نشریه مدیریت و توسعه ورزش
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 3، پاییز و زمستان 1392)

National sport development demands collaboration and support of stakeholders involved in national sport so that sport development programs conduct by these stakeholders. But to carry out the programs, organizations deal with a challenge of organizational legitimacy. Therefore this study intends to design model for providing stakeholders’ interests of Ministry of Sports and Youth emphasizing on organizational legitimacy.
The Research method was corelational research. For data gathering, literature review, structured interview and questionnaire were used. In the interview session, the conceptual model, the variables and the their relationships among were discussed with 22 managers and experts. Sampling method was stratified. Two groups of stakeholders as primary (national sport federations) and secondary (private sectors involved in sport) were chosen. The research instrument was a questionnaire with optimal validity and reliability values. Structural equation modeling was used for model designing.
Research findings showed that stakeholders’ capability of management (=ß 0/80, p =0/001), adaptive culture (=ß 0/32, p =0/001) and organic structure (=ß 0/29, p =0/001) significantly influenced provision of stakeholders’ interests. Also, adaptive culture (=ß 0/46, p =0/001) and organic structure (=ß0/33, p=0/001) significantly affected stakeholders’ capability of management. In addition, Influence of provision of stakeholders’ interests (=ß 0/59, p =0/001) on organizational legitimacy was significant.
Based on structural equation model, contextual factors (adaptive culture, organic structure) did not have a direct and positive effect on the provision of stakeholder interests. Thus, the final research model can offer useful understanding about the influnce of research variables for stakeholders.

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting tourism’s attraction and development of water sport’s tourism in coastal cities of Mazandaran.
For this purpose, a questionnaire consisting 23 questions based on a Likert scale of five values were obtained for experts and visitors and after confirming its validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.91), viewpoints of experts and tourists (Sport management faculty members, president and vice president of water sport associations, heads of department of Physical Education in coastal cities of Mazandaran) were investigated. The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis.
Results showed that advertising and marketing with 0.86 of covariance coefficient was the most important factor in attracting tourists and water sports development in the coastal cities of Mazandaran. Management (0.85), facilities (0.71), and infrastructure (0.59) were in the next priorities for water sports development and attraction of tourists.
Therefore it could be concluded that in developing water sport tourism in coastal cities of Mazandaran Province, more attention should be paid to marketing and managerial activities.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the most influential indicators on development of sport tourism marketing west Azerbaijan province.
This is a descriptive- analytical study. The statistical population consists of sport expert members of Cultural Heritage and Tourism organization (n=24) and sport expert members of physical education (n=50) that work in west Azerbaijan province. Research tools were marketing indicators Questionnaire of Bidokhti and Nazari (2009) with reliability of (α= 0. 82) Which is based on five Lickert scale. Its validity was confirmed by means of sport management experts’ view. Also, the data were analyzed by one sample T-Test and Friedman at the level of p≤0.05.
The results showed that all of the indicator including modification of country’s massive investment, development of infrastructures, attention to tourism attractions, promotion activities and regulating guidelines based on distribution of attractions are the influential in development of sport tourism marketing in west Azerbaijan province.
Developing suitable infrastructure development, promotion activities, distribution of attractions in all areas of this province instead of a specific area, paying attention to sport tourism attractions, and modification of the country’s massive investment in the field of sport tourism are respectively the procceding which of west Azerbaijan province.

The aim of the present research was to identify and examine the factors that influence the development of cycling in the city of Kerman.
The present research’s method was Survey and the statistical society was the people over 14 years living in Kerman that 650 of them were selected by multi-stage Cluster method as research sample. The survey instrument was a researcher- made questionnaire that was based on a comprehensive study of the sources in literature in the field of cycling. Its validity and reliability were evaluated by using conventional methods for determining questionnaire's validity and reliability. For analysis of research findings, Path analysis and exploratory factor analysis by SPSS and AMOS software were used.
The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that safety factors, facilitation factors, and motivational factors explained 53 .979 percent of the total variance. The results of path analysis also showed that safety factors with 0.38 total impact had the greatest hnfluence on the paying development of cycling.
Attention to safety factors can develop urban cycling in city of Kerman and consequently in Iran.

The purpose of this research was to study the influence of risk management practices in decrease of lawsuits concerning public and private swimming pools.
The statistical population of the research included 310 managers of public and private swimming pools which 119 were selected as statistical sample by means of random sampling. The research method was descriptive and survey, and in measurement form. The instruments of the study were 2 questionaires, which one of them evaluated demographic data and general information and the other risk management practices.Qustionaire’s validity were determined by alpha kronbach method. The required information was collected by interviews during the time acting of managers in pools gathered and the data was analyzed by using person correlation coefficient and T-test.
The results of this study indicated that: there is not any significant relationship between experience and risk management practices. Significant relationship existed between accidents/injuries in swimming pools and lawsuits in swimming pools. In addition, significant relationship existed between risk management practices and lawsuits.
The rate of of accidents and lawsuits can be reduced by applying risk management practices in swimming pools which will can be provided a safe environment for it’s users.

The purpose of this study was to survey Physical Education (P.E) lesson preferences among other secondary school courses.
The present study’s population was all of the girls and boys who attended middle schools of Rasht (20776) and their parents. The sample of the study were 400 students (191 boys and 209 girls) and 400 parents who were selected randomly. The instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire including 70 questions that decreased to 30 questions after interviewing and applying expert opinions of 10 university professors and 10 experienced teachers. Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability of this study (α = 0.75). The data were analyzed by the UMann-Whitney, the Wilcoxon, the Friedman, and the Spearman correlation coefficient test at the level of p≤ 0.05.
The results showed that students and parents ranked P.E in sixth and seventh order, respectively. Male and female students ranked P.E in fourth and sixth order, respectively. There was no significant difference in P.E status between students and parents perspective; however, there was significant difference between male and female student’s opinions. Also, there was no significant difference in P.E status among different grades.
Physical education lesson has partly weak situation among other subjects from parents and girls students’ perspective; it is necessary to explain P.E plans and goals for parents and provide appropriate and enjoyable environment without pressure and with fun activities according to the wishes and interests of girl students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of interaction quality and perceived value on behavioral intentions of customers.
The method of the research was descriptive survey conducted. The sample consisted of 177 users of the services offered by the gas company in years of 1391. The research’s tool built was a researche -made questionnaire with 72 questions. Cronbach's alpha reliability test was up to 0/70 (P In the proposed model, physical quality (IF: 00.0), interaction quality (IF: 0.37) and quality outcome (IF: 0.54) introduced as independent factors.These factors through service quality (IF: 1.04) on percieved value on hmage (IF: 0.01), and satisfaction (IF: 0.43). Also, value contributed on satisfaction (IF: 0.62) and satisfaction (IF: 0.97) and image (IF: 0.07) contributed to behavioral intentions. Physical quality has no significant relation with service quality, but had high relation with interaction quality (R: 0.877) and outcome (R: 0.792).
The research model have goodness of fit indices. The model considering to quality, value, customer satisfaction and expectations were the most important. Also, sufficient attention to the image, and demographic charecteristics should be considered.