مجله یافته های نوین زمین شناسی کاربردی
پیاپی 19 (بهار و تابستان 1395)

Zirkouh basin standed in the northern segment of Sistan cuts ground in Easter Iran. Ardakul fault exposed in the eastern segment of this basin, which made of six basic segment (Korizan 28 Km, Bohn Abad 8.8 Km, Abiz 32 Km, Gazkun 20 Km, Moein Abad 30.4 Km, GhalMaral 12 Km, 10 Km and two sub-segment. Evaluating of morphology indexes on twenty alluvial fans and thirty three drainage basin, including topography symmetry index (T) (Korizan: 0.4, Bohn Abad: 0.5 and Abiz: 0.45), asymmetrical drainage environment (Af) (Korizan: 11.27, Bohn Abad: 4.8 and Abiz: 5.25), surface density of drainage (P) were calculated. The activity of basin shape, basin shape, compression factor, elongation factor were also calculated, Indicators associated with alluvial fans of studied region including: alluvial fans curvature (B) (Korizan: 15.93, Bohn Abad: 14.6 and Abiz: 14.7), spire factor (Korizan: 0.84, Bohn Abad: 0.9 and Abiz: 0.8) and elevation differences (Korizan faults segments, Bohn Abad and Abiz respectively, 1193.5, 1205.74 and 1214.6) and longitudinal profiles of alluvial fans. According to the results of the surveying of indicators, the region is in tectonic activity class 1 (high tectonic activity). Overall (generally) the obtained results showed that although there are differences in obtained values but generally, tectonic activity increased from the north (Korizan piece) to the south (Abiz segment) (relative evaluation index of tectonic activity (Iat) for three pieces of Korizan, Bohn Abad and Abiz to respectively 1.4, 1.3 and 1.1). According to the height chart and longitudinal profiler of alluvial fans, the rate of Ardakul fault segments are different and the amount reduced from the middle of each side to the its border.

In order to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of oils from upper Sarvak and Dariyan formations, 4 oil samples collected from Reshadat and Resalat oilfields were analyzed. Physical properties of oils (e.g. the API gravity), indicates that Dariyan oil in both Resalat and Reshadat oilfield is similar to (with low pour points and high sulfur contents) the oils from Sarvak reservoir. Based on geochemical results, Dariyan and Sarvak oils exhibits paraffinic oil characteristics; and probably originated from a common source rock. No oil alteration like biodegradation and leaching has been recognized in these reservoirs. According to the concentration of Ni and V and Ni/V ratios, in studied oils, it seems the migration of hydrocarbon to these reservoirs taken place from Jurassic strata (Upper Surmaeh Formation).

In the eastern metamorphic complex of Khoy ophiolite, several chromitite lenses are exposed which some of them are exploited. Chromitites of Galvans area have been surveyed recently during exploration activities. There are two mineralization zones which are 150 meters apart other. The Zone 1 mineralization has chromites with banded textures and enclosed by dunitic host rock. The Zone 2 mineralization is a large lens composed of massive texture chromites. Both of them enclosed by mantle peridotites. Mineral chemistry studies on zone 2 chromites (chromitites) indicate that they have average Cr# and Mg# 40.90 and 77.45 respectively and are podiform, Alpine type with high Al2O3 content. Based on tectonic setting discrimination diagrams, these chromites (zone 2) were formed in the MORB setting. Parental melt chemistry calculation of these chromites (zone 2) demonstrates that it has Al2O3 (16.98-17.16 wt %) content and FeO/MgO (0.79-0.83) ratios. These features are consistent with Al2O3 content and FeO/MgO ratio of MORB-type melt.

Metals are one of the important elements of water resource pollution. Usually,metal pollution of natural waters, occur from urban wastewater discharge, agricultural and industrial. Given the importance and health risks of heavy metals, as well as the importance of aquatic ecosystems, including ground water, which form part of the water cycle, this research aimed to evaluate the quality of ground water in the Astaneh Ashrafieh-Kuchesfahan area. Therefore,this area were sampled from 19 source, which were examined using atomic absorption. The result showed that there are metals such as: Cadmium, Calcium, Chloride, Sodium, Magnesium, Sulfate and etc. in the water. factors influencing the diffusion of metals, including waste, industrial and agricultural drainage water in the aquifer and pollution it, was checked. Although are not high the amounts of metals in water, but increases in ling-term will have irreparable risks. Therefore, due to the high importance of water resource conservation and pollution prevention increasing the quality and quantity of the plain, the most essential principles of planning for industrial development and population.

Rate of water hardness is an important factor in hydrogeology, particularly in groundwater quality researches. In recent decades, the artificial intelligence systems such as artificial neural networks have many applications in various sciences, including management of water resources. In this study, estimated rate of groundwater hardness in Mazandaran plain, using Gene expression programming have been studied and the results is compared with other intelligent methods such as artificial neural network and Anfis. For this purpose the hydrogen carbonate, chloride, sulfate, magnesium and calcium monthly time scale of the period (1994-2014) was selected as inputs and water hardness as output. Standard deviation of the correlation coefficient, root mean square error, and coefficient of Nash Sutcliff were used to assess various methods. The results showed that Gene expression programming model has the maximum correlation coefficient 0.960, minimum root mean square error 0.112, mean absolute error 0.171 coefficient of Nash Sutcliff 0.880 was in the verification phase. In overall, the results showed that the Gene expression programming model has high performance in estimating some maximum and intermediate values of groundwater hardness.

The aim of this study was to assess heavy metals pollution and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in street dust of Abadan city in Khuzestan province. For this purpose, Enrichment Factor (EF), Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and Potential ecological risk index was calculated. twenty street dust samples were collected and concentrations of heavy metals and some (TPH) were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and gas chromatography flame ionization, respectively. The results based on the mean concentration of metals show adecreasing trend: as Fe>Mn> Zn> Cr> Cu>Pb> Ni> V> Co> As> Mo> Ag> Cd. Judging from calculated Enrichment Factors (EF), most elements display significant pollution in most stations. Station 12 indicated higher contamination compared with other stations according to Igeo. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that Ni, Co and Cr mainly orginate from natural source, while other elements come from antropogenic sources. These results are confirmed by those obtained from calculating EF and Igeo. The maximum content of TPH occurs at Lane-yek cross. The major sources of TPH are probably vehicles and Abadan refinery.

The Ghale-rig granitoid is located at southwest of Nehbandan city (southern Khorasan province) in east of Lut Block. Compositionally, this granitoid ranges of alkali feldspar granite, synogranite, granite, porphyritic granodiorite and biotite bearing quartz syenite with mostly mean grained granular texture. The main minerals consist of quartz, plagioclase, microcline and orthoclase. The Ghale-rig Granitoid issedimentary type (S), calk- alkaline and based on aluminous saturation index (ASI) is peraluminous. This pluton is syn-collision zone Tectonomagmatic. Most of the rocks in the pluton show, enrichment of Large Ion Lithophile element(LILE), Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE) and depleted of HREE, HFSE and negative anomalies in Sr, Ti, Nb and Ba elements. Petrogenesis diagrams display felsic pelite source for Ghale-rig granitoid and it seems, this pluton is probably originated from melting of sediment of the upper crust.

Waste disposal, is a method in which wastes are buried on sinkholes. The buried wastes caused environmental problems. One of these environmental problems is leaches mainly due to influence of precipitation and sometimes surface waters entering the wastes. The leaches consist of various materials. In this study, chemical properties of groundwater of upstream regions of Sanandaj landfill, regarding the suitability of water for drinking is examined.Hence, 5 wells around Sanandaj landfills were selected and 10 water samples were collected and evaluated during 2 seasons based on physical and chemical parameters such as odour, turbidity, colour, pH, TDS, TH, chloride, sulfate, sodium and nitrate. In order to determine the quality of water for drinking purpose, the results were compared with Standard index and Schoeller diagram for the classification of ground water. The result shows most samples are suitable for drinking purpose.

In the Upper Maastrichtian (Tarbur Formation) Omphalocyclus is very abundant in carbonate sequence of the Tethys realm. Omphalocyclus is a orbitoidal benthic foraminifers which existed in the outer platform environment commonly found with rudist, echinoderms and other foraminifers. In this study, based on the morphometric data, Omphalocyclus antoliensis, Omphalocyclus cideensis and Omphalocyclus macroporus are recognized at the study area which suggest Late Maastrichtian age for the Tarbur Formation. Among these species, Omphalocyclus anatoliensis and Omphalocyclus cideensis species are reported for the first time from Iran. Additionally, Omphalocyclus macroporus will be revised systematically and scientifically.

To determine the relationship between the mining and sedimentology characteristics of carbonate deposits of Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) in Deh-Sorkh mine of Isfahan, a section with thickness of about 182 meters, was studied. According to field studies and lithological characteristics of this succesion, it can be separated into three different lithostratigraphic units. The first unit (E1 unit) is composed of thin to medium bedded, gray fossiliferous limestones, the second unit (E2) consists of interbedded limestone and medium to thick clayey limestone beds; and, the third unit (E3) is composed of medium to thick bedded limestone with macrofossils. Microscopic examination of thin sections led to the identification of eight carbonate microfacies consist of two grainstone microfacies, two packstone microfacies, three rudstone microfacies and a floatstone microfacies. These microfacies deposited in different parts (mid ramp and beginning of the outer ramp) of a carbonate ramp with moderate to high energy. Comparison of calcimetery results with sedimentary environment results and microfacies showed that the distal portion of mid ramp had the best conditions and the outer ramp had the worst conditions to establish “calcium carbonate purity” in the carbonate rocks of this region.

Morphotectonic is the study of shapes and forms that evolved on the Earth's surface caused by tectonic. Binalud thrust fault along the east-west fault Nishabor, caused fundamental changes in the longitudinal profile of the region's rivers. In this study, we used indicators of geomorphometry of catchment and drainage network, including index, serration mountain front Smf, the gradient of valley-Sl, symmetry index topographic cross T asymmetry index rivers in the catchment area AF, the shape of the basin BS, and including geomorphological studies in five basins Baghrod, Bojan, Kharve, Darrod and Gorin. Topographic maps, geology map, aerial photographs and digital elevation model and ArcGIS 10.1 were used for analysis of regional tectonic geomorphology. The results confirm the southern slopes of Binalud uplifted due to subduction thrust fault West ward, is tectonics. According to Review done Check out the 5 selected watershed basins by Baghrod and Bojan tectonically more active the Gorin and Kharve are more active than the rest of the studied areas.

The Kalate Khosh ophiolitic complex is located in the western of Fariman city (Khorasane Razavi province). The chromitites are hosted in serpentinized harzburgits (mostly lizardite). Chromitite deposits in Kalate Khosh ophiolite complex occurred as lens shape, layered, massive and disseminated pods. They consisting of primary and secondary structures including disseminated, massive and cataclastic textures respectively. Two main distinct chromite deposits are recognized in Kalate Khosh ophiolitic complex. The first group contain higher Cr2O3 (average 52 wt%) and lower Al2O3 contents (