نشریه مدیریت و توسعه ورزش
سال سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 5، پاییز و زمستان 1393)

The purpose of the study was to design strategies for recreational sport tourism development in Iran.
This research is analytic descriptive. The research population were 200 elites including presidents and vice presidents of national federations, the managers of Sport and Youth Ministry, some faculty members and presidents of Tourism organization. The questionnaire was formulated as the result of studying the existent status of sport tourism in Iran and the viewpoints of strategic board. Binominal test and Descriptive analysis were used for significant determination of item's importance and ranking them respectively.
The results demonstrated the significant importance of 11 strengths, 14 weaknesses, 8 opportunities and 10 threats in recreational sport tourism in Iran.
Eight strategies were formulated for developing recreational sport tourism, using Strategic Board’s opinions and pair comparison of the significant items. The strategies are as follows: developing strategies for holding the national and international sport events in the regions with proper capacity for recreational sport tourism; establishing special sites for recreational sport events in various regions of the country; compiling and implementing a comprehensive system for continuous evaluation and analysis of the various kinds of recreational sport tourism's benefits for the country; introducing the recreational sport tourism industry to the society using propaganda and marketing; providing a system for introducing the recreational sport tourism attractions at the margin of the sport events; providing internet sites for introducing and marketing the recreational sport tourism attractions; compiling a comprehensive system for attraction of domestic and foreign investments in recreational sport tourism section; training the management specialists in the sections, institutes and organizations involved in sport tourism; and compiling a comprehensive system for privatization of the sport tourism based on the policies of the 44 principle.

The purpose of this study was to compare the viewpoints of experts about the impediments of finding sponsors in Iran's professional football.
The survey research design was used with a sample size of 116 consisting of 18 club managers, 40 sports management experts, 40 marketing experts, and 18 sponsor managers. Investigator-made questionnaire was used for data collection. Its face and content validity were confirmed by sports management and marketing instructors and its reliability was estimated 0.84 through Cronbach's alpha method. To analyze the collected data, we employed Cruscal-Wallis, Klomogrov-Smirnov, and Kendall's W methods (P≤0.05).
The study showed that respondents prioritized the impediments of ýfinding sponsors in Iran's professional football differently. ýFurther there was a significant difference between the prioritization ýof impediments of finding sponsors from the point of view of club ýmanagers, sports management experts, marketing experts, and ýsponsor managers.
The differences in viewpoints of the four groups of this study could indicate the gaps between academicians and practitioners viewpoints in football industry of our country. It is proposed to combine and use viewpoints of all groups.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether sport management itself should design sport tourism marketing mix or should implement a pre-designed one.
The research method was descriptive and was done by a survey. The statistical sample consisted of 362 sport tourism experts and Iranian and foreign sport tourists who participated in sport events in Tehran. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire with 24 questions. The face and content validity were approved by sport management experts and construct validity was approved using Exploratory Factor Analysis method. The reliability of questionnaire was verified by Cronbach's Alpha method (α =0.775). The SPSS19 was used for descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were done by LISREL 8.7.
The results showed that Fit Indexes of the model of sport management impact on sport tourism marketing mix were better than the model of sport tourism marketing mix impact on sport management. The Effect Coefficient of sport management on sport tourism marketing mix was 1.21. Among variables affecting sport tourism marketing mix, the factor loading of physical evidences (0.84) was more than the others. Also, the load factor of good organizing sport events (0.51) was more than the other ones affecting sport management.
According to the results sport management itself should design and then implement the sport tourism marketing mix.

The purpose of this research is to study Iranian senior and junior wrestling medalist's success continuation from the managers and coache's perspective.
The research sample was selected randomly and included 28 people from wrestling board officials and 162 people from grade І and П active coaches of Iran. In this research, a researcher-made questionnaire was used which included 35 questions in five subscales consisting of facilities, management, physical fitness, sport injuries and psychological problems. The validity of questionnaire was approved by 7 experts of physical education. In the pilot studyon 30 cases from experts, questionnaire reliability by Cronbach's alpha was measured 0.80. In order to evaluate and compare data descriptive and inferential statistical tests (Friedman test) were used from SPSS software using significant level p≤0/05.
Results showed that greatest impact on Iranian senior and junior wrestling medalist's success continuation occurred by facilities, management, sport injuries, physical fitness and psychological problems respectively.
It is recommended that wrestling federation officials prioritizes these subscales to keep the medalists on the track.

Attention to spectators and their satisfaction has numerous benefits for sports clubs around the world. The current research aims to analyze affecting factors on fan's satisfaction and attendance in Iran football Premier League's stadium.
The research method was survey based. The statistical society of this study were all of the fans in Iran football Premier League. 1920 fans were selected by Random selection as Research sample. In the present research, the research questionnaire developed by Theodorakis and et al (2013) was used. Its validity and reliability were assessed by using conventional methods. For the analysis Path Analysis by SPSS and AMOS Software were used.
The results of path Analysis also showed that questionnaire with 0/313 total impact had the greatest impact on the satisfaction among fans. Also, results showed that Satisfaction with 0/462 total impact had the impact on the fan's participation in stadiums.
According to the results of research, improving the match quality and team performance in the Iran football Premier League can increase the number of fans at Iran's stadiums.

Sport service quality for customer's satisfaction and continuity of the constant presence of customers of these centers is the concerns of the people who use them and the officials and observers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between swimming pools services quality on satisfaction and loyalty of customers to their Future return.
This study was descriptive-correlational. The population of study included all costumers of swimming pools in Mazandaran out of whom 210 people were selected randomly. To gather data standard questionnaire of service quality (QSS) by Alexandria (1999), customer loyalty (AIS) by Alen (1990), customer satisfaction (OCS) by Victor (2002) and behavioral future intention (BFIS) by Bery (1996) were used.
Results indicated that all of variables were important. The mean of satisfaction was the maximum one (M=5.36) and loyalty was the minimum (M=4.49). There was positive and significant relation between service qualities with loyalty, satisfaction and behavioral future intention. Also there was positive and significant relation between customer satisfaction with loyalty and behavioral future intention and finally loyalty had positive and significant relation with behavioral future intention (p≤0.5).
Considering the findings of this research, the predictive variables of service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty have the ability to explain future behavior of customers attending swimming pools. Therefore, it is essential for leaders and managers of swimming pools to increase the quantity and quality of their presentation in order to maintain the loyalty of existing customers and attract new customers.

one of the problems that managers in sport organizations have paid less attention to is communication skills. Meanwhile, occupational positions are considerably influenced by our interpersonal relations. Approximately 90% of occupational failures occur due to individual inability to make appropriate interpersonal relations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between communication skills and interpersonal relations of sports managers in Guilan province.
The population of this research consists of the directors of the Office sports and youth, the heads and Successors of sports and youth cities, the heads and Successors of Guilan sports staff that were 121 persons. All of the statistical samples were considered as equal to the population size and 99 questionnaires have been received. In order to collect data, two questionnaires, The Barton J.A. Communication skills questionnaire (1990) and The Siegel, Smith and Moska (2001) were used. The Validity of the Questionnaires were approved by 10 university lecturers of Sports Management and the reliability of them also were calculated by cronbach’s alpha and as 0.81 and 0.83. Data analysis was carried out by using Kolmogorov-smirnov, Pearson correlation coefficient and simple multiple regression.
Based on the findings of the research, there is a positive and significant relationship between the Communication skills of the managers and the interpersonal relations of the sport managers in Guilan province. The results of the multiple regression also showed that among the different aspects of the communication skills of the managers, speaking skill variable is more significant than other variables in predicting the interpersonal relations of managers.
If managers strengthen their communication skills they will find it more possible to communicate with other people, inspire their feeling, convince them, impress them, and finally assure them .So managers can improve their performance and succession in their management scope and assure their superior managers, colleagues and subordinates by strengthening and learning these skills.

Choosing the best coach requires identifying critical criteria or characteristics for leading the team. Therefor the purpose of this paper was based on 2 subjects; determining critical criteria of choosing a coach and selecting the best coach for sport teams.
For achieving the research goals; at first, based on library studies, 20 criteria were identified as coach selection criteria. Then by using Fuzzy Delphi method and seeking other's opinion with a five Likert scale questionnaire from 32 masters and the PHD students of physical education of university of Guilan and based on Pareto rule, 11 criteria which achieved scores more than 0.8 were identified as critical criteria. According to 11 critical criteria and 3 coaching alternatives, final questionnaire was prepared and distributed among five decision makers on coach selection in Guilan's Damash Sports Club. After gathering the data, it was analyzed by TOPSIS technique.
After identifying and determining critical criteria such as technical, managerial and leadership, psychology-mental, social, communication, sports and motivational skills, initiative and intelligence, background and personality characteristics, a decision structure was designed in three levels and accordingly a selection process was carried out by using developed TOPSIS MADM technique. Results showed that the first option was selected as the best coach. The proposed approach minimizes subjective judgment in selecting coaches. It also can assist club's decision makers and managers to identify and determine the critical criteria before coach selection.
This approach also helps the decision makers to better select the best coach of the sports team by considering several criteria and options. Also, the suggested research methods could be used in other sports.

This study is aimed to investigate the effect of self-definitional needs of the club's fans on their purchase intention of products and services of sponsor's company.
Due to the purpose behind it, the study is practical and is considered a descriptive – survey one. According to the extensive research done in this field abroad, standardized questionnaires have been used after being translated, being localized and validity and reliability confirmation. The sample were the men who were fans of Peykan volleyball club. The questionnaire was distributed using available sampling methods (convenient) among 400 fans. To test the research hypotheses, regression and correlation analysis, using Excel and SPSS software were applied.
The results showed that two definitional needs of fans; i.e. continuing (feeling similarity) and feeling of difference (being different) had a significant positive impact on fans belongingness to the club, and the club's belongingness of fans has a significant positive impact on the brand image of the sponsors and their intentions of purchase products and services of company that supported the club.
By supplying self-definitional needs of the fans, the club can look more attractive for them and bring belongingness to the club. Furthermore, business companies can use sport sponsorship activities to improve fan's intentions and attitude towards their products and services.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the rate of satisfaction from physical fitness committees performance in province of Guilan.
The method of this study was descriptive-survey type. The statistical population included the head of the office of sports and youth, all committee employers, coaches, referees, and active athletes (175 individuals) from 15 cities of Guilan province. The questionnaires were distributed between all of them and 157 completed questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The measuring instrument in this study was a researcher made questionnaire. The face and content validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by 10 sport management instructors and specialists and 3 experienced coaches . Its reliability was also estimated USING cronbach Alpha test as r =0/96. In order to analyze the data ,descriptive statistics methods; Calmogroph and Smirnof test, one sample “t” test, ANOVA, follow -up LSD, kruskal wallis; Spearman, and U-man Whitney tests were used with in a significance level of p≤0.05 employing SPSS software version 16.
Analyzing the satisfaction dimension of physical fitness performance 9 factors were indicated and three of them like ,management- planning factor, human resources factor and scientific– research factor were recognized as important factors from all the subjects’ point of views. By studying the financial source factor, it was indicated that the degree of attracting allocated resources form city’s physical education bureau (financial & non-financial) and the received income from renting sport facilities given to the committee had the first and second priority and the most amount of affect on the responders’ satisfaction.
It is recommended that the officials and planners of the province committees use the available variables on management-planning factors, human resource factors, and scientific-research factors, consider the importance of governmental financial resources, recruit and educate skilful human sources, provide equipments and facilities for building structures and annual planning and present better services to provide positive innovations in the committees.