive statistics and the Pearson‟s Correlation Coefficient were used for data analysis.
    Findings: The results showed that there was a significant and positive relationship between spiritual quotient and its elements including communication, self-awareness, trust, and motivation, on the one hand, and human relationships of the participants on the other. In addition, there was a positive and significant relationship between Transcendental Awareness, Conscious State Expansion, Personal Meaning Production, and Critical Existential Thinking, and human relationships among the participants.
    Conclusion
    Spirituality at work may result in increasing creativity, honesty, trust, sense of personal perfection, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, participation at work, morality and professional conscious, motivation, and performance. Therefore, a spiritual manager leads the organization toward success in a way that the customers, employees, and society members enjoy the benefits.
    Keywords: Spiritual quotient, Human relationships, Management
  • Arezoo Fallahi, Babak Nemat Shahrbabaki, Piraveen Pirakalathanan Pages 21-30
    Aim: By understanding women’s perceptions of the risk factors for osteoporosis, improved preventive programs can be designed to modify misconceptions and improve understanding of the condition. This study aimed to explore Kurdish-Iranian women’s perceptions of the risk factors for osteoporosis.
    Methods
    Sixteen women with osteoporosis referred to osteoporosis screening units at the private and governmental centers were interviewed through purposeful sampling between January and July 2015. Inclusion criteria included a diagnosis of osteoporosis for at least six months, T-score below -2.5, age 50 years and over, and ability to attend and participate in the study. All focus groups and face-to-face semi-structured interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. To confirm precision of the data, the following criteria were employed: credibility, conformability, dependability and transformability.
    Findings: Overall, the perceived risk factors were broadly classified into non-modifiable and modifiable factors. Non-modifiable factors included the sub-themes of genetic factors and hormonal changes. Modifiable factors comprised the sub-themes of limited legal and administrative systems, cultural-environmental and socio-economic factors, lack of understanding the disease and its treatment, and poor health priorities.
    Conclusion
    The risk factors for osteoporosis from women's perceptions can be classified into non-modifiable and modifiable factors. These results can be useful to design a gender-specific risk assessment tool and develop strategies and intervention programs for preventing osteoporosis in women.
    Keywords: Risk factors, Osteoporosis, Women, Content analysis
  • Mahsa Khodayarian, Minoor Lamyian, Mahin Rahimdel, Sedigheh Jalalpour, Seyed Mohsen Mirjalili Pages 31-43
    Aim: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in Iranian women. Clinical nurses and midwives are supposed to be at high risk of the disease. The present study aimed at comparing the knowledge and health beliefs of Iranian nurses and midwives about breast cancer screening using Health Belief Model (HBM).
    Methods
    In this cross-sectional study, 100 nurses and 60 midwives working in teaching hospitals affiliated to Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences (Yazd, Iran) were selected via convenience sampling. Three questionnaires were used to collect data including a demographic questionnaire, the Breast Cancer Knowledge Test, and Champion’s Revised Health Belief Model Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS-11.0 for Windows.
    Findings: According to the independent t-test results, the mean knowledge scores of the two groups were significantly different (p0.05). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient revealed a significant direct correlation between knowledge and health beliefs in both nurses and midwives (P=0.018; r=0.18). The same test suggested knowledge to have significant direct correlation with benefits of mammography (P=0.01; r=0.2), benefits of breast self-awareness (P
    Conclusion
    There are some risk factors including unhealthy life-style behaviours, exposure to night light, and consequently, disruption in circadian rhythm, and that job stress can threaten the health of nurses and midwives. Thus, it is important to determine their perceived barriers of screening behaviours based on HBM.
    Keywords: Nurses, Midwives, Health Belief Model, Breast cancer screening, Breast self, examination
  • Fariba Kiani, Elham Baradaran, Mohammad Reza Khodabakhsh Pages 45-54
    Aim: It has been shown that workers who had previously been involved in a work accident had significantly lower situation awareness scores than those who had not had an accident in the workplace. In this study, we examined the role of stress, sleep loss and fatigue in predicting situation awareness among workers.
    Methods
    The current study was a cross-sectional study. The sample consisting of 180 employees in National Petrochemical Company in 2014 was selected according to the stratified random sampling method. They responded to questionnaires about work situation awareness, work stress, sleep loss and fatigue. The data were analyzed by correlation techniques and stepwise regression.
    Findings: The results showed a significant internal correlation among work stress, sleep loss and fatigue, and work situation awareness. Also the results of stepwise regression analysis showed that sleep loss, fatigue and stress predicted, respectively, almost 25%, 23% and 21% of variances of work situation awareness among workers.
    Conclusion
    The variables of stress, sleep loss and fatigue could predict work situation awareness. Therefore, these variables can be important to promoting the awareness of work situation among workers.
    Keywords: Stress, Sleep loss, Fatigue, Situation awareness
  • Farideh Malekshahi, Alireza Haidarnia, Shamseddin Niknami, Frakhondeh Aminshokravi Pages 55-65
    Aim: Recently, prevention of osteoporosis has become the goal of many health professionals. Behavior change is one of the most powerful strategies for osteoporosis prevention. This study aimed to determine calcium intake in order to identify osteoporosis preventive behavior in women aged 30-50 years in Khorramabad city, Iran.
    Methods
    This descriptive cross-sectional study included 269 women aged 30-50 years who were selected from all the health centers of Khorramabad city according to the inclusion criteria of the study and by cluster and systematic sampling. The tools for data collection were valid and reliable questionnaires of demographic information, stages of change, decisional balance, self-efficacy, and calcium intake. Chi-square test and logistic regression were applied to analyze the data.
    Findings: The mean age of the subjects was 38.72±7.003, and the mean total calcium weekly intake was 3191.03±3869.24. The results also showed that self-efficacy among the constructs of the Trans-theoretical Model (TTM) was a significant predictive of dietary calcium intake for the behavior.
    Conclusion
    The results showed that the weekly intake calcium in women was low. Self-efficacy among the constructs of the TTM was the only significant predictive for osteoporosis prevention behavior. Therefore, the findings of this study can be considered when designing educational interventions for prevention of osteoporosis by health authorities.
    Keywords: Osteoporosis, Prevention, Behavior, Trans, theoretical Model
  • Masoud Shafieinia, Alireza Hidarnia, Anoushirvan Kazemnejad, Reza Rajabi Pages 67-79
    Aim: Insufficient physical activity in women exposes them to problems such as overweight, diabetes, depression and cardiovascular diseases on top. In between, employees have minimum physical activity due to type of their job. The goal of this study was determining psychological factors eff ective on the physical activity of women working in University of Tehran based on the theory of planned behavior.
    Methods
    The research population included female office workers from the University of Tehran, who were selected through a call at this univer sity in 2015 for this descriptive analytical cross - sectional study. For data gathering, a questionnaire was used with acceptable validity and reliability including demographic information and constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as well as In ternational Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Data were analyzed using SPSS21. The statistical bivariate correlation test and stepwise regression test were employed at the significance level of 0.05.
    Findings: In this study, behavioral intention had a positive and significant relation with perceived behavioral control (P=0.000) and attitude (P=0.042). Also behavioral intention had a positive and significant relation with physical activity (P=0.000). Stepwise regression analysis was used to evaluate im portant factors effective on prediction of behavior and intention; it determined 40% of intention variance (R2= 0.408).
    Conclusion
    The results of the study showed that constructs such as attitude and perceived behavioral control can be effective on the be havioral intention and physical behavior of female employees; therefore, these factors must be seriously considered in educational planning for this group of the society.
    Keywords: Theory of Planned Behavior, Physical Activity, Employees