نشریه مدیریت و توسعه ورزش
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 6، بهار و تابستان 1394)

The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize fluctuation factors of Iran wrestling team performance at Olympic Games from the perspective of experts.
The research sample was selected using purposive and availability sampling and that consisted of 110 people including managers of wrestling federation and provincial delegations (25 people), Academic experts (15 people), Coaches of grade І (30 people), and elite wrestlers at the national level (40 people). The instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 42 questions in six subscales that its face, content and content validity was approved. The questionnaire’s reliability was measured by Cronbach''s alpha (0.92). In order to analyze data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods (Friedman test and exploratory factor analysis) were used. General calculations was done using SPSS software at the significant level of p≤0/05.
Results showed that the factor of management and planning has the greatest impact on fluctuations of Iran’s wrestling team performance at Olympic Games and factors of academic issues, Public relations and media, identification and development of talents, Qualification of management and sport events are the next priorities.
It is recommended that wrestling federation officials considering these factors and their priorities, try to remove the obstacles in order to witness stable developments and no fluctuations in Iran wrestling team performance at the international arena such as Olympic games.

The first step to develop and manage sport tourism destinations is to identification and prioritization of available resources. The purpose of this study was prioritization of the sport tourism attractions on developing sport tourism in Iranian Northern provinces.
112 subjects (20 sport management experts, 92chairman, assistants and experts of universities, administrations of physical education, cultural heritage and municipalities of three provinces) were selected as the sample and answered to the questionnaire designed by the researcher. The face and content validities of this questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated in a guide survey (α=0.92). For analyzing data, Kruska Wallis, u-man- whitney, Touki and Anova tests were used in a significant level α≥0.05.
Findings showed that attraction of the sport competitions and events, water sports, hill climbing and nature tourism, mountain climbing and cave climbing, hiking, warm water and nature therapy, hunting, and winter sports, respectively are the most important factors in developing sport tourism in the studied provinces
According to the research findings, it is suggested that authorities of the related organizations pay more attention to holding sport events for attracting more sport tourists and sport administrators collaborate with other relevant departments to invest more on sports attractions such as the beach sport and hiking.

The present study was an attempt to rank the fitness clubs of Rasht in terms of safety employing MCDM.
The research was descriptive-comparative study; so, the data were collected using by a researcher-made checklist including 123 safety factors.The sample was consisted of all the fitness clubs in Rasht. The sample was equal with the population due to the low level of overall size. Thus, forty-four clubs were analyzed. This is a descriptive-comparative study; the data was collected contributing a researcher-made checklist including one hundred and twenty-three safety factors using field research. To analyze the data, the researcher used Shannon Entropy as well as TOPSIS contributing EXCEL Software.
Considering the safety factor, the highest rank went to clubs of A5 (Ci= =0.86) while the lowest one with Ci= 0.06 went toA27.
Ranking the sport places as a product through MCDM can provide the customers with the opportunity to have the best choice. On the other hand, the providers will have the chance to remove the weak points either to improve or confirm the position of the product considering the given rank.

Nowadays, credible international leagues attempt to improve their standards to continue their progress to become proficient in next years. The aim of this research is the study of Iran's Premier League football based on professional standards AFC.
This research is a descriptive one. Base on the aim, it is functional and accomplished in field. The statistic population of this study included all Federation's managers, league organization, Club's managers, head coaches, instructors and obliging wardens (supervisors) of premier league and Iran's football experts (102 persons) that all had been selected due to the limited statistic population. In order to collect the data, a questionnaire was made by the researcher. To analyze the data using descriptive statistic methods, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and Binomial Test at significance level (α= 0/05) were used.
The results showed that in optimal position, stadium (4/0329) and in the present situation, the League organization (2/8511), had the highest average comparing to other variables The results also showed that the five components being studied in the present situation were less than mean situation and the average (number 3) and they were not at a favorable level according to AFC standard.
The results of the research in its five components rejected its conformity to AFC’s standards. So, it is suggested that people who are in charge try to develop increasingly and achieve Iran's football goals based on international standards.

The aim of this study was identification and codifying Ethical Standards for Iran faculty Members of Physical Education and Sport Sciences from the students’ perspective.
Statistical population of this study involved 15 thousand students of Physical Education throughout Iran that 1018 students were selected randomly. Measuring instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire, including 41 questions in five-value Likert scale. The data analyzed by Exploratory factor analysis used to determine factors. Factor analysis approach used to approve the model by determining relationship between questions with factors and factors with ethics Standard. Single sample t-test was used for analyzing the status of questions. Finally Freidman test was used for prioritization of questions and factors.
Using exploratory factor analysis 32 questions were confirmed by using varimax rotation. Furthermore, the questions set in six factors including, group activities 13.131, verbal and behavioral honesty 12.793, Deontology 11.577, professional behavior 9.576, scientific-research commitment 8.779 and financial responsibilities 7.699 in which predictive power of questions based on the total variance were % 63.555. Reliability of the questionnaire’s factors was between 0.73- 0.88 and total reliability was 0.84. Considering questions and factors, all of the questions had a significant relation with their factors (T value=1.96). Goodness-fit test showed that x2 / df ratio was 3.84 and RMSEA was 0.053. Also all the factors had a significant relationship with the concept of ethics standard (T value=1.96).
Compilation of the ethical Standard which is derived from the religious principles and national culture can help the scientific community of physical education of Iran.

The purpose of this study was to assess the level of "knowledge management system" and its regression equation with the "Quality of work life" in employees of Ministry of Sport and Youth.
245 employees of the ministry were randomly selected as sample of this study. Two questionnaires of Walton quality of work life, and Salys and Jones Knowledge Management were used for collecting data. Based on Cronbach's alpha, the validity of Knowledge Management (0.88) and quality of work life (0.91) questionnaires were calculated. Data analysis was done using single-sample t-test, Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression and ANOVA.
level of "knowledge management" and "quality of work life" in the Ministry of Sport and Youth was assessed as "poor to average" and "average", respectively. The results also indicate a significant and positive relationship (0.766) between the knowledge management system and the quality of work life in Ministry of Sport and Youth (p=0.001). In addition, the variables of "knowledge utilization", "knowledge management", “knowledge creation” and "Storing and Organizing Knowledge" have had the highest regression effect on quality of work life, respectively. This result proves that the dimensions of knowledge management system are significant predictors of work life’ quality (p Promoting the knowledge level of employees of Ministry of Sport, can not only impart them from new knowledge and thus improve their job performance, but also improve their quality of work life, more than before.

There are always Interaction relationships between the sponsors and the sport teams. This relationship leads to many advantages such as the sport teams need to increase their finances whereas the sponsors want to use the broadcast and the advertisement. It should be noted that there is a significant issue that is the sponsors should focus on what criteria and what are the priorities of the criteria to choose their teams.
Analysis Hierarchical Process technique is used as the Multi criteria decision method. Therefore, 14 indicators are selected and categorized in three factors including the team, national and economic criteria. The pair-wise comparisons are conducted and their weights are calculated. 26 questionnaires were gathered and finally the average scores were used in the AHP model.
The condition of team allocates the most criteria which is logical due to the exchange rules. Moreover, the weight of economic criteria is more than the others which is acceptable due to the current national economic conditions. Finally, all the criteria are discussed and the priority of each is calculated. It should be mentioned the inconsistency ratio of the model is very low which shows the high accuracy of the judgments.
Due to factors such as the appropriateness of the research funding, financial commitment and support to the team (0.144, 0.141) and the team's performance (0.126) in the first three indicators in deciding and choosing the sponsors of our were countries. This can serve as an effective factor in recruitment and selection are introduced and sponsored.

The purposes of this study were modeling from the conceptuals to exclusive intentions of private sector customers.
The method of research was descriptive - survey conducted. The samples were consisted of 354 users of the services offered at Enghelab complex gyms in 1391. Research tool were built as a questionnaire with 55 closed questions that has been answered. Cronbach's alpha reliability test was up to 0.95(P In the proposed model, there were three independent factors that contribute loyalty: perceived justice (IF: 0.31) (IF: 0.0068) and perceived risk (IF: 0.0068). Also service quality were contributed on satisfaction (IF: 0.70) and value (IF: 0.52) indirectly. Furthermore, satisfaction on loyalty (IF: 0.44) and value on trustness (IF: 0.39) & on loyalty (IF: 0.028), also trustness on loyalty (IF: 0.11) had contributions. Perceived justice on trustness (IF: 0.52); on satisfaction (IF: 0.17); on value (IF: 0.24) have indirectly contributed. Satisfaction and trustness had contribution on situational factors (IF: 0.25); (IF: 0.13); respectinly.
Satisfaction and perceived trustiness had a great role on loyalty formation and firm’s benefits, but considerations on value, as a mediator factor, were suggested.

The main purpose of this research is to determine the ranking of the technological level of physical education faculty of Urmia and to compare it with other physical education faculty of Iran.
The research method used in this study is descriptive and survey. Observation and Atlantic Technology were used to determine the rate of technological levels and five-value likert questionnaire have been used to collect data. The statistical society of this research was MS and PhD students of urmia’s physical education faculty and the sampling method was cluster sampling. Finally, 183 MS and PhD students were selected as the sample of the present research. To analyze the research data Atlantic Technology Model and one sample T-test were applied.
Results of this research show that the rate of technological level of physiological and coefficient technological faculty of urmia is lower than the average value of all other physiological faculties in this country.
Due to the priority of the most important levels of the technology components (Technology ware, Human ware, Information ware, organization ware) in Urumia’s faculty of phisycal education should be a priority.

The main purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of service marketing mix on customers’ satisfaction and their price tolerance at a sport complex.
Current research is an applied study and falls into the category of descriptive -survey researches methodologically. Statistical population consists of all women who use the services of Hijab sport complex in Shiraz. Among these customers, 400 individuals using Non-probability sampling regarding women availability, have been selected and were questioned by a researcher-made questionnaire. Questionnaire’s validity was tested using face validity approach while questionnaire’s reliability was confirmed through two approaches of alpha cronbach (79 %) and split half (71 %).
Based on the findings raised by Structural Equations Model, it was obvious that customer satisfaction mediates the relationship between service marketing mix and price tolerance. Freedman Test also showed that the location of a sport complex has had the highest effect on customer satisfaction whilst the complex’s promotion was in the lowest rank considering its influence on customer satisfaction. Moreover, Kruskal Wallis Test indicated that the importance of service marketing mix elements is different among various groups of customers.
Regarding the high inflation in Iran, where most of sport complexes have realized they cannot survive without having customers with high price tolerance; providers should change their marketing mix elements consciously and try to focus on factors that has the highest effect on customer satisfaction