نشریه گیاهان دانه روغنی
شماره 1 (1394)

In order to assess the seed yield stability of 19 late maturing pure lines of soybean, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design in three regions, i.e. Gorgan, Mazandaran and Moghan in 2012-2013. The new lines were made up of 13 combination as well as two controls (Katul and Sari). In this study, the lines were evaluated for seed yield and other agronomic traits in summer sown planting. Seed yield showed significant differences in two years and the highest seed yield (3552 kg/ha) was produced in 2012. In addition, seed yield was considerably different in three locations. The highest yield belonged to Mazandaran region with 3659 kg/ha but in Gorgan and Moghan the seed yield was similar and the average yield of this two regions was 3165 kg/ha. There were highly significant differences for seed yield between various lines in different regions. The line 16 from Accomac ×Yagutsa combination produced the highest seed yield (3728 kg/ha) and the Hamilton x Sahar combination produced the lowest seed yield (2662 kg/ha). Four superior lines were determined for each region based on AMMI analysis for seed yield. The superior lines from this study will be evaluated for zonal approvement on different farm conditions in order to release new variety of soybean if superiority of the lines be approved.

Designing the equipment for processing, sorting, sizing and other post-harvest processes of agricultural products requires information about their physical properties. In this research, the effect of moisture content on the geometrical properties (length, width, thickness, geometrical and arithmetic mean of diameter, surface area, projected area and sphericity coefficient) and gravimetrical properties (thousands seed weight, volume, true and bulk density, and porosity) of seeds of two cotton varieties (Sahel and Saiokra) were investigated in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) arranged in a 2 by 5 factorial experiment (two levels of varieties and five levels of moisture content) In engineering lab of Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. With increasing moisture, the length of cotton seed of Saiokra and Sahel varieties were in the range of 8.82-9.15 mm and 8.77-8.91 mm, respectively, thickness in the range of 3.96-4.16 and 4.24-4.37 mm, respectively, geometrical mean of diameter in the range of 5.52-5.73 mm and 5.48-5.76 mm, respectively and sphericity coefficient in the range of 62.7 mm and 64.7-65.4 mm, respectively. The results showed that there was positive linear correlation between moisture content and cottonseed length, width, thickness and geometrical mean diameter. With increasing moisture content, seed volume were in the range of 1.00-1.22 cm3 and 0.86-1.14 cm3, respectively, bulk density in the range of 514-576 kg/m3 and 555-588 kg/m3, respectively, and porosity in the range of 38.5-62.6 and 42.9-51.9 percent, respectively. For showing variation of gravimetrical properties of seeds of two cotton varieties studied, with increasing moisture content, the first order regression equations with high coefficient of determination (R2) were fitted. Bulk density showed linear reduction with an increase in moisture content with high coefficient of determination.

In this study, the effect of enzymatic extraction on the stability and quality characteristics of rapeseed (Hyola 401) oil and protein were evaluated and compared with conventional solvent extraction method. The results showed that in both extraction method, no significant differences (P>0.05) were observed between refractive index, density, iodine value, and unsaponifiable matter. While the colour, phosphorus concentration, acidity and peroxide index, specific extinction coefficient (absorption at 232 and 272 nm) of aqueous enzymatic extraction oil were significantly (P

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of levels of seed ageing on emergence of sunflower under drought and salinity stresses. A factorial experiment was conducted based on an RCBD with three replicates in 2012. Experimental factors were factor A that consisted of environmental stress at five levels and factor B made up of seed ageing at four levels (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours). In this study, percent, speed and uniformity of emergence, 50% (D50) the time required to achieve maximum emergence, electrical conductivity of membrane, lipid peroxidation and heterotrophic growth of seedlings consisting of two components: 1) the amount of seed reserves mobilized 2) seed reserve conversion efficiency to seedling tissues, were measured. The results showed that lipid peroxidation and electrical conductivity of plasma membrane increased with increasing accelerated aging. In this experiment, traits such as percent, speed and uniformity of emergence, seedling heterotrophic growth decreased with an increase in accelerated ageing.

In order to produce new hybrids and to evaluate the general combining ability of lines and specific combining ability of crosses, eight male sterile lines and six fertility restorer lines of sunflower which were tolerant to plasmopara disease were crossed in line x tester mating design. Forty-eight F1 hybrids along with their parents and two hybrids as check viz. Azargol and Farrokh were evaluated in a simple lattice design with two replications. The results showed that the effect of genotypes on all traits such as plant height, one thousand seed weight, head diameter, length of growing season, grain yield, oil yield and oil content was significant. Analysis of variance of combining ability by mating design of Line x Tester developed by Kemptorne showed that the effects of genotype, hybrids and line x tester interaction for all traits were significant. For seed and oil yield of RF81-25 restorer and AF80-488 / 1/2/1 inbred line, for 1000-seed weight RF81-30 and AF80-460 / 2/1/1, had a significant positive general combining ability and for plant height RF81-150 / 1 and also inbred line AF80-438 / 1/2/2, for length of vegetative growth period restorer RF81-131 / 1 had a significant negative general combining ability. The cross of AF80-460 / 2/1/1 * RF81-25 and AF-6937 * RF81-30 for grain yield, oil percentage and oil yield had high significant and positive combining ability. The results obtained by estimations of variance of genetic components indicated that in most of traits evaluated, contribution of non-additive variance was more than that of additive variance. Therefore, in order to improve these traits, using heterosis via crossing genetically distant parents could be considered as the most suitable method.

To evaluate and determine suitable soybean lines for second cropping in moderate cold regions of Kermanshah, an experiment was conducted using nine soybean genotypes in a split plot based on an RCBD with three replications for two cropping seasons (2012-2013). In this study two planting dates of May 22 and July11 were as the main plot and soybean genotype were as sub plot. The results of combined analysis of variance revealed that planting date effect was significant for traits such as days to flowering and physiological maturity, plant height and pods per plant and grain yield. In addition, the results indicated that there were significant differences among genotypes for all traits under study with the exception of pods per plant and plant height. Planting date×genotype effect was significant only for seed oil and protein content. Three Genotypes viz. Linford, L17 and Williams had the high seed yield at planting dates with 3249, 3255 and 3186 kgha-1 for the first planting date and 2980, 2817 and 2695 kgha-1 for the second planting date, respectively. Based on the obtained results, genotypes such as Boutny, M7, M9 and LH-2500 with short growth duration and rather acceptable seed yield could be planted as a second cropping in temperate cold regions of Kermanshah.

This study was performed to answer the questions about the possibility of finding genetic sources of resistance to damping off in safflower. To do this, response of 15 genotypes of safflower to P. ultimum was evaluated in research farm of Agricultural science and Natural resources university of Gorgan between 2009-2010. The experiment was done as a split plot arranged in a randomized complete block design with two levels of sterility (sterile and non-sterile) as main plot, and 15 safflower genotypes as sub plot. For inoculation, pieces of fungi in sterile sand along with zoospores suspension at concentration of 105 per ml were used. The results showed that 10 genotypes had resistance more than 90%. Among them resistance of higher than 98% were observed in two genotypes, viz. LRV-55-255 and 34040. The results obtained revealed that infection caused by P. ultimum was effective on speed of emergence in the field. Genotypes grouping showed that genotypes of the third group (Zaeghan-259 and 34040) were relatively resistant.